#pathophysiology notes

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True/False: Chronic diseases develop gradually.

True

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Symptomatic Hyperglycemia

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Acetylcholine

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Hypokalemia Causes

-- gastrointestinal issues

-- periodic paralysis

-- insulin excess

-- renal problems

-- hypothermia

-- aldosterone

-- Cushing's syndrome

-- diuretics

-- insufficient intake

-- alkalosis

-- elevated beta-adrenergic activity

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What Tests Look For (STIs)

Urine Test -- chlamydia -- gonorrhea

Blood Test -- HIV -- syphilis -- herpes -- hepatitis B

Swab Test -- HPV -- herpes -- chlamydia -- bacterial vaginosis -- gonorrhea -- syphilis -- trichomoniasis

Oral (Cheek) Swab Test -- HIV

Physical Exam -- warts -- bacterial vaginosis

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Coronary Artery Disease

-- results in interruption of blood flow that causes atherosclerosis

-- atherosclerosis can result in ischemia or infarction

-- inflammation attracts low-density lipoproteins and binds them

-- macrophages evelope the core of the lipoproteins and become foam cells

-- these foam cells form the fatty streaks seen in early atherosclerosis

-- the area enlarges with more low-density lipoproteins, macrophages, platelets, and smooth muscle fibers

-- these accumulate under the intima

-- the vessel narrows

-- this narrowing causes reduced blood flow and higher blood pressure in the small coronary arteries