The genus, Morpho contains around 150 subspecies of butterfly that have iridescent blue ranging in almost a clear pearl (M. sulkowskyi) to a bright cobalt (M. rhetenor). These butterflies live in neotropical regions of South America. Most of the Morpho species display sexual dimorphism. The male morphos are typically more colorful, and the females are partially iridescent or entirely brown and yellow.
The Cypris Morpho males have vibrant blue and white wings. The larger females (second photo, bottom row) are a dark brown and tawny yellow from above. Their wings can be up to 14cm wide. From the ventral side, both genders look similar and have several ocelli. These eye spots are characteristic of all morphos. The brilliant wings are not actually pigmented blue, but instead, each scale is composed of rows of micro structures that reflect most light, including ultraviolet, causing the wing to appear blue. Males use their reflective wings to communicate from long distances (as they are territorial and solitary), and to confuse predators. The unique structure and layering of the shingle-like scales also help to absorb sun light, heat, repel water, and are self cleaning. Scientists and engineers are studying these wings in attempt to utilize them in solar panels, paper currency, and fabrics.
