Though Princeton University’s current grading system is more or less on par with most educational institutions in the United States now, this is only one of many systems we’ve used. In the 1870s, class averages were capped at 85, which was not a percentage--100 simply meant the student was the best in the course, and 85 meant an exact middle ranking. (To make matters a little more confusing, the red numbers circled in this sample page from the Registrar’s grade book for 1877 appear to refer to overall ranking within ones graduating class, not a specific course average; for the overall ranking, a lower number meant a higher ranking.) The Princetonian called for a more objective standard on January 11, 1877.