#magnacarta

[infamoushistory]

Why Has There Never Been a John II of England? The King Whose Name Was Never Repeated

Among the long list of English monarchs, some royal names have been used again and again: Henry, Edward, George, and William. But one name has remained untouched for more than 800 years — John. Despite several princes bearing the name, England has never had a King John II.

The reason begins with the reign of John of England, the youngest son of Henry II of England and Eleanor of Aquitaine. John inherited the throne after the death of his famous brother Richard I of England in 1199. His reign was immediately troubled by disputes over succession, conflicts with France, and growing tensions with England’s powerful nobles.

John’s greatest humiliation came in 1204 when he lost most of the English-held territories in Normandy and other parts of France to Philip II of France. The loss damaged the prestige of the English crown and earned John the nickname “Lackland,” originally a reference to his lack of inherited lands.

His conflicts with the Church and his own barons made his reputation even worse. After a dispute with Pope Innocent III over the appointment of the Archbishop of Canterbury, England was placed under an interdict, and John was eventually excommunicated. Heavy taxation and unpopular policies led many nobles to rebel, forcing him to meet them at Runnymede in 1215 and accept the Magna Carta — a document that became one of the foundations of constitutional government.

John died in 1216 during a civil war known as the First Barons’ War. Although later historians have debated whether he was truly as terrible as medieval writers claimed, his reputation remained one of failure and betrayal. For centuries, English kings avoided the name, perhaps fearing that a new “John” would be compared to the infamous Plantagenet ruler.

Interestingly, the name did not completely disappear from English royalty. Several princes were named John, including a younger son of Edward I of England and a son of Henry IV of England. In more recent history, Prince John of the United Kingdom was born in 1905, but he was not in line to become king and died young.

The closest England came to another royal John was perhaps during the reigns of the later Stuarts and Hanoverians, when names from earlier English history were occasionally reconsidered. However, no monarch ever wanted to revive a name still associated with one of England’s most criticized kings.

Unlike France, which had many kings named Louis, or Scotland, which had multiple kings named James, England’s royal tradition has quietly left John behind. More than eight centuries later, the throne still has no John II — a lasting reminder that a monarch’s legacy can shape history long after his crown has passed to another.

[hakizanr]

MagnaCarta: The Phantom of Avalanche

[whencyclopedfr]

Magna Carta

La Magna Carta ou "Grande Charte" fut un accord imposé au roi Jean d'Angleterre (r. de 1199 à 1216) le 15 juin 1215 par des barons rebelles afin de limiter son pouvoir et d'empêcher les actes royaux arbitraires tels que la confiscation des terres et les impôts déraisonnables. Dorénavant, le roi devrait consulter un ensemble défini de lois et de coutumes avant de faire de telles déclarations.

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[thebritishmonarchycouk]

On This Day In History . 15 June 1215 . King John puts his seal on the Magna Carta at Runnymede . ◼ The document that has come to be known as Magna Carta or Great Charter, is recognized as a fundamental part of the English constitutional tradition. . ◼ In 1215 King John of England (r.1199–1216) fought more than forty English barons & their followers in a civil war. The king had angered the barons by extracting revenues based on their feudal obligations in order to fight a war in France. After John lost the war, the barons rebelled against the king. . ◼ The rebels first demanded that the king confirm the Charter of Henry I, a coronation charter from 1100 in which King Henry I had promised to abolish all evil customs that oppressed the realm. Additional grievances were added to the charter, which King John was forced to accept at Runnymede, 15 June 1215, after the rebels occupied London. . ◼ Magna Carta contains sixty-three chapters. Many of the chapters defined the king’s feudal rights over his vassals, preventing the king from arbitrarily collecting revenue from the barons. Chapter 39 established the right to due process of law, & in chapter 40 the king promised that he would not sell, deny, or delay justice to anyone. . ◼ The Magna Carta did not resolve the dispute between the barons & King John. Within months they were fighting again. In August 1215 the charter was annulled by Pope Innocent III, John’s feudal overlord, on the grounds that it had been executed under duress. In 1216, however, after John’s death the charter was reissued with some modifications. At the conclusion of the civil war in 1217, it was reissued again with minor revisions. This version of Magna Carta became part of the English constitutional tradition; confirmed by later kings & interpreted by Parliament, it is still revered as a symbol of English liberties. . . . #OnThisDayInHistory #ThisDayInHistory #TheYear1215 #MagnaCarta #TheGreatCharter #MagnaCarta1215 #JohnofEngland #KingJohnofEngland #HouseofPlantagenet #HouseofAngevin #History #EnglishMonarchy #BritishMonarchy #d15jun #otd #OnThisDay #RoyalHistory #historyinpictures #HistoryFacts #KingofEngland #theking #Plantagenets (at Runnymede) https://www.instagram.com/p/CQJdyhPjHKa/?utm_medium=tumblr

[yoshimihasegawa]

English Craftsmanship, Bespoke oxford calf black leather shoes #johnlobblondon #bespoke #craftsmanship #oxfordshoes #authentic #aesthetic #indipendent #magnacarta #stjames #london https://www.instagram.com/p/B9tCnsHpHoI/?igshid=txcwxh9qcptx

[sataniccapitalist]

William the Conqueror and CEO pay

In 2018, fifty publicly traded U.S. corporations paid their CEOs more than 1,000 times what they paid their median workers... The next time

[sounds10thapr1976-blog]

Onto the actual text this time, including a Contents page so you should be able to work out how long you have to wait for the articles you’re interested in.

Page 2     SOUNDS     April 10, 1976

CONTENTS

FEATURES David Bowie 12-14 Bill Bruford 16 War 17 PFM 18-19 Kate and Anna McGarrigle 19 Led Zeppelin 20 Bachman Turner Overdrive 27 Clive Davis 30 Guitar Special 32-39 Miracles 45

REGULARS News 2-4 Charts 6 Wax Fax 7 High Society 8-10 Jaws 11 Albums 20-24 Singles 40-41 Reggae 41 Fair Deal 42 Letters 44 Steppin’ Out 46-48 On The Road 49-51 New Sounds 54

SOUNDS

EDITOR Alan Lewis

DEPUTY EDITOR Alf Martin

FEATURES EDITOR Barbara Charone

SPECIAL PROJECTS Phil Sutcliffe

NEWS EDITOR Hugh Fielder

EDITORIAL Geoff Barton Dave Fudger Susanne Garrett Vivien Goldman Jonh Ingham Tony Mitchell

CONTRIBUTORS Mick Brown Giovanni Dadomo Flip Fraser Jerry Gilbert Dan Hedges Robin Katz Dave Laing John Peel

PHOTOGRAPHER Mike Putland

IN AMERICA Toby Goldstein 212 672 3166 Al Rudis Steve Rosen Ted Joseph Peter Crescenti

ADVERTISEMENT MANAGER Jonathan Ward

TELEPHONE SALES MANAGER Eddie Fitzgerald

ADVERTISEMENT PRODUCTION Len Driver

MANAGING DIRECTOR Jack Hutton

EDITORIAL DIRECTOR Mike Sharman

ADVERTISEMENT DIRECTOR Peter Wilkinson

Spotlight Publications, Stoplight House, 1 Benwell Road, London N7 7AX. Telephone: [phone].

NEWSDESK

KISS MAYHEM Three attacks by the US destroyers

KISS, US kings of heavy rock in heavy make-up, are at last to play three gigs in Britain next month.

Despite the transatlantic publicity they have so far made little impact on record here but their fourth UK album ‘Destroyer’ will be released on Casablanca to coincide.

The label also plan to back up the full frontal assault on the British market with giveaways at the concerts including arm bands and Kiss masks and a TV advertising campaign.

The dates are: Manchester Free Trade Hall May 13, Birmingham Odeon 14, Hammersmith Odeon 15. The band may use their own jet-liner on the tour.

‘UNOFFICIAL’ FLOYD A PINK FLOYD single taken from ‘Wish You Were Here’ is being released in this country in a special limited edition of 10,000.

It will be ‘Have A Cigar’ b/w ‘Shine On You Crazy Diamond’ and comes through an exclusive distribution deal arranged by Lightning Records with the Dutch company who originally released it.

The last of the official Floyd singles released in the UK was ‘Point Me At The Sky’ and they have recently again vetoed any further single releases here, though they put them out in every other record buying country, because of what they regard as the lightweight pop image of the charts here.

ALVIN, FAIRPORT IN FOOTBALL FEST BANK HOLIDAY Monday is now set to be the biggest day ever in live rock in the UK – another huge football ground festival probably starring Alvin Lee has been announced, coinciding with the Who and Co. putting the boot in at Charlton (see opposite page).

The Southend Charity Festival Committee say that contracts are expected to be signed this week for a line-up starring Alvin and Friends, Budgie, and the debut of the new Fairport Convention.

Support acts planned are The Dave Bromberg Band, Magna Carta, the Mickey Jupp Band and Crossbreed with our very own John Peel compering.

Confirmation came from the business end Alvin and the Fairports that they were likely to do the gig though it was still being negotiated – neither band’s line-up has yet been announced.

The Festival is run for the benefit of Christian Aid relief and development projects in the third world.

It starts at 11 am and runs through to 9pm at Southend United Football Ground. Tickets are now on sale from the ground in Victoria Avenue at £2 though they will be £2.50 on the day. Postal applicants should send an SAE with cheques and postal orders made out to ‘Southend Sounds ’76.’

SOME OF THESE KNIGHTS GLADYS KNIGHT And The Pips will tour Britain later this month doing two shows a night in five venues, her last visit for some time as she is pregnant.

The dates are: Bournemouth Winter Gardens April 23, Manchester Palace 24, Southport New Theatre 25, London New Victoria 27, Birmingham Odeon 30.

They will be bringing their own rhythm section and the tour coincides with the UK release of their States hit ‘Midnight Train To Georgia’.

Gladys is also starring in a movie titled ‘Pipedreams’ due for release in Britain in the autumn.

STILL NO TUBES Tubes’ record company A&M say that they cannot tour the UK in May as their new album ‘Young and Rich’ (produced by Ken Scott who worked on the Supertramp albums) will be released then and they will be touring the States to promote it.

But they have been trying to arrange a London venue to do a possible week of shows later in the year as well as provincial dates and A&M said they were “virtually certain” to come to Britain in ’76.

RECORD NEWS

JON DOES THE LOT Jon Anderson, who plays just occasional acoustic and percussion with Yes, has been a one-man band on his solo album ‘Olias Of Sunhillow’ released by Atlantic on May 7. He wrote the words and music and plays all instruments including keyboards and harp.

He will perform excerpts from it on OGWT on May 11 and get a spot in the Daily Telegraph colour supplement on the release date. Yes start a three-month tour of the States in late May.

REAL THING release a single in mid-May to tie in with their guest appearance with David Essex at Earl’s Court on May 15.

BARNEY JAMES, ex-drummer with Rick Wakeman’s English Rock Ensemble, has his first solo single out on April 9 on the Solddon label. Titled ‘All The Prizes Taken’ it’s from his album ‘Koneg – The Second Coming’ scheduled for May release.

JOHNNY TAYLOR’S US number one hit ‘ Disco Lady’ has been rush released in the UK by Columbia. Taylor is a soul black veteran who first recorded in the 50s and had a string of hits on Stax during the past decade, including the classic ‘Who’s Making Love’. He joined Epic after the recent Stax collapse.

FREDDIE MACK, who played ‘Mr ‘Superbad’ in the K-Tel TV ads for the album of the same name last year, has a single of the same name out on Contempo on April 23. It’s called ‘Mr Superbad’.

LINDA LEWIS, whose current single on Bell is a Van McCoy song ‘Baby I’m Yours’, is heading for New Orleans to record with Allen Toussaint. Later in the summer she will co-star with John Miles in a Mike Mansfield TV special.

GRAND FUNK have signed to EMI International for the world outside North America.

NANARETH’s single ‘Love Hurts’ and album ‘Hair Of The Dog’ have both gone gold in the States.

ANNE-KARINE THINGNAES, Norwegian Eurovision Song Contest entry ‘Mata Hari’ is being released by DJM in the UK.

MOON WILLAIMS new single on DJM ‘Every Time I Take The Time’ will be ‘endorsed’ in radio ads by admirers including Deep Purple, The Rubettes, Angie Bowie and Biddu.

SHIRLEY BASSEY has a single called ‘Natali’ released on April 9 by United Artists. It’s taken from an Album ‘Love Life And Feeling’ out on April 23.

BONNIE DOBSON is recording a new album for Polydor and tracks so far completed include ‘Morning Dew’ (which she originally wrote) ‘A Taste Of Honey’, ‘Will You Still Love Me Tomorrow’ and ‘Here Comes The Sun’. The album is scheduled for July release.

URIAH HEEP have finished work on their new album, ‘High And Mighty’, which is the first that the band have produced themselves. It will be released in May.

ARISTA RECORDS have taken over Haven Records in America which gives them such artists as the Righteous Brothers, Gene Redding, Willie Harry Nelson, Eve Sands, and Rob Grill and the Grassroots. The Righteous Brothers and Willie Harry Nelson have albums due for release shortly.

‘THE HAPLESS Child And Other Inscrutable Stories’ is the title of an album released by Virgin next weekend. The music is by Mike Mantler and lyrics by Edward Gorey and among those taking part are Robert Wyatt, Carla Bley, Terge Rypdal, Steve Swallow and Jack De Johnette.

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Next time: page three

[whencyclopedfr]

Féodalité

La féodalité était le système en vigueur dans les sociétés médiévales européennes des 10e-13e siècles où une hiérarchie sociale était établie sur la base d'un contrôle administratif local et de la répartition des terres en unités (fiefs). Un propriétaire terrien (seigneur) donnait un fief, ainsi qu'une promesse de protection militaire et juridique, en échange d'une forme de paiement de la part de la personne qui le recevait (vassal).

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