Book piracy devoted itself to reprinting cheap editions, cheaper than the originals, and the consequence was to make culture and science accessible to more people. The success of pirate publishers and the difficulty of other publishers to counteract their activities also induced the licenced publishers to eventually create cheap editions...Therefore, historically, it is precisely the difficulty of accessing knowledge that has moved people to action and generated great transformations and disruptive phenomena[...]
The phenomenon of shadow libraries, as well as the other avenues of alternative access to knowledge offered by the Internet, is the heir to book piracy...the result of the never-ending tension between intellectual freedom and the desire for open sharing of science, and the economic interests that tend to limit it….Attempts to shut [Sci-Hub] down have been unsuccessful, and, not unlike with book piracy, the more attempts to do so, the more the multiple avenues of piracy open up. However, studies show that articles downloaded from Sci-Hub receive more citations, as a consequence of being somewhat openly accessible, and thus Sci-Hub also contributes to the citation system that benefits publishers in other ways[...]
Shadow libraries operate in violation of copyright laws and especially of the power of publishers over scientific publications, which, as we have seen, is an age-old issue. The author normally cedes all reproduction rights of the article to the publisher, depriving himself of them. An author who wishes to disseminate his article through a channel other than editorial publication, perhaps open access, cannot always do so…the idea [is] given to the publisher and cannot be reproduced by the author. This violates the basic principles of science...The central problem is the actions of large oligopolistic publishers that undermine this structure, imposing unsustainable costs and conditions on libraries and authors.