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𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐓𝐫𝐚𝐝𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐒𝐚𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐜𝐫𝐮𝐳𝐚𝐧 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐅𝐥𝐨𝐫𝐞𝐬 𝐝𝐞 𝐌𝐚𝐲𝐨

Filipinos love fiestas, which are celebrated throughout the year. Across the country—especially during the summer—May stands out as the most joyful and beautiful month. It is the season of vibrant festivals, with Flores de Mayo or Santacruzan being among the most prominent. In May, there's no need to stop and smell the roses—the scent of flowers naturally fills the air in the tropical Philippines. As the long dry season ends and the rains arrive, flowers seem to bloom overnight.

Flores de Mayo and Santacruzan are two closely linked Filipino religious and cultural traditions celebrated throughout the month of May, particularly by Roman Catholic communities. Flores de Mayo, which means "Flowers of May," is a devotional practice that honors the Blessed Virgin Mary. It was introduced to the Philippines by Spanish missionaries in the 1800s and is rooted in Catholic beliefs that recognize Mary as the "Queen of May." Throughout the month, devotees—especially children—offer flowers to her image in churches or chapels, accompanied by prayers and the recitation of the Rosary. This tradition is marked by floral decorations, communal prayer, and acts of devotion.

Santacruzan, on the other hand, is the culminating event of Flores de Mayo, usually held on the last day of May. It is a religious-historical procession that commemorates the finding of the True Cross by Empress Helena (known in the procession as Reyna Elena), the mother of Roman Emperor Constantine the Great. Introduced during the Spanish colonial era, the Santacruzan features a parade of sagalas—young women dressed in formal gowns, accompanied by their consortes or escorts—who represent various biblical and allegorical figures. The procession is led by Reyna Elena, who carries a cross as a symbol of her historic discovery. Accompanied by music, lights, and elaborate arches adorned with flowers, Santacruzan has become both a religious and social event in many communities.

Santacruzan, celebrated every May during the warm summer season, is often regarded as the “Queen of Filipino Festivals.” In this vibrant and colorful procession, lovely young women from the town are chosen to take part—not just for their beauty, but for exemplifying traditional virtues of femininity.

Together, Flores de Mayo and Santacruzan reflect the deep Catholic faith of Filipinos and their love for celebration and pageantry. These traditions are only acts of devotion but also vibrant expressions of Filipino identity, fostering community participation and cultural continuity.

The following presents the chronological order or flow of the key figures featured in the Santacruzan procession, each representing significant biblical, historical, or symbolic roles in this revered religious and cultural celebration.

𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐜𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐇𝐨𝐥𝐲 𝐂𝐫𝐨𝐬𝐬:

𝑽𝒊𝒆𝒋𝒐 𝑴𝒂𝒕𝒖𝒔𝒂𝒍𝒆𝒏 (𝑴𝒆𝒕𝒉𝒖𝒔𝒆𝒍𝒂𝒉) – an old bearded man riding in a pushcart and looking preoccupied with toasting grains of sand, stones and ashes in a huge pan over a fire. This is a reminder that all that glitters will end up like what he is toasting. He represents the biblical character Methuselah, who is known for being the oldest person mentioned in the Bible, living up to 969 years. He symbolizes passage of time and mortality.

𝑹𝒆𝒊𝒏𝒂 𝒅𝒆 𝒍𝒂𝒔 𝑩𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒔/𝑹𝒆𝒊𝒏𝒂 𝑩𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒅𝒂 (𝑸𝒖𝒆𝒆𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝑭𝒍𝒂𝒈𝒔) – a young lady that bears the national emblems of the Philippines, Vatican City and Spain that symbolizes the arrival of Catholicism in the Philippines through the efforts of the Spanish Crown. She is dressed in a long red gown (sometimes a dress having the design of the Philippine flag) and carries a yellow triangular flag (sometimes the Philippine flag). She personifies Inang Bayan.

𝑹𝒆𝒊𝒏𝒂 𝒅𝒆 𝒍𝒂𝒔 𝑨𝒆𝒕𝒂𝒔/𝑹𝒆𝒊𝒏𝒂 𝒅𝒆 𝒍𝒐𝒔 𝑵𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒐𝒔 (𝑸𝒖𝒆𝒆𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝑨𝒆𝒕𝒂𝒔/𝑸𝒖𝒆𝒆𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝑵𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒔) – she is the representation of the dark-skinned indigenous peoples of the Philippines such as the Aeta and Ati. She wears native attire and accessories and carry hunting tools like bow and arrow.

𝑨𝒆𝒕𝒂𝒔 (𝑵𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒊𝒕𝒐𝒔) – they depict the situation of the indigenous people before the rediscovery of the Philippines. Aetas cover their skin with dark paint and temporary tattoo, wear native Aeta accessories and carry sport hunting tools like bow and arrow. They symbolize the state of the country before the coming of Christianity. They are the unconverted Filipino pagans and the native black people.

𝑹𝒆𝒊𝒏𝒂 𝑱𝒖𝒂𝒏𝒂 – when the foreign voyagers reached Cebu, they were welcomed by Raha Humabon together with his spouse, Hara Humamai. It was when the first baptism took place, the beginning of Christianity in our country. Therefore, the Spanish named the two Christian names: Haring Carlos at Reina Juana. As an offering, Magallanes gave Reina Juana the image of Sto. Niño. The said image is enshrined and is now known as Santo Niño de Cebu. She wears an ethnic attire of a queen and carries the image of Sto. Niño.

𝑴𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒂 𝑪𝒍𝒂𝒓𝒂 – she is a character from the novels of Dr. Jose P. Rizal, the Noli Me Tangere and the El Filibusterismo. She symbolizes the good values and characteristics of female Filipinos. She is fully dressed in Maria Clara attire and carries a Spanish-styled folding fan.

𝑫𝒂𝒓𝒂𝒈𝒂𝒏𝒈 𝑴𝒂𝒈𝒂𝒚𝒐𝒏 – she is the heroin in the legend of Mt. Mayon. She symbolizes the beauty of the female Filipinos. She carries a native fan made from anahaw leaf called abaniko.

𝑫𝒂𝒍𝒂𝒈𝒂𝒏𝒈 𝑩𝒖𝒌𝒊𝒅 (𝑳𝒂𝒅𝒊𝒆𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝑭𝒊𝒆𝒍𝒅) – three ladies who carry indigenous bilao heaving with fruits, vegetables and flowers which represents the abundant yield of farmlands during the month of May. They are fully dressed in Balintawak attire and motions as if bringing provisions to the farmers. They symbolize the typical barrio maidens.

𝐂𝐚𝐫𝐝𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐥 𝐕𝐢𝐫𝐭𝐮𝐞𝐬:

𝑹𝒆𝒊𝒏𝒂 𝑴𝒐𝒓𝒂 (𝑸𝒖𝒆𝒆𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝑴𝒐𝒐𝒓𝒔) – she symbolizes the dominant religion before the advent of Christianity in the Philippines, the Muslim (Islam) religion. She wears Islamic clothing like hijab and abaya. She personifies the cardinal virtue of fortitude.

𝑹𝒆𝒊𝒏𝒂 𝒅𝒆 𝒍𝒂 𝑱𝒖𝒔𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒊𝒂 (𝑸𝒖𝒆𝒆𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝑱𝒖𝒔𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒆) – she is the personification of the Mirror of Justice. She carries a sword on one hand and a weighing scale on the other. She has her eyes covered as a symbol of equality of all individuals in the realm of law. She is one of the four personifications of the cardinal virtue of justice.

𝑹𝒆𝒊𝒏𝒂 𝒅𝒆 𝒍𝒐𝒔 𝑨𝒃𝒐𝒈𝒂𝒅𝒐𝒔/𝑹𝒆𝒊𝒏𝒂 𝑨𝒃𝒐𝒈𝒂𝒅𝒂 (𝑸𝒖𝒆𝒆𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝑳𝒂𝒘𝒚𝒆𝒓𝒔/𝑨𝒅𝒗𝒐𝒄𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒔) – she carries the book of law in her right hand which symbolizes that the Word of God is the sole guiding principle of all laws. She wears an academic gown and mortarboard (academic cap) to signify her proficiency and competence to defend the poor and the oppressed. She is one of the four personifications of the cardinal virtue of justice.

𝑹𝒆𝒊𝒏𝒂 𝑺𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒊𝒂𝒅𝒂 (𝑸𝒖𝒆𝒆𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝑪𝒐𝒏𝒗𝒊𝒄𝒕𝒆𝒅 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑺𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆𝒅) – her slim hands are in fetters of iron. She symbolizes the innocents who has been convicted and sentenced to death. She wears a blindfold and being accompanied by two Roman Soldiers. She is one of the four personifications of the cardinal virtue of justice.

𝑹𝒆𝒊𝒏𝒂 𝑪𝒐𝒏𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒂𝒅𝒂 (𝑸𝒖𝒆𝒆𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝑪𝒐𝒏𝒅𝒆𝒎𝒏𝒆𝒅) – largely discredited by modern scholars has it that she is Judith sentenced for Holofernes’ decapitation. She symbolizes the depressed that has been condemned guilty and she has not been in a peaceful mind. She is portrayed to be crying and out of her mind. She is last personification of the cardinal virtue of justice.

𝑹𝒆𝒊𝒏𝒂 𝑬𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒓 (𝑸𝒖𝒆𝒆𝒏 𝑬𝒔𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒓) – the Jewish woman who saved her people faced with annihilation through the intervention with King Xerxes. She symbolizes delicate balancing act between the ruling people. She carries an imposing golden scepter capped with the Star of David. She personifies the cardinal virtue of prudence.

𝑹𝒆𝒊𝒏𝒂 𝑱𝒖𝒅𝒊𝒕 (𝑸𝒖𝒆𝒆𝒏 𝑱𝒖𝒅𝒊𝒕𝒉) – her beauty coupled by her boldness won for her the trust of the assaulting general. She enters their camp, beheads Holofernes and brings his head home to Bethulia. She carries in her right hand a blade and a man’s head on the other. She symbolizes of the Jewish people who overcame their formidable enemy because of their trust in God. She personifies the cardinal virtue of temperance.

𝑹𝒆𝒊𝒏𝒂 𝒅𝒆 𝒍𝒂 𝑳𝒊𝒃𝒆𝒓𝒕𝒂𝒅 (𝑸𝒖𝒆𝒆𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝑳𝒊𝒃𝒆𝒓𝒕𝒚) – she stands for freedom and sovereignty. She carries a lighted torch on one hand and a book on the other. She personifies the cardinal virtue of liberty.

𝑹𝒆𝒊𝒏𝒂 𝑺𝒐𝒇𝒊𝒂 (𝑸𝒖𝒆𝒆𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝑾𝒊𝒔𝒅𝒐𝒎) – the mother of Fe, Esperanza and Caridad. She died three days after the martyrdom of her daughters while praying at their graves. She carries an owl that symbolizes wisdom. She personifies the cardinal virtue of wisdom.

𝐓𝐡𝐞𝐨𝐥𝐨𝐠𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐕𝐢𝐫𝐭𝐮𝐞𝐬:

𝑹𝒆𝒊𝒏𝒂 𝑭𝒆, 𝑹𝒆𝒊𝒏𝒂 𝑬𝒔𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒛𝒂 𝒚 𝑹𝒆𝒊𝒏𝒂 𝑪𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒅𝒂𝒅 (𝑸𝒖𝒆𝒆𝒏𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝑭𝒂𝒊𝒕𝒉, 𝑯𝒐𝒑𝒆 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑪𝒉𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒕𝒚) – they were the daughters of Sofia, a widow in Rome. They suffered martyrdom during Hadrian’s persecution of Christians. They carry a cross, an anchor, and a heart, respectively. They personify the theological virtues of faith, hope and charity.

𝐎𝐥𝐝 𝐓𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐓𝐢𝐦𝐞𝐬:

𝑹𝒆𝒊𝒏𝒂 𝒅𝒆 𝑺𝒂𝒃𝒂 (𝑸𝒖𝒆𝒆𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝑺𝒉𝒆𝒃𝒂) – she is described to visit King Solomon. She came to 'test him with hard questions' - she wanted to know whether he was really as wise as they said he was. Posterity has remembered her for the rich gifts she brought with her: spices, gold and precious stones - gifts that lend her a kind of oriental exoticism. In medieval Christianity she is part of the legend of the true cross. She carries a jewelry box or a golden vessel packed with jewels.

𝑯𝒂𝒈𝒂𝒓 – she is Sarah’s Egyptian maidservant and the mother of Ishmael by Abraham. She carries a clay jar or water vessel and accompanied by a child representing Ishmael. She is a symbol of resilience, particularly among the marginalized.

𝑹𝒆𝒃𝒆𝒄𝒄𝒂 – she is the wife of Isaac and the mother of Esau and Jacob. She wears modest biblical garments with a veil that symbolizes grace, modesty, and strength. She carries a pitcher representing the scene where she gave water to Abraham’s servant and his camels.

𝑴𝒊𝒓𝒊𝒂𝒎 – she is a prophetess and the sister of Moses and Aaron. She carries a tambourine that symbolizes leadership.

𝑫𝒆𝒃𝒐𝒓𝒂 (𝑫𝒆𝒃𝒐𝒓𝒂𝒉) – she is the only female judge in the Ancient Israel. She carries a scroll of law that symbolizes just decision.

𝑹𝒂𝒉𝒂𝒃 – she is the prostitute who helped the spies send by Joshua. She carries a red cord that symbolizes helpfulness.

𝑹𝒖𝒕𝒉 𝒚 𝑵𝒂𝒐𝒎𝒊 (𝑹𝒖𝒕𝒉 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑵𝒂𝒐𝒎𝒊) – the Book of Ruth tells the story about a Hebrew woman named Ruth and her daughter-in-law named Naomi who was living during the period of the judges prior to the establishment of the monarchy. They carry a cluster or sheaf of wheat or grain that symbolizes the unity within a family.

𝐍𝐞𝐰 𝐓𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐄𝐩𝐨𝐜𝐡:

𝑺𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒂 𝑷𝒉𝒐𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒂 𝒅𝒆 𝑺𝒂𝒎𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒂/𝑺𝒂𝒎𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒂 (𝑳𝒂𝒅𝒚 𝑺𝒂𝒎𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒕𝒂𝒏) – the woman from Sychar with whom Jesus talked at the well. She carries a jug of water.

𝑺𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒂 𝑽𝒆𝒓𝒐𝒏𝒊𝒄𝒂 (𝑺𝒂𝒊𝒏𝒕 𝑽𝒆𝒓𝒐𝒏𝒊𝒄𝒂) – the woman of Jerusalem who wiped the face of Christ with a veil while he was on the way to Calvary. According to tradition, the cloth was imprinted with the image of Christ's face. She carries a bandana imprinted with the three faces of the Christ.

𝑺𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒂𝒔 𝑴𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒂 𝒚 𝑴𝒂𝒓𝒕𝒂 𝒅𝒆 𝑩𝒆𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒊𝒂 (𝑺𝒂𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒔 𝑴𝒂𝒓𝒚 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑴𝒂𝒓𝒕𝒉𝒂 𝒐𝒇 𝑩𝒆𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒏𝒚) – Mary and Martha lived with their brother Lazarus at Bethany, a village not far from Jerusalem. Mary sat at Jesus' feet and listened to Him while her sister Martha busied herself with preparing food and waiting on the guests, and when Martha complained, Jesus said that Mary had chosen the better part. On the basis of these incidents, many Christian writers have seen Mary as representing Contemplation (prayer and devotion), and Martha as representing Action (good works, helping others); or love of God and love of neighbor respectively. Mary carries a bottle of wine and Martha carries a basket of bread.

𝑺𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒂 𝑴𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒂 𝑱𝒖𝒂𝒏𝒂 (𝑺𝒂𝒊𝒏𝒕 𝑴𝒂𝒓𝒚 𝑱𝒂𝒄𝒐𝒃𝒆) – she was the wife of Chuza, steward of King Herod Antipas, tetrarch of Galilee. She was one of the women who helped provide for Jesus and the apostles, and one of the very few who discovered the empty tomb of Jesus on the first Easter morning. She carries a bunch of broomsticks.

𝑺𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒂 𝑴𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒂 𝑺𝒂𝒍𝒐𝒎𝒆, 𝑴𝒂𝒅𝒓𝒆 𝒅𝒆 𝑺𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒊𝒂𝒈𝒐 𝒚 𝑱𝒖𝒂𝒏 (𝑺𝒂𝒊𝒏𝒕 𝑴𝒂𝒓𝒚 𝑺𝒂𝒍𝒐𝒎𝒆, 𝑴𝒐𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝑱𝒂𝒎𝒆𝒔 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑱𝒐𝒉𝒏) – according to the medieval Golden Legend, the Virgin's mother, St. Anne, was married three times and bore two other daughters named Mary. Mary Salome was the wife of Zebedee and mother of apostles James and John (therefore, our Lord’s cousins). She was present during the crucifixion and was one of the women who discovered the empty tomb of his nephew. She carries a thurible where incense is burned.

𝑺𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒂 𝑴𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒂 𝑪𝒍𝒆𝒐𝒇𝒆 (𝑺𝒂𝒊𝒏𝒕 𝑴𝒂𝒓𝒚 𝑪𝒍𝒆𝒐𝒇𝒆) – she was also a part of Jesus’ extended family. She was the Blessed Mother’s sister along with Mary Salome. She was the wife of Clopas and mother of James the younger. She was also present during the crucifixion and accompanied Mary Magdalene to the tomb of Christ on the first Easter. She carries a lamp of oil.

𝑺𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒂 𝑴𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒂 𝑴𝒂𝒈𝒅𝒂𝒍𝒆𝒏𝒂 (𝑺𝒂𝒊𝒏𝒕 𝑴𝒂𝒓𝒚 𝑴𝒂𝒈𝒅𝒂𝒍𝒆𝒏𝒆/𝑺𝒂𝒊𝒏𝒕 𝑴𝒂𝒓𝒚 𝒐𝒇 𝑴𝒂𝒈𝒅𝒂𝒍𝒂) – a woman from Magdala on the western shore of the Sea of Galilee near Tiberias. She became a follower of Christ. Most scholars contend that she was the most important woman disciple in the movement of Jesus. Tradition has labeled her a prostitute, but there is nothing in the Bible to support this view and much to dispute it. She was identified with the sinful woman who anointed Christ's feet at the house of Simon the Pharisee. She carries a bottle of perfume.

𝑺𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒂 𝑴𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒂, 𝑴𝒂𝒅𝒓𝒆 𝒅𝒆 𝑫𝒊𝒐𝒔 (𝑽𝒊𝒓𝒈𝒊𝒏 𝑴𝒂𝒓𝒚, 𝑴𝒐𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝑮𝒐𝒅) – the Blessed Virgin Mary of Galilee was chosen by the Holy Spirit to become the mother of the Redeemer. She wear a white gown or tunic with light blue veil or mantle. She carries basket full of fruits that symbolizes the "fruit of her womb"—Jesus Christ. It also represents spiritual fruits (love, joy, peace, patience, etc.) or abundance and blessings.

𝑴𝒖𝒋𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒔 𝒅𝒆 𝑱𝒆𝒓𝒖𝒔𝒂𝒍𝒆𝒏 (𝑾𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝑱𝒆𝒓𝒖𝒔𝒂𝒍𝒆𝒎) – a group of women walking together in the procession symbolizing their shared sorrow and spiritual solidarity with Jesus during His Passion. They carry vase of flowers that symbolize mourning, compassion, and prayer for Christ and jars or vessels representing anointing oil, tears, or acts of service.

𝑨𝒓𝒎𝒂 𝑪𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒊 (𝑹𝒆𝒍𝒊𝒄𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝑷𝒂𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏) – ladies each carrying an instrument associated with the Passion of Jesus Christ:

Cross

Crown of Thorns

Pillar (Column)

Scourge

Holy Sponge

Holy Lance

Nails

Reed

Purple Robe of Mockery

Titulus Crucis (INRI)

Holy Grail

Seamless Robe of Jesus

Dice

Rooster

Vessel of Gall and Vinegar

Ropes

Ladder

Hammer

Pincers

Myrrh

Shroud

Sun and Moon

Thirty Pieces of Silver (Money Bag)

Hands

Chain (Cords)

Lantern (Torches)

Sword

Trumpet

𝐕𝐢𝐫𝐠𝐢𝐧 𝐒𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐖𝐢𝐝𝐨𝐰𝐬:

𝑺𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒂 𝑨𝒏𝒂 (𝑺𝒂𝒊𝒏𝒕 𝑨𝒏𝒏𝒆) – she is the mother of Blessed Virgin Mary. She is accompanied by a young girl that symbolizes Mary, mother of Christ.

𝑺𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒂 𝑰𝒏𝒆𝒔 (𝑺𝒂𝒊𝒏𝒕 𝑨𝒈𝒏𝒆𝒔) – she carries a lamb.

𝑺𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒂 𝑪𝒆𝒄𝒊𝒍𝒊𝒂 (𝑺𝒂𝒊𝒏𝒕 𝑪𝒆𝒄𝒊𝒍𝒆) – she carries a harp.

𝑺𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒂 𝑪𝒂𝒕𝒂𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒂 (𝑺𝒂𝒊𝒏𝒕 𝑪𝒂𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒏𝒆) – she carries a wooden breaking wheel.

𝑺𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒂 𝑨𝒏𝒂𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒔𝒊𝒂 (𝑺𝒂𝒊𝒏𝒕 𝑨𝒏𝒂𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒔𝒊𝒂) – she carries a medicine pot.

𝑺𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒂 𝑱𝒖𝒂𝒏𝒂 𝒅’𝑨𝒓𝒄𝒐 (𝑺𝒂𝒊𝒏𝒕 𝑱𝒐𝒂𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝑨𝒓𝒄) – a courageous young lady that lead an army of believers to numerous victories. She symbolizes the virtue of courage and bravery. She carries a sword.

𝑺𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒂 𝑩𝒆𝒓𝒏𝒂𝒓𝒅𝒊𝒕𝒂 (𝑺𝒂𝒊𝒏𝒕 𝑩𝒆𝒓𝒏𝒂𝒅𝒆𝒕𝒕𝒆) – she carries a rosary that symbolizes the time that she saw the Blessed Virgin Mary in a grotto.

𝑴𝒂𝒅𝒓𝒆 𝑻𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒂 (𝑴𝒐𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒓 𝑻𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒂) – she carries a tray of fruits that symbolizes the charity works that she has done to the poor.

𝐇𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐅𝐢𝐠𝐮𝐫𝐞𝐬:

𝑷𝒓𝒊𝒏𝒄𝒆𝒔𝒂 𝑫𝒊𝒂𝒏𝒂 𝒅𝒆 𝑾𝒂𝒍𝒆𝒔 (𝑷𝒓𝒊𝒏𝒄𝒆𝒔𝒔 𝑫𝒊𝒂𝒏𝒂 𝒐𝒇 𝑾𝒂𝒍𝒆𝒔) – she wears a modern casual gown. Her highness symbolizes nobility.

𝑹𝒆𝒊𝒏𝒂 𝑴𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒂 𝑨𝒏𝒕𝒐𝒏𝒊𝒆𝒕𝒂 (𝑸𝒖𝒆𝒆𝒏 𝑴𝒂𝒓𝒚 𝑨𝒏𝒕𝒐𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒕𝒕𝒆) – a queen of France and Navarre and was married to Louis XVI of France. She wears a French gown and a diamond necklace.

𝑹𝒆𝒊𝒏𝒂 𝑪𝒍𝒆𝒐𝒑𝒂𝒕𝒓𝒂 (𝑸𝒖𝒆𝒆𝒏 𝑪𝒍𝒆𝒐𝒑𝒂𝒕𝒓𝒂) – a historical queen of Egypt and became the wife of Mark Anthony. She symbolizes richness and wealth. She wears an Egyptian costume and a headdress bedecked by beads and pearls.

𝐏𝐚𝐦𝐚𝐲𝐚𝐧𝐚𝐧 (𝐌𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐚𝐧 𝐃𝐨𝐠𝐦𝐚):

𝑷𝒂𝒎𝒂𝒚𝒂𝒏𝒂𝒏 𝑰𝒏𝒎𝒂𝒄𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒅𝒂 - she is the representation of the Immaculate Conception. She carries the immaculate heart of Mary. It retells the story of the proclamation of the Said Dogma on December 8, 1854. She wears an aureole headdress with twelve stars forming a crown.

𝑷𝒂𝒎𝒂𝒚𝒂𝒏𝒂𝒏 𝒍𝒂 𝑵𝒂𝒗𝒂𝒍 - she is the representation of Our Lady of the Rosary. She carries a rosary. She is included in the Santacruzan because of its sister title, Reina del Santisimo Rosario, and because of the miraculous story of the victory of the Catholics over the Turkish Moslems in the Battle of Lepanto on October 7, 1571, and the victory of the Filipinos and Spaniards over the Dutch on the Battle of La Naval de Manila on March 15, 1646 - October 4, 1646.

𝑷𝒂𝒎𝒂𝒚𝒂𝒏𝒂𝒏 𝑨𝒔𝒖𝒏𝒄𝒊𝒐𝒏 - she is the representation of the Assumption of Mary. She carries fluer-de-lys. It also retells the story of the proclamation of the Said Dogma on November 1, 1950.

𝑷𝒂𝒎𝒂𝒚𝒂𝒏𝒂𝒏 𝒅𝒆𝒍 𝑪𝒂𝒓𝒎𝒆𝒏 - she is the representation of Our Lady of Mount Carmel who appeared to Saint Simon Stock in Mount Carmel in Israel on July 16, 1251. She carries the scapular of Mt. Carmel. She is the first ever title in the Santacruzan, named after Our Lady of Mt. Carmel, who kept the promise of the Mt. Carmel Scapular, Saying "Whosoever Dies, Vested in this Scapular, Shall Never Suffer Fires of Hell".

𝑷𝒂𝒎𝒂𝒚𝒂𝒏𝒂𝒏 𝒅𝒆 𝒍𝒂 𝑷𝒂𝒛 - she is the representation of Our Lady of Peace. She carries a dove. She is Included in the Santacruzan because of its sister title, Reina de la Paz, who carries the same attribute, the dove, symbol of world peace.

𝑷𝒂𝒎𝒂𝒚𝒂𝒏𝒂𝒏 𝑭𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒂 - she is the representation of Our Lady of Fatima who appeared to three children of Fatima, Portugal, namely the Saints Francisco and Jacinta Marto, and Servant of God Sister Lucia on May 13, 1917. She carries a rosary and wears a crucifix necklace.

𝑷𝒂𝒎𝒂𝒚𝒂𝒏𝒂𝒏 𝑳𝒐𝒖𝒓𝒅𝒆𝒔 - she is the representation of Our Lady of Lourdes who appeared to Saint Bernadette Soubirous in Lourdes, France on February 11, 1858. She carries a large rosary.

𝑷𝒂𝒎𝒂𝒚𝒂𝒏𝒂𝒏 𝑮𝒖𝒂𝒅𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒑𝒆 - she is the representation of Our Lady of Guadalupe who Appeared to Saint Juan Diego in Guadalupe, Mexico on December 9, 1531. She wears an aureole headdress with the rays of the sun behind throughout her body.

𝑷𝒂𝒎𝒂𝒚𝒂𝒏𝒂𝒏 𝑷𝒆𝒏𝒂 𝒅𝒆 𝑭𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒊𝒂/𝑷𝒆𝒏𝒂𝒇𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒊𝒂 - she is the representation of Our Lady of Peñafrancia who appeared to Simón Vela on May 13, 1434 and whose devotion in the country dates from 1712. She is Patroness of the Bicol Region and its one of the oldest devotions in the nation. She wears a golden attire.

𝑷𝒂𝒎𝒂𝒚𝒂𝒏𝒂𝒏 𝑷𝒆𝒓𝒑𝒆𝒕𝒖𝒐 𝑺𝒖𝒄𝒄𝒐𝒓𝒐/𝑷𝒓𝒐𝒏𝒕𝒐 𝑺𝒖𝒄𝒄𝒐𝒓𝒐 - she is the representation of Our Lady of Perpetual Help. Indirectly she honours the icon of Our Lady of Prompt Succor of Binondo, one of the first Marian devotions in the Philippines and a popular title among the Filipino-Chinese in Manila's Binondo district. She carries a crescent moon.

𝐌𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐚𝐧 𝐓𝐢𝐭𝐥𝐞𝐬:

𝑨𝒗𝒆 𝑴𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒂 – represented by eight young girls all wearing long white dresses with wings to make them look like angels. Each one carries a letter to complete the word “AVE MARIA”.

𝑫𝒊𝒗𝒊𝒏𝒂 𝑷𝒂𝒔𝒕𝒐𝒓𝒂 (𝑫𝒊𝒗𝒊𝒏𝒆 𝑺𝒉𝒆𝒑𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒅𝒆𝒔𝒔) – she wears a big sombrero and carries a shepherdess’ staff and a lamb that symbolizes Mary as the mother of Christ, the Lamb of God.

𝑨𝒔𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒐 𝒅𝒆 𝒍𝒂 𝑺𝒂𝒃𝒊𝒅𝒖𝒓𝒊𝒂 (𝑺𝒆𝒂𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝑾𝒊𝒔𝒅𝒐𝒎) – she carries a bible that symbolizes Sedes Sapientiae, the seat of wisdom.

𝑹𝒐𝒔𝒂 𝑴𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒂 (𝑴𝒚𝒔𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒍 𝑹𝒐𝒔𝒆) – she carries a bouquet of roses that symbolizes the crown of roses given to Mary.

𝑪𝒍𝒂𝒗𝒆 𝒅𝒆𝒍 𝑪𝒊𝒆𝒍𝒐 (𝑲𝒆𝒚 𝒐𝒇 𝑯𝒆𝒂𝒗𝒆𝒏) – she carries a key that symbolizes Janua Caeli, the entrance of heaven .

𝑺𝒕𝒆𝒍𝒍𝒂 𝑴𝒂𝒕𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒂 (𝑴𝒐𝒓𝒏𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝑺𝒕𝒂𝒓) – she carries a star that symbolizes the royal crown of Mary.

𝑪𝒐𝒓𝒂𝒛𝒐𝒏 𝒅𝒆 𝑴𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒂 (𝑯𝒆𝒂𝒓𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝑴𝒂𝒓𝒚) – she carries a pink heart that symbolizes the immaculate heart of Mary.

𝑹𝒆𝒊𝒏𝒂 𝑰𝒏𝒇𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒂𝒔 (𝑸𝒖𝒆𝒆𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝑰𝒏𝒇𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒔) – she carries a child that symbolizes Christ, the Redeemer.

𝑹𝒆𝒊𝒏𝒂 𝒅𝒆 𝒍𝒐𝒔 𝑷𝒆𝒔𝒄𝒂𝒅𝒐𝒓𝒆𝒔 (𝑸𝒖𝒆𝒆𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝑭𝒊𝒔𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒔) – she carries in her right hand a cluster of newly caught fish suspended on strings and a fishing net in the other that symbolizes fishers’ thanks-giving for their good harvest.

𝑹𝒆𝒊𝒏𝒂 𝒅𝒆 𝒍𝒂 𝑺𝒆𝒍𝒗𝒂 (𝑸𝒖𝒆𝒆𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝑾𝒐𝒐𝒅𝒔 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑭𝒐𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒕) – locally known as Diwata or Devata, she is the custodian of the woods and all its inhabitants. She carries a twig enhanced with fresh green leaves. Small birds or butterflies can help augment her twig-scepter too.

𝑹𝒆𝒊𝒏𝒂 𝒅𝒆 𝒍𝒂𝒔 𝑬𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒆𝒍𝒍𝒂𝒔 (𝑸𝒖𝒆𝒆𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝑺𝒕𝒂𝒓𝒔) – she carries a wand with a star situated on its end that symbolizes one of the three major elements of the heavens, the stars.

𝑹𝒆𝒊𝒏𝒂 𝒅𝒆 𝑳𝒖𝒏𝒂 (𝑸𝒖𝒆𝒆𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝑴𝒐𝒐𝒏) – she carries as a sceptre bejewelled with a crescent moon that symbolizes the moon and its power over the seas and oceans.

𝑹𝒆𝒊𝒏𝒂 𝒅𝒆𝒍 𝑺𝒐𝒍 (𝑸𝒖𝒆𝒆𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝑺𝒖𝒏) – she carries a wand capped with the emblem of the sun that symbolizes the sun which represents supremacy and physical strength and power over all creations.

𝑹𝒆𝒊𝒏𝒂 𝒅𝒆𝒍 𝑴𝒖𝒏𝒅𝒐 (𝑸𝒖𝒆𝒆𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝑾𝒐𝒓𝒍𝒅) – she carries a globe that symbolizes the physical world of the livings.

𝑹𝒆𝒊𝒏𝒂 𝑫𝒐𝒍𝒐𝒓𝒐𝒔𝒂 (𝑸𝒖𝒆𝒆𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝑺𝒐𝒓𝒓𝒐𝒘𝒔) – she wears a veil and a dark-colored dress and carries a heart pierced by seven swords that symbolizes the seven sorrows of Mary.

𝑹𝒆𝒊𝒏𝒂 𝑪𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒆𝒍𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒂 (𝑸𝒖𝒆𝒆𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝑪𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒍𝒆𝒔) – she carries a long lit candle that symbolizes Christ, the light.

𝑹𝒆𝒊𝒏𝒂 𝒅𝒆𝒍 𝑺𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒊𝒔𝒊𝒎𝒐 𝑹𝒐𝒔𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒐 (𝑸𝒖𝒆𝒆𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝑯𝒐𝒍𝒚 𝑹𝒐𝒔𝒂𝒓𝒚) – she carries a big rosary that symbolizes the mysteries in the life of Christ.

𝑹𝒆𝒊𝒏𝒂 𝒅𝒆 𝒍𝒂 𝑷𝒂𝒛 (𝑸𝒖𝒆𝒆𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝑷𝒆𝒂𝒄𝒆) – she carries a dove that symbolizes peace and the gifts of Holy Spirit.

𝑹𝒆𝒊𝒏𝒂 𝒅𝒆 𝒍𝒂 𝑪𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒂𝒄𝒊𝒐𝒏 (𝑸𝒖𝒆𝒆𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝑪𝒐𝒎𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒕) – she is the giver of hope for all the hopeless and weak-spirited. She, accompanied by an angel, makes sure that she is able to help and guide the less fortunate children toward a better life and a brighter future.

𝑹𝒆𝒊𝒏𝒂 𝒅𝒆 𝑽𝒆𝒓𝒅𝒂𝒅 (𝑸𝒖𝒆𝒆𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝑻𝒓𝒖𝒕𝒉) – she holds the bible that will bring the good news to all those people who will follow the commandments of God.

𝑹𝒆𝒊𝒏𝒂 𝒅𝒆 𝑽𝒊𝒅𝒂 (𝑸𝒖𝒆𝒆𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝑳𝒊𝒇𝒆) – she is an advocate of life. She carries the image of Divino Niño Jesus, which represents His continuous protection for every creation that exists on Earth.

𝑹𝒆𝒊𝒏𝒂 𝒅𝒆𝒍 𝑨𝒎𝒐𝒓 (𝑸𝒖𝒆𝒆𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝑳𝒐𝒗𝒆) – she carries a flaming heart with roses that symbolizes divine love and charity.

𝑹𝒆𝒊𝒏𝒂 𝒅𝒆 𝒍𝒂 𝑴𝒊𝒔𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒄𝒐𝒓𝒅𝒊𝒂 (𝑸𝒖𝒆𝒆𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝑴𝒆𝒓𝒄𝒚) – she carries a heart with rays that represents Mary’s mercy and compassion.

𝑹𝒆𝒊𝒏𝒂 𝒅𝒆 𝒍𝒂 𝑳𝒖𝒛 (𝑸𝒖𝒆𝒆𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝑳𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕) – she carries a torch or a lantern that symbolizes guidance and spiritual illumination.

𝑹𝒆𝒊𝒏𝒂 𝒅𝒆 𝒍𝒂 𝑮𝒓𝒂𝒄𝒊𝒂 (𝑸𝒖𝒆𝒆𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝑮𝒓𝒂𝒄𝒆) – she carries a bouquet of white lilies and a gracefully flowing veil that symbolizes Mary as full of grace.

𝑹𝒆𝒊𝒏𝒂 𝒅𝒆 𝒍𝒂 𝑯𝒖𝒎𝒊𝒍𝒅𝒂𝒅 (𝑸𝒖𝒆𝒆𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝑯𝒖𝒎𝒊𝒍𝒊𝒕𝒚) – she carries a dove that represents Mary’s humility and obedience.

𝑹𝒆𝒊𝒏𝒂 𝒅𝒆 𝒍𝒂 𝑨𝒍𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒊𝒂 (𝑸𝒖𝒆𝒆𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝑱𝒐𝒚) – she carries a bouquet of bright-colored flowers that symbolizes the joy of the Annunciation and the Resurrection.

𝑹𝒆𝒊𝒏𝒂 𝒅𝒆 𝒍𝒂 𝑱𝒖𝒗𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒖𝒅 (𝑸𝒖𝒆𝒆𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝒀𝒐𝒖𝒕𝒉) – she carries a bouquet of pastle-colored flowers that celebrates Mary’s example to young people. She is accompanied by young girls or boys that symbolizes the next generation of faithful.

𝑹𝒆𝒊𝒏𝒂 𝒅𝒆𝒍 𝑴𝒆𝒅𝒊𝒐 𝑨𝒎𝒃𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒆 (𝑸𝒖𝒆𝒆𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝑬𝒏𝒗𝒊𝒓𝒐𝒏𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕) – she carries a plant or a garland of green leaves. She is a contemporary addition honoring the stewardship of all creation.

𝑹𝒆𝒊𝒏𝒂 𝒅𝒆 𝒍𝒂 𝑺𝒂𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒅𝒂 𝑭𝒂𝒎𝒊𝒍𝒊𝒂 (𝑸𝒖𝒆𝒆𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝑯𝒐𝒍𝒚 𝑭𝒂𝒎𝒊𝒍𝒚) – she carries the image of the Holy Family, the ideal model of every family nucleus, the incarnation of love, mercy, humility.

𝑹𝒆𝒊𝒏𝒂 𝒅𝒆 𝒍𝒐𝒔 𝑺𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒐𝒔 (𝑸𝒖𝒆𝒆𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝑺𝒂𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒔) – she carries a golden wreath of olive that symbolizes the crown of the saints.

𝑹𝒆𝒊𝒏𝒂 𝒅𝒆 𝒍𝒂𝒔 𝑽𝒊𝒓𝒈𝒆𝒏𝒆𝒔 (𝑸𝒖𝒆𝒆𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝑽𝒊𝒓𝒈𝒊𝒏𝒔) – she carries a lily and also escorted by two little angels that symbolizes chastity.

𝑹𝒆𝒊𝒏𝒂 𝒅𝒆 𝒍𝒐𝒔 𝑪𝒐𝒏𝒇𝒆𝒔𝒐𝒓𝒆𝒔 (𝑸𝒖𝒆𝒆𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝑪𝒐𝒏𝒇𝒆𝒔𝒔𝒐𝒓𝒔) – she carries a scroll and a lamp with purple candle that symbolizes confession, one of the Seven Sacraments.

𝑹𝒆𝒊𝒏𝒂 𝒅𝒆 𝒍𝒐𝒔 𝑴𝒂𝒓𝒕𝒊𝒓𝒆𝒔 (𝑸𝒖𝒆𝒆𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝑴𝒂𝒓𝒕𝒚𝒓𝒔) – she carries the crown of thorns and a palm branch that symbolizes the martyrs who faced death for the sake of their faith.

𝑹𝒆𝒊𝒏𝒂 𝒅𝒆 𝒍𝒐𝒔 𝑨𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒕𝒐𝒍𝒆𝒔 (𝑸𝒖𝒆𝒆𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝑨𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒕𝒍𝒆𝒔) – she carries a replica of the St. Peter's Basilica of Vatican that symbolizes the triumph of the apostles and priesthood.

𝑹𝒆𝒊𝒏𝒂 𝒅𝒆 𝒍𝒐𝒔 𝑷𝒓𝒐𝒇𝒆𝒕𝒂𝒔 (𝑸𝒖𝒆𝒆𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝑷𝒓𝒐𝒑𝒉𝒆𝒕𝒔) – she carries an hourglass that symbolizes the prophets that foresee the coming of Christ.

𝑹𝒆𝒊𝒏𝒂 𝒅𝒆 𝒍𝒐𝒔 𝑷𝒂𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒂𝒔 (𝑸𝒖𝒆𝒆𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝑷𝒂𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒉𝒔) – she carries a wooden papal cross that symbolizes the patriarchs' authority and superiority.

𝑹𝒆𝒊𝒏𝒂 𝒅𝒆 𝒍𝒐𝒔 𝑨𝒏𝒈𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒔 (𝑸𝒖𝒆𝒆𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝑨𝒏𝒈𝒆𝒍𝒔) – a winged lady wearing a white celestial-themed gown and being surrounded by two little angels. She represents Mary’s spiritual queenship and her closeness to God and the angelic realm.

𝑹𝒆𝒊𝒏𝒂 𝒅𝒆 𝒍𝒂𝒔 𝑭𝒍𝒐𝒓𝒆𝒔 (𝑸𝒖𝒆𝒆𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝑭𝒍𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒓𝒔) – she carries a bouquet of flowers that symbolizes femininity. She represents the beauty, grace, and devotion of the Virgin Mary and embodies the faithful’s love and offering to the Virgin Mary through flowers—symbols of purity, sacrifice, and joy.

𝑭𝒍𝒐𝒓𝒆𝒔 𝒅𝒆 𝑴𝒂𝒚𝒐 (𝑭𝒍𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒓𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝑴𝒂𝒚) – girls wearing white dresses that carries baskets of flowers. These girls participate in the daily offering of flowers to the Virgin Mary during the month of May.

𝑹𝒆𝒊𝒏𝒂 𝒅𝒆 𝑴𝒂𝒚𝒐 (𝑸𝒖𝒆𝒆𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝑴𝒂𝒚) – she symbolizes the month of May. She carries a bouquet of mayflower. She represents Mary as the spiritual Queen of the Month of May, as well as the beauty, renewal, and grace associated with springtime and flowers.

𝑹𝒆𝒊𝒏𝒂 𝒅𝒆𝒍 𝑪𝒊𝒆𝒍𝒐 (𝑸𝒖𝒆𝒆𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝑯𝒆𝒂𝒗𝒆𝒏) – a lady wearing blue and white gown representing Mary’s queenship in heaven, highlighting her purity, motherhood, and special place in the divine plan of salvation. She carries a crown and being accompanied by two little angels.

𝐓𝐫𝐢𝐮𝐦𝐩𝐡 𝐨𝐟 𝐂𝐡𝐫𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐝𝐨𝐦:

𝑹𝒆𝒊𝒏𝒂 𝑬𝒏𝒇𝒆𝒓𝒎𝒂 (𝑸𝒖𝒆𝒆𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝑰𝒏𝒇𝒊𝒓𝒎𝒊𝒕𝒚) – she symbolizes the miracles that transpired which led to the identification of Jesus’ cross. She carries a crutch that symbolizes salvation and healing are offered to all, especially the suffering.

𝑬𝒎𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒅𝒐𝒓 𝑴𝒂𝒙𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒊𝒐 (𝑬𝒎𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒐𝒓 𝑴𝒂𝒙𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒖𝒊𝒔) – he was the nemesis of Constantine the Great in the Battle of the Milvian Bridge in 312 CE. Constantine won the battle and become the sole ruler of the Holy Roman Empire. Maxentius drowned in the Tiber during the battle. He wears a complete gladiator outfit.

𝑺𝒂𝒏 𝑴𝒂𝒄𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒐 𝒅𝒆 𝑱𝒆𝒓𝒖𝒔𝒂𝒍𝒆𝒏 (𝑺𝒂𝒊𝒏𝒕 𝑴𝒂𝒄𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒐 𝒐𝒇 𝑱𝒆𝒓𝒖𝒔𝒂𝒍𝒆𝒎) – he was the Bishop of Jerusalem from 312 – 334. Tradition ascribes to him a part in finding the true cross. According to Paulinus of Nola, he was the one who instructed that the three crosses unearthed in Jerusalem be brought to contact with the body of a dead man; the cross that restored life to the body could then be identified as the true cross of Christ. He wears a complete papal outfit.

𝑹𝒆𝒊𝒏𝒂 𝑬𝒎𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒛 (𝑸𝒖𝒆𝒆𝒏 𝑬𝒎𝒑𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒔) – Helena was just a poor servant girl who became the concubine of Constantius Chlorus, was abandoned for political reasons, but was named Augusta by her son, Constantine the Great at the beginning of his reign. Being the legendary founder of the true cross of Christ, she is hailed by the whole Christendom for her deed. She wears a long red cape and carries an orb.

𝑹𝒆𝒊𝒏𝒂 𝑬𝒍𝒆𝒏𝒂 𝒚 𝑪𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒐 𝑴𝒂𝒈𝒏𝒐 (𝑸𝒖𝒆𝒆𝒏 𝑯𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒏𝒂 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑪𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒆 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝑮𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒕) – in Vita Constantini, Eusebius maintains that at high noon, before the battle, Constantine and his army, while he was praying to the God of his father, saw a cross over the sun with the inscription In Hoc Signo Vinces (In this sign, you shall conquer). That night, Christ appeared to Him and told him to print the cross on the shields of his soldiers. His victory over Maxentius’ army led him to conversion. Her empress mother Saint Helen made one of the first pilgrimages to the Holy Land where she unearthed the relics of the passion and the true cross of Christ. Elena carries a wooden cross (without the corpus). Constantine the Great is dressed in prince’s clothes and carries a parchment in his hand that inscribes, “Edictum Mediolanense” (Edict of Milan).

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