Identifying species can be an extremely difficult job for biologists-- especially when the animal in question has too few distinguishing features, or too many. Perhaps no species demonstrates this better than Littorina saxatilis, aka the rough periwinkle snail. Due to the extreme variations in shell shape, size, and color, this species has been misidentified by taxonomists 112 times! Even today, scientists are still in dispute over whether genetically distinct populations should be considered separate species.
(Image: Six rough periwinkle snails (Littorina saxatilis) by Sue Scott)
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Bonus: check out the list of L. saxatilis' former names below the cut!
Litorina groenlandica Menke, 1830
Litorina incarnata Philippi, 1846
Litorina marmorata L. Pfeiffer, 1839
Litorina sulcata Menke, 1830
Littorina castanea Deshayes in Deshayes & Milne Edwards, 1843
Littorina danieli Locard, 1886
Littorina groenlandica (Menke, 1830)
Littorina neglecta Bean, 1844
Littorina nervillei Dautzenberg, 1893
Littorina nervillei var. major Pallary in Seurat, 1924
Littorina nigrolineata Gray, 1839
Littorina palliata var. turritella Schlesch, 1916
Littorina rudis (Maton, 1797) (synonym)
Littorina rudis f. elatior Middendorff, 1849
Littorina rudis var. albida Dautzenberg, 1887
Littorina rudis var. alticola Dacie, 1917
Littorina rudis var. aurantia Dautzenberg, 1887
Littorina rudis var. brevis Dautzenberg, 1887
Littorina rudis var. conoidea Schlesch, 1916
Littorina rudis var. fasciata Dautzenberg, 1887
Littorina rudis var. finmarchia Herzenstein, 1885
Littorina rudis var. globosa Jeffreys, 1865
Littorina rudis var. globosa Martel, 1901
Littorina rudis var. laevis Jeffreys, 1865
Littorina rudis var. major Dautzenberg & P. Fisher, 1912
Littorina rudis var. rubescens Monterosato, 1878
Littorina rudis var. scotia S.M. Smith, 1979
Littorina rudis var. similis Jeffreys, 1865
Littorina rudis var. sulcata Martel, 1901
Littorina rudis var. tenebrosapallida L.E. Adams, 1896
Littorina rudis var. tessellata Dautzenberg, 1893
Littorina saxatile La Roque, 1953
Littorina saxatile saxatile La Roque, 1953
Littorina saxatilis Johnston, 1842
Littorina saxatilis f. abbreviata Dautzenberg & P. Fisher, 1912
Littorina saxatilis f. conoidea Dautzenberg & P. Fisher, 1912
Littorina saxatilis f. elongata Dautzenberg & P. Fisher, 1912
Littorina saxatilis f. minor Dautzenberg & P. Fisher, 1912
Littorina saxatilis groenlandica (Menke, 1830)
Littorina saxatilis groenlandica var. sculpta Schlesch, 1931
Littorina saxatilis jugosa Montagu, 1803
Littorina saxatilis jugosa var. bynei Dautzenberg & P. Fisher, 1912
Littorina saxatilis jugosa var. tenuis James, 1968
Littorina saxatilis nigrolineata Gray, 1839
Littorina saxatilis rudis (Maton, 1797)
Littorina saxatilis rudis var. rudissimoides James, 1968
Littorina saxatilis scotia Graham, 1988
Littorina saxatilis tenebrosa (Montagu, 1803)
Littorina saxatilis tenebrosa var. biinterrupta Fischer-Piette & Gaillard, 1963
Littorina saxatilis tenebrosa var. bizonaria James, 1963
Littorina saxatilis tenebrosa var. elata Dautzenberg & P. Fisher, 1912
Littorina saxatilis tenebrosa var. maculata Fischer-Piette & Gaillard, 1963
Littorina saxatilis var. clarilineata Fischer-Piette & Gaillard, 1971
Littorina saxatilis var. flammulata Dautzenberg & P. Fisher, 1912
Littorina saxatilis var. fulva Dautzenberg & P. Fisher, 1912
Littorina saxatilis var. fusca Dautzenberg & P. Fisher, 1912
Littorina saxatilis var. gascae Fischer-Piette & Gaillard, 1971
Littorina saxatilis var. groenlandica (Menke, 1830)
Littorina saxatilis var. hieroglyphica Fischer-Piette, Gaillard & Jouin, 1961
Littorina saxatilis var. interrupta Fischer-Piette, Gaillard & Jouin, 1961
Littorina saxatilis var. lagunae Barnes, 1993
Littorina saxatilis var. lineata Dautzenberg & P. Fisher, 1912
Littorina saxatilis var. lugubris Dautzenberg & P. Fisher, 1912
Littorina saxatilis var. nigra Fischer-Piette & Gaillard, 1971
Littorina saxatilis var. nojensis Fischer-Piette & Gaillard, 1964
Littorina saxatilis var. rubra Fischer-Piette & Gaillard, 1971
Littorina saxatilis var. rubrolineata Fischer-Piette, Gaillard & Delmas, 1967
Littorina saxatilis var. salvati Fischer-Piette, Gaillard & Delmas, 1967
Littorina saxatilis var. sanguinea Coen, 1933
Littorina saxatilis var. sellensis Fischer-Piette & Gaillard, 1964
Littorina saxatilis var. tractibus Fischer-Piette, Gaillard & Jouin, 1961
Littorina saxatilis var. trifasciata Dautzenberg & P. Fisher, 1912
Littorina saxatilis zonata Daniel, 1883
Littorina saxoides Nardo, 1847
Littorina simplex Reeve, 1857
Littorina tenebrosa (Montagu, 1803)
Littorina tenebrosa f. elatior Middendorff, 1849
Littorina tenebrosa var. costulata Middendorff, 1849
Littorina tenebrosa var. densecostulata Middendorff, 1849
Littorina tenebrosa var. grisolacteus Middendorff, 1849
Littorina tenebrosa var. intermedia Forbes & Hanley, 1850
Littorina tenebrosa var. rubidus Middendorff, 1849
Littorina tenebrosa var. tessellatus Middendorff, 1849
Littorina tenebrosa var. zonatus Middendorff, 1849
Chesscargot: High drama at low tide - this one goes with my other coastal animal/random object glitch critters. I also did a few quick chess references in comic format. I'm not a good chess player, but I know (most of) the rules and find them delightfully quirky. Any chess master's out there who thinks of other chess oddities that would make for a good snailistration, please let me know!
1. The big slow-mo throw down - beige snails attempting a capture of the coveted high rock with the sky ablaze.
2. Knights are sneaky, slimy bastards (for non-chess players, they're the only piece that can jump). I gave the snails a nonsensical language for fun.
3. This is a weird rule that if a pawn makes it to the other side of the board they get promoted (usually to a queen).
4. I like to imagine that rooks (castles) get frustrated at the beginning of the game because they're stuck behind a line of lazy pawns.
5. When a pawn meets another pawn head-on and is stuck in place for the rest of the game (I figure they just go to sleep). I think pawns are my new favorite piece; they have a lot of personality.
6. Castling - those cowardly kings. This is one of those chess rules that seems like someone just thought of it on the fly "Yeah, uh... there's this other rule I forgot to tell you..."