One of the available legal instruments in Trump’s tool kit that is being frequently discussed in this discourse is the dreaded Section 301 action. This article explains the investigation and enforcement mechanism contained in Sections 301-310 of US Trade Act of 1974, which should, to a large extent, help allay the fears of Chinese exporters. The first part of the article focuses on the substantive and procedural aspects of Section 301 that the United States Trade Representative (USTR) is required to follow while investigating allegedly unfair foreign trade laws or practices. The second part describes the solitary Chinese case investigated in recent years under Section 301.