What determines what druids can shapeshift into?
Judging by quests from the druid class hall, old animal form quest chains, new dialogue from 8.1.5 content, and more, it seems as if the wild gods and senior druids determine what animal forms their followers take on, but druids can ideally shapeshift into any animal they want, even an animal that’s half-man and half-cat. This would explain why druid forms not only vary radically from race to race but also embody a wide range of creatures.
The night elves seem to have been blessed with their specific animal forms in part by the wild gods Cenarius and Ursoc. Ursoc’s dungeon journal entry, while a little vague, says that he’s, “closely linked to the druidic power of shapeshifting” [Dungeon Journal: Emerald Nightmare, Ursoc]. A quote from the Legion Druid Class Preview webpage reads, “Through communion with nature and the demigod Cenarius, Lord of the Forest, Druids are supernaturally endowed with the gift of shapeshifting, allowing them to take the form of all manner of nature’s creature”. Additionally, outdated text from the aquatic form quest says, “The time has come for you to learn more about one of the various animal aspects that Cenarius has blessed us with the ability to change into” [Quest: A Lesson to Learn]. Of course, this dialogue could be interpreted to mean that Cenarius has not necessarily chosen what forms druids take on, but rather given them the ability to shapeshift, since he was the one who brought druidism to the night elves and tauren in the first place. Ursoc, on the other hand, might be the reason why night elves and tauren have bear form, hence his being linked to shapeshifting. The Kul Tirans and Zandalari, however, get their animal forms from somewhere else.
Unfortunately, I do not have a max level horde character, so I’m not terribly familiar with Zandalar content and what the quests dealing with the loa have to say about this topic, although I do know the trolls’ shapeshifting abilities come from their connection to a multitude of loa.
Arthur Tradewind, one of the Kul Tiran Thornspeakers training under the Drust druid Ulfar, says, “I keep trying to convince Ulfar that a goat form would be amazing” [Quest: Balance in All Things]. He goes on to say, “But he always starts talking about ‘dignity’ and I stop listening,” implying that druids can possibly shapeshift into any animal of their choice, provided they have the means and the right teacher.
On a somewhat related note, it appears the Druids of the Talon get their flight form from the Idol of Aviana and, by extension, the wild god Aviana. When the idol was stolen during Legion content, Thisalee Crow commented that she was unable to shift into a storm crow without it [Quest: Defense of Aviana]. Quest text from that chain also says that the “idol acts as a link between the Druids of the Talon and the powers of flight granted to [them] by Aviana” [Quest: You Can’t Take the Sky from Me]. Flight form may be a unique case, however, since it doesn’t appear that any of the other animal forms are currently restricted by the use of or connection to an idol.
To reiterate, it’s a common belief that druids can only adopt animal forms related to the wild gods they worship, but choice bits of dialogue like the aforementioned blurb from the Legion Class Preview webpage or what Arthur Tradewind says about a goat form makes it seem as if druids can generally shapeshift into whatever creature they want. After all, as far as we know, the Drust didn’t base their animal forms off of any wild gods (although it’s surmised they were taught druidism by a wild god).
Druids are, undoubtedly, also influenced by their environment when it comes to first picking their animal forms. Each race’s unique forms have a tendency to resemble creatures native to their homeland and/or surroundings, which would explain why Druids of the Flame opt for an animal like the scorpion while the Zandalari take on forms more reptilian in nature.
One could even conjecture that tapping into new and different power sources provides druids with access to more forms. Fringe druid sects, like the Druids of the Flame, Nightmare, and Fang all employ the use of strange animal forms (scorpion, roc, spider, snake) that aren’t practiced by the druids of the Cenarion Circle.
That said, I suspect that the only thing preventing druids from shapeshifting into anything they want is likely the absence of a teacher that can instruct them how to take on those new forms. The best and most magically endowed teachers for the task would, obviously, be the wild gods, hence why most druid forms appear to resemble them in one way or another (e.g. the bear and Ursoc, the storm crow and Aviana, pack form and Goldrinn, and the troll druid forms and their loa). However, some like Ulfar may well be powerful enough on their own to take on the essence of a new animal and teach it to their followers while others, like Elerethe Renferal and Fandral Staghelm, can use their connection to powerful primal forces like the Emerald Nightmare or the Firelands to learn new animal forms.
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