#reva studies

[sacrificial-canary]

chemistry p1 (what i need to revise)

EQUASIONS FUCKING EQUASIONS

mass = Mr x mol

moles = conc x vol

mass = conc x vol

vol = moles x 24dm^3

(mass of actual/mass of theoretical product) x 100 = percentage yield

atom economy = (Mr of desired product/Mr of total reactants) x 100

bond energy changes = total energy from breakig bonds [reactants]- total energy from making bonds [products]

Rf just needs to be less than 1 so you can figure that out by moving numbers, solvent line is bigger than how much the ink moved.

1dm^3= 1000cm^3

volume (dm^3)= mol x 24

volume (cm^3)= mol x 24000

mol = (conc x vol)/1000

percentage mass of element in compound= (Ar x #elements in compound/Mr of compound) x100

history of the atom

john dalton- solid spheres

jj thompson- plum pudding

rutherford- nuclear model without shells without neutrons

bohr- shells

chadwick - neutrons

quant chem-

avogadros number- 6.02x10^23

volume of gas= (mass/Mr) x 24

chemical changes-

titration indicator- phenolphthalein. pink in alkali, colourless in acidic.

STRONG ACIDS FULLY IONISE IN WATER

WEAK ACIDS PARTIALLY IONISE IN WATER

the pH of an acid is a measure of the concentration of H+ ions in the solution.

for every DECREASE of pH, conc of h+ ions increase my an order of 10

acid STRENGTH is the proportion of acid molecules ionise in water

acid CONCENTRATION is how much acid there is in proportion to the solution. eg how watered down it is.

pH depends on concentration, not strength.

in an aqueous solution for electrolysis- if the metal is MORE reactive than hydrogen, hydrogen will be produced at the positive cathode. if its LESS reactive than hydrogen, the metal will be produced.

If its a HALOGEN (Cl, Br, I), that will be produced at the anode. or else OH ions will be discharged and OXYGEN will be produced.

[sacrificial-canary]

okok its 4pm im gonna go cut my oranges and then revision until 6pm and then break until 630 and then revision 630 to 730 pm and then (hopefully) dinner but if not then break and then dinner and then more revision until 930 and then long break until 1030/11pm then sleep okay? okay.

[sacrificial-canary]

Biology (paper 1)

enzymes

every enzyme has an ACTIVE SITE which fits 1 type of substrate, lock and key, the active site and substrate are SPECIFIC AND COMPLAMENTARY. They are made up of AMINO ACIDS. it is a biological catalyst.

Amylase- made in SALIVARY GLANDS, PANCREAS, SMALL INTESTINE. Breaks starch down into sugars.

protease- made in STOMACH, PANCREAS, SMALL INTESTINE. Breaks proteins down into amino acids.

Lipase- made in PANCREAS, SMALL INTESTINE. Breaks lipids into fatty acids and glycerol.

digestion

salivary glands- produces amylase to break down carbs.

stomach- pummels food with muscular walls, produces PEPSIN (protease enzyme), produces HCl to kill bacteria and to give the correct pH for pepsin/protease (pH2)

liver- stores BILE- neutralises stomach acid, emulsiies fats

gall bladder- stores bile until ready

pancreas- produces Amylase, Protease, Lipase for the small intestine

large intestine- excess water is absorbed

small intestine- produces Protease, amylase, and lipase, nutrients are absorbed into blood stream.

rectum- faeces leaves.

cardiovascular system

blood goes ->

-heart (deoxygenated)

-lungs (deoxy->oxy)

-heart (oxy)

-rest of the body (oxy->deoxy)

-heart (deoxy)(back to beginning)

MORE DETAIL->

In the vena cava -> through the Right Atrium -> through a valve -> through the right ventricle -> through a valve -> out of pulmonary artery -> through lungs -> in pulmonary vein -> though left atrium -> valve -> through Left ventricle -> through valve -> out aorta -> body -> in vena cava

BLUE-> PULMONARY SYSTEM + deoxegenated. RED -> SYSTEMIC + oxygenated

veIN(to the heart)-> very little muscle or elastic tissue, large lumen = lower pressure, has valves, low BP, usually deoxy.

Aretery(Away from heart) -> lots of muscle and elastic tissue, small lumen = high BP, no valves, high BP, oxy.

capillaries -> 1 cell thick walls, no muscle or elastic, very small lumen, no valves, high BP, oxy->deoxy.

CVD affects the coronary arteries

Plant tissues

epidermal tissue- covers the whole plant

palisade mesophyll- photoynthesis

spongy mesophyll- air pockets for diffusion

xylem- transpiration (water)(up the plant)

phloem- translocation (glucose and nutrients, up and down)

meristem tisse- found in tips and shoots and roots and can differentiate

Infection and response

HIV, measles, tobacco mosaic virus -> VIRIUSES

rose black spot- fungal

malaria -protist (wierd fucker)

salmonella, gonorrhea -> bacterial

preventing disease-> being hygenic, destoryng vectors (eg mosquito), isolation, vaccination.

phagocytes->phagocytosis, englufs foreign cells

lymphocytes-> first response is slow as the lymphocytes are trial and errorring the antibodies in response to foreign antigens. second response is quicker because memory cells were made the first time and now the wbc can identifiy the foreign antigens and produce the antibody quicker.

painkillers kill PAIN not bacteria

antibiotics kill BACTERIA

monoclonal antibodies->

the lymphocites that make the antibodies dont divide often so fuse it with a tumour cell so it divides quickly and makes the antibodies. the fusion cell is called a HYBRIDOMA. usually a mouse b-lymphocyte is used and purified for monoclonal antibodies

Antibodies clump foreign cells together to allow phagocytes to engulf them

A lack of nitrates in plants leads to stunted growth

a lack of magnesium leads to yellow leaves <-chlorosis

[sacrificial-canary]

hey rev what the fuck do these numbers mean

[sacrificial-canary]

okay tasks for today-

get off tumblr

tidy room/desk depending on how much i can be arsed

learn the stupid thing for physics

open blinds

eat lunch

drink water

see which poems i wanna do

sleep

[sacrificial-canary]

waooww an inspector calls really brings out the worst in my wdym i wrote "at least gerald cared about her a little bit and gave her shelter even though he groomed her" like GROSS i dont want to defend that man but your making me choose whether eric or gerald was worse i dont wannnaaaa

[sacrificial-canary]

oki locking in and carrying on journalling and also i will be typing it up here so someone holds me accountable :3

[sacrificial-canary]

time to complete '6 months' of hw in 1 night that we were given 2 weeks to complete.