Establishment of Padma Bhushan and Bharat Ratna Award: History of Today
India is a land of rich cultural heritage and diverse achievements, and it has always honored individuals who have contributed significantly to the nation. Among the highest civilian awards in the country are the Bharat Ratna and the Padma Bhushan, which recognize exceptional service in various fields. These awards not only celebrate personal excellence but also reflect the collective pride of the nation. This article delves into the history, significance, and establishment of these prestigious honors.
The Bharat Ratna: India's Highest Civilian Award
Origins and Establishment
The Bharat Ratna, meaning "Jewel of India," is the highest civilian award of the Republic of India. Instituted on January 2, 1954, by the first President of India, Dr. Rajendra Prasad, this award aims to recognize exceptional service or performance of the highest order, regardless of race, occupation, or gender.
Initially, the Bharat Ratna was limited to achievements in the fields of art, literature, science, and public services. However, in 2011, the criteria were broadened to include "any field of human endeavor," which opened up for more diverse personalities to be included.
First Winners of Bharat Ratna
The first Bharat Ratna awards were given in 1954 to three great personalities:
C. Rajagopalachari – India's last Governor-General
Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan – Philosopher and statesman, later the second President of India
Sir C.V. Raman – Nobel Laureate in Physics
These individuals set the precedent for excellence and dedication to national progress.
Padma Bhushan: Honoring Distinguished Service
Establishment and Purpose
It was on January 2, 1954, that the Padma Bhushan was instituted along with the Bharat Ratna and Padma Vibhushan. The ranking of the Padma awards falls third. It comes after the Padma Vibhushan and precedes the Padma Shri. It is awarded for distinguished service of a high order in any field. This includes arts, literature, science, politics, and public services.
The Padma awards were temporarily withdrawn between 1977 and 1980 as the government reviewed their relevance. However, realizing the importance of these awards in motivating citizens and acknowledging exceptional work, the awards were reinstated. Thousands of people have been rewarded for their contributions to India and humanity over the years.
Bharat Ratna vs. Padma Bhushan
While both awards celebrate excellence, they differ in prestige, selection, and the level of service they acknowledge:
Bharat Ratna is the highest civilian honor, given for exceptional service of the highest order.
Padma Bhushan ranks lower but still recognizes distinguished contributions across various fields.
Bharat Ratna recipients are limited in number per year (a maximum of three), whereas more Padma Bhushan awards can be conferred annually.
Notable Recipients and Their Contributions
Both the awards have been given to several great persons in the last few decades.
Some of the Bharat Ratna recipients are:
Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam, 2004: Former President and renowned scientist
Nelson Mandela, 1990: Former President of South Africa and anti-apartheid revolutionary
Lata Mangeshkar, 2001: Legendary playback singer
The following persons received Padma Bhushan awards:
Amitabh Bachchan, 2001: Bollywood icon
Mary Kom, 2013: Champion boxer and Olympian
Narayana Murthy (2008) – Co-founder of Infosys and a pioneer in the IT industry
The formation of these awards is a testimony to India's reverence for skill and hard work. They have inspired the future generations, who are reminded to work hard and not give up, but strive for society's betterment.
These awards further help India develop its national identity by promoting the values and dreams of the nation through such persons.
The introduction of the Bharat Ratna and Padma Bhushan on 2nd January 1954 marks a prominent event in India's history. These awards continue to celebrate the achievements of those who dedicate their lives to the betterment of society and the nation. As India progresses, these honours remain as testaments to the continued spirit of excellence and service.
For more information, visit here Aaj Ka Itihas 2 January 2025: Padma Vibhushan & Bharat Ratna Established.
