#share freely

[fattilinguistici]

Questo non è un post per Toscani

Pseudosinonimia - episodio 4

Lo so, ormai ci ho preso gusto con questa rubrica – il fatto è che, in clima di massima sincerità, purtroppo per adesso è l’unica che le mie giornate (a stento) mi concedano.

Oggi accenno quindi brevemente ad una miscredenza piuttosto diffusa tra gli italiani: il fatto che codesto e questo siano sinonimi. Più precisamente, si tende a pensare che “codesto” sia una versione più forbita di “questo”.

Ecco, nulla di più erroneo!

Questo equivoco si deve alla avvenuta degradazione di quello che una volta era il sistema complesso dei dimostrativi dell’italiano (standard), che potremmo definire ternario per via dei suoi tre deittici (o forme dimostrative), per l’appunto:

questo | codesto | quello

Dunque, che differenza c’è tra queste forme?

Assai intuitivamente, questo designa un referente vicino a me che parlo, ma lontano da te che ascolti;

Codesto non significa, appunto, questo, bensì designa un referente vicino a te che ascolti, ma lontano da me che parlo;

Quello, almeno originariamente, designava invece un referente sia lontano da me che parlo, sia lontano da te che ascolti. Oggi, invece, il suo uso è stato iperesteso anche all’ex dominio di codesto.

Questo sistema ha (ormai, aveva) un suo preciso riflesso anche negli avverbi di luogo, una volta in uso come segue:

qui | costì | lì

Anche qui, come questo, credo che non abbisogni di spiegazioni;

Costì designa un punto vicino a te che ascolti, ma lontano da me che parlo, riflettendo a tutti i livelli l’uso di codesto;

Lì indica un punto lontano tanto da me che parlo, quanto da te che ascolti.

Allora, perché questo non sarebbe un post per toscani? Tendenzialmente, in Toscana si mantiene ancora questo sistema deittico (o di dimostrativi, come detto). Chi anche non lo usi, dovrebbe teoricamente almeno saper comprenderlo, quando dovesse sentirlo usare da altri. Ma ora ditemi, @ toscani, è ancora così?

[fattilinguistici]

Lo sapevate?

Spesso dietro il significato di una parola c’è una metafora (ma magari di metaforologia parleremo un’altra volta).

Comunque, mi sembra molto interessante mettere a confronto le metafore sottese da due parole più o meno sinonimiche in due lingue dalla diversa origine.

Vi riporto l’esempio di flawless, che in inglese come ben saprete è un modo per dire “perfetto”, “senza difetti”.

Dunque, attenendoci a questa parola, la perfezione consisterebbe in qualcosa che sia privo di brutture, di nei, di errori.

La parola italiano “perfetto” sottende invece una metafora leggermente diversa, anche se sovrapponibile per significato a flawless: deriva infatti dal participio passato latino perfectum del verbo latino perficio (oggi purtroppo scomparso, ma che se fosse rimasto suonerebbe grossomodo “perfare”), che significa fare fino in fondo, e quindi finire di fare qualcosa.

Dunque, se qualcosa di flawless è privo di sbavature, una cosa perfecta è invece compiuta, finita, non ulteriormente migliorabile perché ultimata.

Ecco come da un significato comune si possono ricavare, a partire da due lingue distinte, due metafore retrostanti leggermente divergenti.

[argyle-s]

My hand slipped...

[fattilinguistici]

An Italian useful idiom for foreign followers!

far pace col cervello (lit. to make peace with one’s brain, usually derogatory). This phrase is slang for:

to be consistent with one’s choices, to make a decision and act accordingly

e.g.:“Deve far pace col cervello”

Tr: “He/she needs to be consistent, act consistently”

(when saying this, one is usually reproaching the recipient of the phrase).

If you happen to use this phrase in an informal context, it will immediately make you sound really natural, like you’ve been living in Italy for a couple of years already.

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[deadofnothing]

PirateBox - Share freely

[luxurylimousinerentalts]

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