#historicalmemory

[evelyn351988]

Family memories before everything changed.

“The Mispucha: Jewish Families Before WWII” explores Jewish life, tradition, and community before WWII.

Read here: https://www.johnwweiser.com/the-mispucha-jewish-families-before-wwii/

[tildosacchinischool]

A 1928 tribute that still speaks today

Alfonso De Lalla’s powerful words honor sailor Vincenzo Farese, fallen at Bargal (1925). A rare handwritten/typescript document of memory, duty, and sacrifice.

Read more 👉 https://www.tildosacchinischool.it/archivio-sacchini/alfonso-de-lalla-17-aprile-1928/

[worm-serious-talks]

Genocide: A Definition to Reconsider

Genocide is one of the most serious crimes recognized under international law. Its legal definition was established in the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 1948 in direct response to the Holocaust and other atrocities committed during World War II.

According to Article II of the Convention, genocide is defined as:

"Any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group, as such."

The acts listed as genocidal under the Convention include:

Killing members of the group.

Causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group.

Deliberately inflicting conditions of life calculated to bring about the group’s physical destruction in whole or in part.

Imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group.

Forcibly transferring children of the group to another group.

–Limitations of the current legal definition–

Although the 1948 Convention represented a milestone in international criminal law, its definition of genocide presents serious limitations that fail to encompass other systematic forms of group destruction:

• Exclusion of political, sexual, and cultural groups: The Convention recognizes only national, ethnic, racial, or religious groups as potential victims of genocide. This excludes other communities that have been historically targeted, such as:

Political groups, like leftist activists and militants forcibly disappeared or executed during the military dictatorships in South America.

LGBTIQ+ communities, subjected to extermination or “re-education” policies under regimes like Nazi Germany or, more recently, in Chechnya.

Cultural and linguistic minorities, often displaced or assimilated through colonial or neocolonial policies aimed at destroying their ways of life.

• A narrow focus on physical or biological destruction: The Convention does not consider other forms of group annihilation, such as cultural or symbolic genocide. As a result, it excludes:

The suppression of Indigenous languages or religions.

The imposition of a single national identity at the expense of diverse cultural expressions.

The systematic erosion of a people’s collective memory, traditions, and worldview.

• The burden of proving specific intent: The legal requirement to prove a specific intent to destroy the group “as such” (dolus specialis) poses a high threshold in court. This has complicated the legal recognition of genocidal acts in cases such as Bosnia, Guatemala, or Darfur, where the systematic nature of the violence is evident but direct evidence of intent is difficult to obtain.

–Toward a broader definition of genocide–

Given these limitations, the legal definition of genocide must be expanded to better reflect the many ways in which a group can be systematically destroyed. A more appropriate and inclusive definition could be:

"Genocide is the systematic implementation of actions—whether killings, persecution, torture, displacement, disappearances, sterilizations, or other means—aimed at destroying, in whole or in part, a human group defined by its collective identity, whether ethnic, national, racial, religious, political, sexual, cultural, or gender-based, through a deliberate, planned, and sustained policy, usually carried out by the State or structures of power."

This definition widens the legal scope to include not only direct physical violence but also structural forms of destruction, such as cultural alienation, systemic exclusion, and institutional marginalization.

The definition of genocide in the 1948 Convention was a necessary response to the horrors of World War II. However, it reflects the historical and political context of its time, focusing narrowly on physical extermination. Today, that framework is insufficient to understand and prosecute other systematic forms of violence aimed at eliminating human groups because of who they are.

Revisiting the concept of genocide is not a mere academic exercise—it is an urgent task in the pursuit of a more inclusive and comprehensive justice. One that recognizes that peoples and communities can also be destroyed through silence, assimilation, forced forgetting, or the erasure of their cultural foundations.

———

I am not an expert in international law, nor have I graduated as a lawyer yet, so I apologize for any legal inaccuracies that may be present in this text. Likewise, if there are any errors in the English translation, please keep in mind that it is not my first language. I appreciate any corrections or contributions that help improve this reflection.

[au-royaume-du-timbre]

Men's gift, General de Gaulle, June 18th call, digital art, photo montage, London radio BBC, unique model France, historical memory

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Go to the shop on a ETSY

all my creations 

☞https://www.etsy.com/fr/shop/FrenchPhilatelicArt

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or directly ☞

With all the details.

https://www.etsy.com/listing/720460050/mens-gift-general-de-gaulle-june-18th?ref=shop_home_active_1&frs=1

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Gift man, General de Gaulle, call of June 18th, digital art, photo montage, radio London, unique model France, historical souvenir.

This creation is a unique piece like everything that I create and it is a gift idea for the history lovers of France and the Second World War.

You can frame this digital montage with these decorative stamps in an entrance, living room, library, dining room or bedroom. It will be a work of art at reasonable price and you can also please you if you are collector.

It is the homage to a man who will have marked his time and history, regardless of the political views of each.

Beautiful presentation with a custom location for these two blocks of stamps which is accompanied by a card that envelops it.

The novelty lies in the customized location reserved for them; they are protected and can not move.Practical, they can be extracted from their prison, with precautions of course, to be checked, admired, or just to make them take a little air; they can just as naturally be put back in their place. (see more details in the presentation of the shop)

The pages for sale in this article are in views 1 to 4.

The other views provide you with other viewing angles of the set.

For any other information, whatever it is, I remain of course at your disposal.

Some technical details on this article:

- a very high quality semi-gloss photo paper with immediate drying: 280 g / m2 and its size is A4 (21 x 29.7 cm).

- the weight of this article: about 90 g + hard cardboard sleeve.

- Souvenir sheet issued by France in 2010; the 2019 price is 10 € and the block is inserted in a card sold 3 €

- a block issued in the same year also issued by France;2019 listing = 2 € In any case, the value of the market will be used, these prices no longer correspond to anything and are overvalued.

[mjflamiano]

2018, Cinema studies, video, silent, 2:12min.

[acrossmadrid-blog]

Today we are attending the unveiling of a memorial plaque to the local victims of Fascism in Colmenar Viejo, northern Madrid. Over 100 civilians were executed in 1939 following Franco's orders as part of the calculated genocide against supporters of the democratic Republic and their relatives. 💔 ❤💛💜Hoy estamos en la inauguración de una placa memorial a las víctimas locales del fascismo en Colmenar Viejo al norte de Madrid. Más de 100 civiles y sus familiares fueron ejecutados en 1939 siguiendo órdenes de Franco como parte del calculado genocidio contra los defensores de la República democrática. 💔 ❤💛💜#republicaespañola #colmenarviejo #sierrademadrid #victimasdelfascismo #memoriahistorica #foroporlamemoria #historicalmemory #historymatters #siempreennuestroscorazones #wedonotforgetyou #alwaysinourhearts #estaesmibandera #españarepublicana #acrossmadrid #spanishcivilwar #guerracivil @izquierda_unida @el_pce (at Colmenar Viejo, Madrid, Spain)

[acrossmadrid-blog]

With Eufemio Garcia, son of a Republican Spaniard who was sent to Mauthausen with his family. Eufemio was 6 years old when the nazis got his father off the train and decided to send the women and children back to Franco's Spain. Today, Eufemio was present at the Town Hall when the names of 449 citizens from Madrid who were deported from France as a consequence of Franco's genocidal attack on the Republic. Those 9,000 Republican exiles thought they would be safe in France but the Vichy government decided to hand them over to the occupying German troops. Amongst them was Eufemio's father, killed in a gas chamber at Mauthausen. #historicalmemory #historymatters #nazicamps #spanishcivilwar #acrossmadrid #ibmt_scw #mauthausenconcentrationcamp #Mauthausen #genocide #spanishvictimsoffranco #spanishvictimsofnazicamps #Madrid #ayuntamientodemadrid #finally #alwaysinourhearts 💔 (at Madrid, Spain)

[youngglobal]

Via @raceandrevolution - Today at @teacherscollege @youngglobal and I are introducing Race and Revolution: Still Separate-Still Unequal as school curriculum. Wish us luck!! #educationequity #educationjustice #studentcenteredlearning #endschoolsegregation #workshops #educationconference #socialjustice #historicalmemory (at Teachers College, Columbia University)