Hi guys! Today we’re going to be starting disease of the day! This is a segment that I’m going to be starting to frequently talk about different rare diseases. You may be familiar with some, but I’m hoping you will still be able to learn something new!
The first disease that I’m going to talk about is spina bifida. Many of you may have heard of this disease before but I’m going to go more in depth about the causes, symptoms and treatments.
Spina bifida is a type of neural tube defect that affects the spine. This condition occurs when the spinal cord does not form and close as it normally should. Spina bifida can often be diagnosed during pregnancy through different screenings tests or at birth. Milder forms may not be diagnosed until later in childhood or adulthood.
There are three common types of spina bifida: spina bifida occulta, meningocele, and myelomeningocele. Myelomeningocele is the most serious type of spina bifida. This occurs when a sac of fluid forms in an opening in the baby’s back with the spinal cord and leads to sever disabilities throughout the person’s life. Meningocele is a less serious form of spina bifida when a sac of fluid comes through the baby’s back but the spinal cord is not included. This normally does not cause much damage with only minor disabilities. Spina bifida occulta is the mildest form where there is a small gap in the spine but there is no sac of fluid. This often does not cause disabilities and sometimes is not even found until later into childhood or adulthood.
The causes of spina bifida are somewhat unclear. It is believed that there are specific genetic factors as well as some possible environmental factors. While these need to be studied further, it is possible for pregnant women to reduce the risk of having a baby with spina bifida. It is recommended that pregnant women take folic acid supplements to help reduce the risk of their baby being born with spina bifida since this condition occurs in the first few weeks of pregnancy.
Treatment is different for each individual based on type and severity of their spina bifida. Many people with spina bifida are able to lead a normal life, however there are some cases where this is untrue. Myelomeningocele and meningocele often require surgeries and treatment over the span of the person’s life to help with the condition. Some people may have limited function or even paralysis in some parts of their body that may be irreversible. These cases are more rare but all the same, this condition can be very dangerous in regards to its direct effects or second-hand conditions as a result of spina bifida.
I hope you learned something new about spina bifida in this post! My baby cousin that was just born in September was born with meningocele. He is only three months old and has already had many surgeries to fix the sac that had formed on his back and to help with some complications that this caused, particularly in the formation of his brain.
Image: http://ib.bioninja.com.au/options/option-a-neurobiology-and/a1-neural-development/spina-bifida.html
Source: https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/spinabifida/facts.html