picture from observatorium bosscha’s astrofotografi page.
since i love space and my mother tongue, here are some kosakata tentang luar angkasa dalam bahasa indonesia! most of the words listed here i took from @heliophobique‘s amazing hindi space vocab post. important note: indonesian has no grammatical gender thank god.
luar angkasa / ruang angkasa / antariksa - space (the last word is very similar to the hindi word अंतरिक्ष / antariksh, because it is a sanskrit loanword! to see more of them, check this out)
alam semesta / jagad raya (uncommon) - universe
kosmos - cosmos
ledakan dahsyat / dentuman besar - big bang
galaksi - galaxy
bima sakti - milky way (bhima from the sanskrit epic “mahabharata”; apparently president soekarno named it when he first visited the bosscha observatory because a picture of the milky way reminded him of bhima fighting against the great serpent)
bintang - star
rasi bintang / konstelasi - constellation
matahari - the sun (“mata hari” is literally “the day’s eye”)
bulan - the moon
gerhana - eclipse
gerhana matahari - solar eclipse
gerhana bulan - lunar eclipse
planet / bintang siarah (outdated) - planet
planet kerdil/katai/kurcaci - dwarf planet (all terms used interchangeably, “kerdil” is the most common)
merkurius - mercury (this is the first of the seemingly english loanwords in this list that are actually dutch loanwords, similar because they both have germanic roots! see the vocabulary section in the indonesian language wikipedia article)
venus - venus
bumi - earth
mars - mars
yupiter - yupiter
saturnus - saturn
uranus - uranus
neptunus - neptune
pluto - pluto
[matahari] terbit - sunrise (“terbit” on its own is [to] rise)
[matahari] terbenam - sunset (“terbenam” on its own is [to] set)
lubang hitam - black hole
meteoroid - meteoroid
meteor / cirit bintang (outdated) - meteor
meteorit - meteorite
bintang jatuh - shooting star
bintang kejora - morning star
bintang utara/kutub - northern star
orbit - orbit
komet - comet
sabuk kuiper - kuiper belt
benda langit - celestial body
nebula - nebula
supernova - supernova
aurora - aurora
pelangi - rainbow
atmosfer - atmosphere
stratosfir - stratosphere
udara - air (not to be confused with "air" in indonesian that means "water")
langit - sky/heaven
kehidupan - life
penemuan - discovery
gravitasi / gaya berat - gravity
radiasi - radiation
ultraviolet / ultraungu (uncommon) - ultraviolet
materi gelap - dark matter
energi gelap - dark energy
ilmu pengetahuan - science (of something)
astronomi - astronomy
kosmologi - cosmology
observatorium - observatory (direct dutch loanword!)
ahli astronomi - astronomer (literally "astronomy expert")
astrologi / perbintangan - astrology
astronot (most common) / angkasawan / antariksawan / juru angkasa - astronaut
ilmuwan - scientist (the “-wan” usually describes the person doing the profession, see angkasawan above!)
pakaian angkasawan - spacesuit
stasiun luar angkasa - space station
pendaratan - landing
roket - rocket
satelit - satellite
pesawat luar angkasa / kendaraan angkasa - spacecraft (literally "outer space aircraft"/"space vehicle")
teleskop / teropong / penoropong [bintang] - telescope (the "bintang" specifies that the telescope is exclusively astronomy-related)
kehidupan di luar bumi/di luar angkasa - extraterrestrial life (literally "life outside earth/in outer space")
zona layak huni - habitable zone
benda terbang aneh (BETA) - unidentified flying object (UFO) (literally "strange flying object")