It is among the Gnostics that we find the strongest expressions of the theme of alienation and estrangement. There is even a key text among the Nag Hammadi scrolls, entitled *Allogenes*, which means "Stranger" and refers to the author of this tract. According to the editors, this appellation, which literally means "of another race," was a common one in this period for semidivine revealers of higher wisdom. To the Gnostics, the whole process by which this world was created was fundamentally flawed: humanity was a mistake perpetrated by demiurge creators who misplaced us into this gloomy world, which they called a "circle of dark fire." To quote Jacques Lacarriere, "We are exploited on a cosmic scale, we are the proletariat of the demiurge-executioner, slaves exiled into a world that is viscerally subject to violence; we are the dregs and sediment of a lost heaven, strangers on our own planet."
The Gnostics taught that all humans suffer this fate of exile. *Gnosis* ("knowledge") is the aware recognition of this state of affairs -- "and when they understand, they are strangers." The sense of alienation, so widespread in Western culture and so particularly acute in twentieth-century consciousness, can be seen as the inevitable and perhaps necessary starting point for personal transformation. Estrangement leads to questioning, searching, and wondering. The quest or search may lead, if we are graced, to an awakening; the journey homeward may lead to the source of our beingness.