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EV-DO technological gradual progress development analysis
A foreword
Release the data newly according to CDG, the present global CDMA number of users has already been up to 490 million, already there is Veriozon in the whole world, operators such as Sprint, KDDI, China Telecom, LG Telecom, Telus Mobility, Skytel,etc. have disposed 70 HRPD Rev.A business networks, 38 networks, in arrangement, HRPD number of users up to 120 million. With the development of data traffic of the multimedia, various new business forms are emerging constantly, user's requirements for system bandwidth are improving constantly too, in order to pursue the peak value speed of more high business, and with the contending of HSPA, some CDMA operators (such as KDDI, China Telecom) Having already made to the upgrading plan of HRPD Rev.B, and some operators plan to turn from HRPD Rev.A to LTE directly.
2 HRPD technological gradual progress
2.1 Standard gradual progress route
HRPD is the technology of 3GPP2 standard camp, its standard gradual progress route:
Fig. 1. Standard gradual progress route HRPD
In the street map, HRPD develops along the route gradual progress of Rev A, Rev B, Rev C from edition 0:
Speed of the previous, reverse crest value that Rev 0 supports is 2.4Mbps and 153.6kbps respectively. The proposition of this edition is for offering the high-speed data traffic, is mainly for Best Effort business, especially not download business development at a high speed for being symmetric.
Speed of the previous, reverse crest value that Rev A supports is 3.1Mbps and 1.8Mbps respectively, this edition has strengthened QoS controlling mechanism, have reduced time delay (low transmission delay, low and switched over time delay) ,Support VoIP, the videophone (VT) , real-time nature, low time delay business such as PTC.
Rev B standard was released in March of 06, this edition adopted multi-carrier technology, the speed achievable 73.5Mbps and 27Mbps of the previous, reverse crest value (truss up 15 carriers) . The characteristic of EV-DO Rev B is that the multi-carrier is trussed up, introduce the modulation modes (64QAM) of the higher steps in the forward direction And bigger Bao Chang (6144bits, 7168bits, 8192bits) ,The forward direction peak value speed of the single carrier can reach 4.9Mbps, the reverse peak value speed of the single carrier is constant, it is still 1.8Mbps. RevB technical adoption can improve users' business speed (wave number * of year Peak value speed of the single carrier) ,Help users to use the improvement that is experienced. There are two kinds of EV-DO REV A in ways of RevB gradual progress:
1) On the basis of the gradual progress of CSM6800
The original Rev.A system does not need hardware staging, only needs to carry on the upgrade of the software to BTS and BSC. This kind of staging way does not support 64QAM high-order modulating and DTX/DRX, the forward direction peak value speed of the single carrier is the same as DO RevA, it is 3.072Mbps.
2) On the basis of the gradual progress of CSM6850
The original RevA system needs to change BTS letter microchannel plate to believe the microchannel plate for CSM6850 chip, and carry on the upgrade of the software to BTS and BSC. This kind of staging way supports 64QAM high-order modulating and bigger Bao Chang (6144bits, 7168bits, 8192bits) , the forward direction peak value speed of single carrier is 4.9Mbps, the chip supports DTX/TRX, allows to terminally turn off PA, Tx/Rx periodic line while there is no data transmission, can lengthen the life time of the battery.
Rev C standard, 3GPP2 standard organization works in the relevant canonial formulation at the beginning of March of 09, adopts technology such as OFDM, MIMO, Closed-Loop MTD, the speed of downstream crest value supported is 18.74Mbps/1.25MHz, the speed of reverse crest value is 4.3Mbps/1.25MHz, plans to release in February of 2010.
UMB standard, 3GPP2 once carried on relevant canonial formulation, and released the air interface standard C.S0084 - 0 v1.0 of UMB formally in the second quarter of 2007, because another one and UMB even 3GPP standard LTE have obtained support of most operators, here on UMB or question to LTE gradual progress, every master CDMA runs the commercial city and is inclined to to LTE gradual progress. 3GPP2 standard organization gave up UMB standard formally at the end of last year.
In another standard camp - 3GPP, along HSDPA(R5) with HRPD even standard technology , HSUPA(R6) , HSPA + (R7, R8, R9) Route gradual progress,the a among them second stage one HSPA + standard (R8 standard) Distribute already, three-stage standard in formulation (R9 standard) . HRPD and HSPA master technical indicator comparison is as follows:
Table 1. HRPD and HSPA major indicator compared and analysed 2.2 HRPD network gradual progress developed
Though HRPD canonial development is to begin from Rel0, goes through Rev A, RevB, RevC forward gradual progress to develop, but the enhancement of HRPD Rel0 because of HRPD Rev.A, will stride HRPD Rel.0 and dispose HRPD Rev.A network directly in the operation commercial city that just began to dispose HRPD network after 2006, HRPD Rev.B mainly adopts the multi-carrier to truss up technology and further promote the speed of crest value on the basis of HRPD Rev.A, to the choice of Rev.B network, have different choices to each run the association of dealers in the staging, some operators do not consider planning to turn from HRPD Rev.A network to LTE directly to the staging of HRPD Rev.B, every master CDMA operator has not considered to HRPD Rev.C gradual progress at present. So, the gradual progress of HRPD network will be developed:
Fig. 2. Network gradual progress route HRPD
Multi that the global production of CDMA base station of resurgence is up to 12000 in 06
The resurgence communication was announced a few days ago, its CDMA base station of global production was up to 12000 multily in 2006, occupy the first place of the whole world. Another latest research report of research institute according to the telecommunications of Information Industry Department, in January - December of 2006, the resurgence CDMA contract quantity accounted for 41% of the global total amount, rank the first. Internationally famous advisory company Owen (OVUM) Predict at coming market, 3G CDMA2000 of China, the intersection of resurgence and communication promote by a wide margin at the 20% foundation of the above at present. Communication senior vice-president Xie DaXiong of resurgence shows: "At present, the resurgence communication had global wireless users of CDMA products of the independent intellectual property right totally the capacity has already exceeded Line 60 million, the telecommunication system that has already become China's maximum exports the apparatus. Among them, the intersection of 800 MHz and user of mainstream it accounts for 75% of total capacity to be suitable with a small population in a large area the intersection of CDMA450 and product of area mainly. Achievement of all these benefits from the resurgence communication and adheres to autonomous innovation unswervingly and good implementation of the internationalization strategy. " In 2006, the global market of news report CDMA products of resurgence has made brilliant achievements. In the Asian-Pacific area, resurgence communication and 3 CDMA operators R eliance, Tata, BSNL overall cooperation of the Indian local maximum network. In Africa, the resurgence communication has already constructed CDM A network in countries with strong market potential such as Nigeria, Libya, Ghana, Morocco,etc.. On the European market, the resurgence communication undertakes the construction of first EV-DOR ev.A Chinese network of Europe located in Czech. On CDMA market of this maximum of U.S.A., the resurgence communication will be CVG and ClearTalk two operators build 3G CDMA2000 network. Leading technology is the strong support of development of market. At the beginning of April of 2006, released the first commercial edition based on A ll-IP CDMA2000 solution of IOS V5.0 edition in the world formally in resurgence communication, in June of 2006, undertook the construction of first EV-DORev.A commercial office in the world in Mongolia, hereafter successively in country's application such as Czech, Estonia. The leading capability of news report CD-MA technology of resurgence is reflected rapidly, and confirmed its A ll-IP CDMA2000 technology and leader of the solution to position. So far, the whole world of apparatus of CDMA base station of news report of resurgence employs and adds up to up to 45,000 and 130,000 carrier frequency sectors, its CDMA product has entered more than 60 countries and more than 100 operators, and built more than 50 EV-DO networks in more than 40 countries or regions, the latest EV-DORev.A edition network has created multiple first on the technology and quantity of network application.
China Telecom ferment, put out built-in the intersection of CDMA EV-DO and module surf the Net one
On the forum on the senior level of industry's cooperation of the movable termination of China Telecom, the Chinese telecommunication terminal Ma DaoJie, Vice President of administrative center shows when being interviewed by media, China Telecom is fermenting Net surfing one which is putting out built-in CDMA EV-DO too. "Can be so built-in that EV-DO module into the note-book get. " Ma DaoJie says.
After just now this Spring Festival, have media report China Mobile will make TD-SCDMA built-in to get notebook computer. CDMA business that has been growing perceptibly with the data traffic all the time will not miss this market either naturally. Moreover, the business of the data card is still one of the advantages of China Telecom.
DaoJie Ma show, predict the intersection of China Telecom and demand of data card in 8 million part about 2009 according to it, this is not totally included in 50 million terminal stations. At today's meeting, China Telecom puts forward and develops 35 million users' goal in 09 years, propose needing cooperation of 50 million terminal stations at the same time.
Make one week after China Telecom CDMA result of calling for bid
Yesterday, the well-informed person of the situation learnt from knowing " the first finance and economics daily report " China Telecom called for bid, China Telecom basically finishes to CDMA apparatus technology assessment of the apparatus manufacturer, entered the commercial negotiation from this day, it is estimated the result of calling for bid will make one week later. First-phase ones that pay call for bid since China Telecom obtained CDMA mobile service.
Before this, Chinese the intersection of telecommunication organization and every producer launch multiple the intersection of CDMA and test, including EV-DO test and intercommunication test and business test etc., China Telecom participates in assessing every province expert such as China Telecom Beijing academy, research institute in Shanghai of China Telecom. Alcatel Lucent, China organize the technological group to participate in for resurgence, north electricity, Motorola, the intersection of Samsung and the six manufacturers.
Before this, the relevant personage of Lucent Technologies communication apparatus Co., Ltd. in Qingdao reveals to the reporter, after the first-phase CDMA big form of China Telecom opens bid, need finishing supplying within one month.
China Telecom reveals, the expenses investing in CDMA network in the following three years will reach 80 billion yuan, but the first-phase expenses is up to 27,900 million yuan, network capacity may exceed 200 million users.
In addition, after China Telecom plans this bid, will plan to choose EV-DO networking that several cities make preparation for 3G to test in every province.
By June 30, the total number of UNICOM CDMA mobile subscribers is up to 43,169,000. In the following 2- 3 years, it is estimated the China CDMA number of users will reach 100 million, market share is up to 15%, the value-added service accounts for to up to 35%.
CDMA business is the formal delivery one from October 1 to November 30, China Telecom will begin to implement new movement service and customer to experience and try commercially; After March 31 of 2009, China Telecom will begin to popularize 3G to move and serve on a large scale.
Estimate, it is estimated resurgence, Alcatel Lucent and China reach for the sum of the share of three according to previous market share 70% - 80% , Rank the first camp.
The global CDMA number of users exceeds 431 million
February 27, 2008, CDMA development institution (CDG) Announced, the global CDMA user's total number has already exceeded 431 million in the fourth quarter of 2007, kept the powerful growth situation, among them CDMA2000® The number of users is increased to 417 million. Asian-Pacific area (APAC) User's number increases most, and Europe, Middle East and Africa area (EMEA) Then amplification is the fastest. The whole growth rate of CDMA shows, for hoping it is most advanced to utilize and the technology of price economy comes to operator offering profit service, CDMA is under the environment of various arrangement (especially on the new developing market) Characteristic and stability appearing are extremely attractive. "Whom CDMA have include pronunciation quality, transfer rate and low total cost characteristic promote their in the intersection of the whole world and constant growth of market. " CDG chief operating officer James Person shows: "The operator that those hopes met the user's needs by service with attractive force and price economy has already realized a great deal of technical advantages. Have especially already the sparsely populated rural area covered to these in the Asian-Pacific area, Africa and Middle East, cover on the market of region of the densely populated civic centre again, high performance and flexible characteristic of CDMA meet the network demands of most operators. " In 2007, the total number of CDMA2000 users of 250 networks in the world increased by 16%, it is sold that it is terminal to include broadband EV-DOing and service is powerful. EV-DO users increase from 55 million to 90,500,000 in 2007, the annual compound growth rate exceeds 64%. Most users centre in inferior Tai Wo North America area, accounts for 49% and 32% of the global market respectively. In the fourth quarter of 2007, the number of users of Asian-Pacific area increases by 6,200,000, is up to 211 million users, only increase the most high area as the whole world. But North America area exceeds 137 millionCDMA users. Asian-Pacific area and Europe, Middle East and Africa area amplification maximum compared with the same period of last year, it is 24% and 60% respectively. Other CDMA user's concentrated areas include: India exceeds 14 million users exceeding 42 million users, Indonesia to exceed 61 million multi-users, China. In addition, CDMA numbers of users in more and more operators of emerging nation have all already topped 1 million high point. For example, Movicel, WANA, Starcomms, PTCL of Pakistan, the Sudan's telecom (Sudatel) of Nigeria of Morocco of Angola And Yemen moves (Yemen Mobile) CDMA user number top 1 million high point at 2007. In addition, in 2007, the terminal station products in low-end and advanced market realized explosive growth, over 350 kinds of terminal stations are realized commercially already. Nowadays, 19 suppliers offer over 82 ultra low-ends (VLE) in the whole world CDMA2000 cell-phone (wholesale price is less than 50 dollars) ,This kind of trend is changing the communication pattern of the developing market. Support notebook computer and advanced terminal station of EV-DO to already go on the market. In addition, a dozen new WorldModeTM terminal stations go on the market. Can become key a bit more most importantly sharp increase that perhaps lies in CDMA2000 1xEV-DO edition A disposes in year of CDMA development in 2007. At the beginning of 2007, only three operators disposed the edition A technology; Now, the whole world have 26 operator reach the edition A the intersection of network and staging, have 31 operators in course of upgrading already. Prominent growth that the operator that has already disposed the edition A network has obtained the data income. CDMA still obtained new frequency spectrum. CHINAUNICOM succeeds in competing so that 3G runs the license plate in Macao, and put out its first CDMA2000 1xEV-DO network in the locality in October. Wholly-owned constituent company Hong Kong telephone limited company of Pacific Century CyberWorks gains one to dispose and run the 15 -year license plate of CDMA2000 business in Hong Kong in 800 MHz frequency band. Meanwhile, many American operators are considering disposing CDMA2000 too, in order to offer the advanced radio service (AWS) on 1.7/2.1 GHz frequency band . In addition, International Telecommunications Union (ITU) Have used 450 and 700 MHz frequency band for 3G and future generation's moving the great decision served. CDG expectancy, this decision will promote CDMA2000 further arrangement in the whole world. CDMA2000 has made very great progress too in public safety: The leading telecommunication equipment supplier is offering the edition A broadband device in order to support the American union, public security department of the state and local government and help the organization promptly.
Indian CDMA2000 user's total number exceeds 50 million
August 21, 2007, CDMA development institution (CDG) Announce, Indian CDMA2000reg; Fixed net sum mobile terminal user last 50 million. CDMA2000 technology, at the time of only introducing to the market for five years, user increase, reach 0.5 tablet Cheng these, used time reaches the same user's quantity to shorten by half more than GSM. CDG owes the snowball of this area to its practical difference value-added service, network expanding and increasingly many ultra low-end (VLE) to the rural market offered The terminal market throws in. "The Indian market is an important example, it proves the flexibility, high performance and efficient characteristic that CDMA2000 possesses. " The chief operating officer James Person of CDG says, " at the same time, CDMA2000 is good at offering a series of abundant telecommunication solution in a most economic way, it contain until rural area, not dispose since between fixed telephone and cellular telephone, serve from pronunciation to TV, since low-ends ultra( Prepaid fee) Reach high side ' And then pay) Terminal station,etc.. So, CDMA2000 is becoming the best choice of the new developing market rapidly. " As India has a net increase of 2 million in the number of users of July of 2007, the total number of users of CDMA2000 has already been up to 51,100,000. Reliance Communications and Tata Teleservices belong to 20 the intersection of growth rate and most quick operator before the the whole world, they are investing in CDMA2000 business in order to further accelerate expanding. Since 2003, CDMA2000 terminal annual growth is up to 50%, compared with GSM, more primitive apparatus manufacturers (OEM) Participating in the competition of CDMA2000 market actively. CDMA2000 network expand to the intersection of India and rural area rapidly, offer to user advanced phone and broadband Internet insert, this to impel the intersection of Indian and user up to 50 million 0.5 key factor of tablet Cheng these. India is leading the trade to develop in offering price reasonable fixing and movement broadband access for low developed area. In fact, a CDMA2000 network that Reliance has already begun to implement global maximum expands the project - -Plan to cover more than 20,000 towns and 300,000 villages. In addition CDMA2000 operator prepare, reach the most advanced movement broadband technology of the industry existing the intersection of network and seamless upgrade their - -EV-DO edition A network. With the development of the try net and fast expansion in the rural area of the operator, it is estimated it will make countryside and city obtain reasonable broadband Internet of the price to insert with the valid platform of the value-added service that EV-DO edition A will become. BSNL has already announced the expenses set menu of CDMA2000 1X and EV-DO broadband data service supported by PC card and USB thumb-drive modem; Tata has been introduced into first 1X USB thumb-drive modems of India in order to support its Plug2Surf wireless Internet service; Reliance purchased Yipes Holdings in order to capture user's market of enterprises recently. The leading analysis mechanism BDA was expected by the year of 2010, India would have over 35 million to use the users who moved broadband and served. CDMA2000 still supports a lot of differently and subdivides the multiple wide new business beneath mention of the market, for example roam in the whole world of single number, fixed modem of wireless Internet, Wi-Fi router, CDMA and GSM double network WorldmodeTM telephone, fixed Cordless Phone, PC note-book data card, USB thumb-drives, public telephone, and fixed wireless personal telephone office (PCO) Terminal (CDMA2000 has occupied more than 50% of the market share in this business) . It is first that CDMA2000 operator opens India " It is free to answer all the life " And " China is univalent " The plan of the expenses, the advanced terminal installation offered at the same time is increasing constantly too, including LG VX9800, motor Razr, LG8000 (chocolate) , Samsung Duo and motor Q. " Classic " of Reliance Communications It is the second largest mobile phone brand that India is second only to Nokia. 777 mobile phones of Reliance are black-and-white mobile phones of the global bottom price, have hit the sales volume of 1 million in single week. The growth of Indian CDMA2000 users is still due to India in the global leading advantage of the ultra low-end mobile phone. At present, 14 suppliers offer 45 ultra low-end CDMA2000 terminal stations on the Indian market. Further increase on the market with the single chip cell phone termina, this figure is expected to increase notably. In April, Tata released the ultra low-end mobile phone Motorola F3C of first chip of form in the world, Reliance has released LGE RD3000 too subsequently. It is estimated that there is chip ultra low-end mobile phone of other ten forms that will be put on market next month. In order to further expand the range of choice of the cell phone termina of ultra low-end, CDMA industry of India is pursuing and supporting here to produce CDMA2000 terminal plan actively. CDG also breaks CDMA2000 the growth of the record type in India to owe to the extensive choice of over 1 million kinds of difference new value-added services that this technology offers, such as the mobile television, Internet broadcasts, every day news of the local language, ring tones of depressed place of fields lying fallow in rotation of the treasure, music and film part are downloaded, praying, cricket score upgrading, high-speed Internet's search, instant messaging, locating service, a key converse (PPT) every day Teleeducation,etc., and what it offers answer the expenses plan free for life.
