#trichomonas

[chrismlink]

A look into my day job.  

Also, friendly reminder: if you’re gonna do the sex, use protection, especially with new partners. 

[sciencenewsforstudents]

How an obscure sexually transmitted parasite tangos with the immune system

Scientists are working out how Trichomonas vaginalis, one of the most prevalent sexually transmitted infections, causes problems in women and men.

Frances Mercer runs a fight club.

In one corner, the parasite Trichomonas vaginalis, which causes a widespread sexually transmitted infection that many people have never heard of. In the other corner are neutrophils, the immune system cells best equipped to take down the aggressor.

Watching the two battle it out, Mercer, an immunoparasitologist at California State Polytechnic University in Pomona, has learned a lot about the parasite. And she’s shown exactly how neutrophils manage to take down T. vaginalis — using a maneuver that scientists didn’t even know the immune cells possessed.

A focus on T. vaginalis has been a long time coming. In 2016, the parasite was responsible for about 156 million worldwide cases of the sexually transmitted infection called trichomoniasis in men and women. In the United States, trichomoniasis is the third most common sexually transmitted infection after HPV, or human papillomavirus, and herpes.

Today, scientists are just beginning to get a handle on how the parasite causes trouble — including increasing risk for HIV infection, infertility and preterm delivery — and how the human immune system fights back. Complicating the picture is the fact that T. vaginalis doesn’t work alone. Other microbes living inside the vagina, and some inside the parasite itself, get into the fray.

Not just a nuisance

The infection “is not taken very seriously; it’s thought of as making women a bit itchy down there,” says Jane Carlton, a parasitologist at the New York University Center for Genomics and Systems Biology. As its name suggests, T. vaginalis colonizes the vagina, but it can also find a home in the urethra, which carries urine, in both men and women.

156 million: Estimate of worldwide cases of trichomoniasis in men and women in 2016

“One person’s nuisance infection is another person’s raving, itchy, hot, burning infection,” Carlton adds. About one-third or more of women who have an infection will have itch, discomfort or discharge — probably due to the action of the immune cells fighting the parasite, Mercer says.

About 5 to 10 percent of infected men suffer similar symptoms. The infection can be treated with metronidazole, a parasite-killing antibiotic, but about 5 percent of parasites are resistant to the drug.

Left untreated, trichomoniasis can have long-term consequences. The infection about doubles a woman’s chances of acquiring HIV. The risk might go up, Mercer says, because the parasite damages the barrier between the vaginal wall and the rest of the body, or because it causes an influx of the immune system’s T cells, which are the target of HIV infections. The parasite also interferes with female fertility and pregnancy. In men, T. vaginalis has been tentatively linked to infertility and prostate cancer.

Plus, the parasite can infect the same person more than once. Unlike with many other microbes, the immune system seems to be lousy at remembering how to fight T. vaginalis. The invader may even manipulate the immune response to block that memory, speculates Daniele Dessì, a microbiologist at the University of Sassari in Italy, with a touch of awe: “This is quite amazing for such a primitive organism.”

T. vaginalis is one of three species of trichomonad that infect humans. Scientists think trichomonads, single-celled protozoans, may have been among the first organisms to branch off the evolutionary tree after the rise of the original eukaryote, the ancestor of all animals, plants, fungi and protozoans.

“Learning about Trichomonas vaginalis is like learning about our own origins — who we were at the beginning,” says parasitologist Augusto Simoes-Barbosa of the University of Auckland in New Zealand. “Probably our ancestor was a very complex organism.”

At some point in its history — scientists don’t know when — T. vaginalis found the vagina a suitable place to live. It’s a good choice, points out Carlton: warm, moist, with plentiful sources of nutrition. Plus, men provide a convenient shuttle service to the next vagina.

Transmitted by sexual contact, the pear-shaped parasite swims into the vagina, paddling with tail-like flagella. T. vaginalis then sprawls out, amoeba-like, among the cells lining the vagina and cervix, rupturing them and eating the pieces.

[wildlifeaid]

This beautiful tawny owl was brought into us recently after being found lethargic and struggling to fly.

Emma, our vet, checked it over thoroughly and found that the poor bird had a bad case of canker; an ulcerous disease of the throat and crop caused by the protozoan Trichomonas gallinae. The infection made it difficult to eat and the bird was quite thin.

After medication and food, the bird was moved into our quarantine facility and will receive round the clock care until it has recovered!

Please wish it luck!

[sadviko-off]

Trichomonas under a microscope. I decided to show you a few photos ^ ^~✨

Work work work!

[phonemantra-blog]

Terconazole: A Comprehensive Guide to Understanding and Using this Antifungal Medication Understanding Terconazole What is terconazole? Terconazole is an antifungal medication used to treat various fungal infections. It belongs to the class of drugs known as azoles, which work by inhibiting the growth and reproduction of fungi. Terconazole has been used for many years to […]

Terconazole: A Comprehensive Guide to Understanding and Using this Antifungal Medication Understanding Terconazole What is terconazole? Terconazole is an antifungal medication used to treat various fungal infections. It belongs to the class of drugs known as azoles, which work by inhibiting the growth and reproduction of fungi. Terconazole has been used for many years to effectively treat vaginal yeast infections, also known as vulvovaginal candidiasis. [caption id="attachment_59888" align="aligncenter" width="1200"] terconazole[/caption] How does terconazole work? Terconazole works by targeting the cell membranes of fungal cells, disrupting their growth and reproduction. It specifically inhibits the synthesis of ergosterol, a vital component of fungal cell membranes. Without sufficient ergosterol, the fungal cells become weakened and are unable to survive, leading to their eventual death. This mechanism of action makes terconazole an effective treatment for fungal infections. Common uses of terconazole Terconazole is primarily used for the treatment of vaginal yeast infections, such as vulvovaginal candidiasis. It effectively relieves symptoms like itching, burning, and abnormal discharge associated with these infections. Additionally, terconazole can be used as a preventive measure to reduce the recurrence of yeast infections. Ongoing research is exploring the potential use of terconazole in other fungal infections, expanding its range of applications. Safe and Effective Use of Terconazole How to use terconazole correctly Terconazole is available in various dosage forms, including vaginal creams, suppositories, and tablets. It is important to carefully read and follow the instructions provided by your healthcare provider or the product label. Generally, terconazole is applied intravaginally, typically at bedtime, for a specified duration of treatment. Here are the steps to use terconazole correctly: Wash your hands thoroughly before and after application. Remove the applicator from the package and fill it with the prescribed amount of terconazole cream or insert the suppository or tablet into the vagina as directed. Gently insert the applicator into the vagina and push the plunger to release the medication. Remove the applicator and discard it properly. Wash your hands again to ensure cleanliness. Potential side effects and precautions While terconazole is generally well-tolerated, it can cause some side effects. Common side effects include vaginal irritation, itching, burning, and abdominal pain. These side effects are usually mild and temporary. If you experience severe or persistent side effects, it is important to consult your healthcare provider. Terconazole should be used with caution in certain populations: Pregnant women: Terconazole is generally considered safe for use during pregnancy. However, it is recommended to consult a healthcare provider before using any medication during pregnancy. Children: The safety and effectiveness of terconazole in children have not been established. It should only be used in pediatric patients under the guidance of a healthcare professional. It is important to inform your healthcare provider about any other medications you are taking, including over-the-counter drugs and herbal supplements, as they may interact with terconazole. Terconazole is contraindicated in individuals with known hypersensitivity to the drug or any of its components. Tips for maximizing terconazole's effectiveness To maximize the effectiveness of terconazole treatment, consider the following tips: Follow the prescribed dosage and treatment duration recommended by your healthcare provider. Avoid sexual activity during treatment, as it may interfere with the medication's effectiveness. Practice good hygiene and keep the vaginal area clean and dry. Avoid using douches, tampons, or other vaginal products while using terconazole, unless specifically instructed by your healthcare provider. Complete the full course of medication, even if symptoms improve before the treatment is complete. Frequently Asked Questions How long does it take for terconazole to work? The duration of terconazole treatment can vary depending on the specific infection and its severity. Typically, terconazole is used for a period of 3 to 7 days for vaginal yeast infections. It is important to follow the prescribed treatment duration recommended by your healthcare provider. Improvement in symptoms is usually observed within a few days of starting treatment. However, it is essential to complete the full course of medication to ensure the infection is fully eradicated and to prevent recurrence. Can terconazole be used during pregnancy? Terconazole is generally considered safe for use during pregnancy. However, it is always recommended to consult with your healthcare provider before using any medication during pregnancy. They can assess your individual situation and provide appropriate guidance. It is important to weigh the potential benefits of treating the infection against any potential risks to the pregnancy. Is terconazole available over the counter? No, terconazole is not available over the counter. It is a prescription medication and can only be obtained with a valid prescription from a healthcare provider. This is because proper diagnosis and guidance from a healthcare professional are necessary to ensure the correct use and effectiveness of terconazole. Are there any natural alternatives to terconazole? While there are some natural remedies that may offer relief from mild yeast infections, it is important to note that they may not be as effective as terconazole in treating moderate to severe infections. Natural alternatives such as probiotics, tea tree oil, and yogurt have been suggested as potential remedies for yeast infections. However, it is advisable to consult with a healthcare provider before relying solely on natural remedies, as they may not provide the same level of effectiveness and may delay appropriate treatment. Can terconazole be used for male yeast infections? Terconazole is primarily used for the treatment of vaginal yeast infections in women. While it may have some efficacy in treating male yeast infections, it is not commonly prescribed for this purpose. Male yeast infections are typically treated with antifungal medications specifically formulated for male genital infections. It is important for men experiencing symptoms of a yeast infection to consult with a healthcare provider for proper diagnosis and treatment recommendations. What should I do if I miss a dose of terconazole? If you miss a dose of terconazole, it is best to take it as soon as you remember. However, if it is close to the time for your next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to make up for the missed one. If you are unsure about what to do, consult your healthcare provider or pharmacist for guidance. Are there any long-term effects of using terconazole? Terconazole is generally well-tolerated and does not typically cause long-term effects. However, as with any medication, there is always a possibility of individual variations and rare adverse reactions. It is important to follow the prescribed dosage and treatment duration recommended by your healthcare provider. If you have any concerns about potential long-term effects, discuss them with your healthcare provider for personalized advice. Conclusion In conclusion, terconazole is an antifungal medication that is commonly used to treat vaginal yeast infections. It works by inhibiting the growth and reproduction of fungal cells, providing relief from symptoms such as itching, burning, and abnormal discharge. Terconazole is generally safe and well-tolerated when used correctly. When using terconazole, it is important to follow the instructions provided by your healthcare provider or the product label. Use the prescribed dosage form and administration method, and complete the full course of medication even if symptoms improve before the treatment is complete. This will help ensure the infection is fully eradicated and reduce the risk of recurrence. If you experience any side effects or have any concerns while using terconazole, consult your healthcare provider for guidance. They can provide personalized advice based on your individual situation and medical history. While this guide provides an overview of terconazole and its uses, it is important to remember that it is not a substitute for professional medical advice. If you have any questions or concerns about terconazole or any other medication, consult a healthcare professional for accurate and personalized information.

[novakovamisak]

Trichomonas (2020), fabric mix, jewelry, 90 x 40 x 20 cm

[arushmichael]

Trichomonas Infection: Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment

By Arush Emmanuel Michael

Flagellate protozoa with three to five anterior flagella are included in the genus Trichomonas. There is no cystic phase and only a trophozoite phase in these flagellated organisms. There are three species found in the genus Trichomonas which are classified on the basis of their habitat:

·        Trichomonas vaginalis: They are present in the female genital tract or in the urinary tracts of both males and females.

·        Trichomonas tenax: They are present in the oral cavity of humans

·        Trichomonas hominis: This species is found in the ileocaecal region of the gastro-intestinal tract.

Trichomonas vaginalis

This pear shaped trichomonad is around ten to thirty micrometre in length and five to twenty micrometre in breadth. The cytostome which is a cleft like depression is present at the rounded anterior end. The anterior end also has a single ovoid nucleus as well as four free flagella.  Trichomonas vaginalis has a pointed posterior end. Along the side of the body, a thicker flagellum passes backwards and forms the undulating membrane reaching up to the middle of the body. A rod like structure known as costa supports the undulating membrane at the base. Down the middle of the body an axostyle runs which ends in an extremity like appointed tail.The protozoa divides by binary fission and is motile with a  jerky movement. The infective form is the trophozoite as there is no cystic stage.

Symptoms of Trichomonas vaginalis Infection

The parasite is transmitted sexually and may result in a number of conditions:

·        Trichomoniasis and Vaginitis in females

Characterised by-

1.      Yellowish discharge with an offensive smell

2.      Spotting or bleeding from vagina

3.      Itching or burning in the genitals

4.      Redness or swelling in the genitals

5.      Frequent urination

6.      Painful urination and sexual intercourse

·        Urethritis in males- This infection is often asymptomatic and if symptoms are there they include-

1.      Urethral discharge

2.      Frequent urination

3.      Painful urination

4.      Painful ejaculation

The infections caused by the parasite can be painful and can disrupt day to day activities therefore t is better to receive prompt and appropriate treatment. One your doctor prescribes you treatment for any condition you can now buy medicines online in India.

Diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalis infection

On showing symptoms of a Trichomonas infection it is imperative that you go show a healthcare provider at the earliest. After taking your medical history followed by a physical examination the doctor shall recommend certain laboratory tests in order to confirm the diagnosis. As there can be a number of differential diagnoses therefore laboratory tests are necessary to provide the correct treatment for the right infection. Recommended tests conducted on the specimens such as urethral and vaginal discharge include:

·        Microscopic examination of the specimens on a drop of saline shows motile trophozoites . The trophzoites in males may be found in the prostatic secretions and urine as well. The stains used on fix smears include Papanicolau, Leishman and Giemsa stain. These fixed smears when stained are then observed under light microscope. For detection of parasites direct immunofluorescent antibody staining might also be used.

·        When direct microscopy of the smear is negative, a culture is recommended. A culture is the gold standard for detection of the flagellate protozoa. The CPLM media is often used for the culture of the parasite.

·        The Trichomonas antigen can be tested by the use of Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)

·        Polymerase Chain Reaction can be used along with nuclear acid hybridisation method for the diagnosis of the infection.

Treatment of Trichomonas vaginalis infection

The drug of choice for the treatment of the parasitic infection is Metronidazole. You can now order medicines online in India once you have been prescribed the drugs for treatment.  To prevent recurrence of the infection it is important to treat the sexual partner or partners as well.

Prevention of Trichomonas vaginalis infection

There is no vaccine or immunisation available at present for the infection however some steps can be taken or considered for prevention of the disease. Unprotected sexual intercourse should be avoided. Treatment and detection of cases early prevents excessive spread of the infection.

Trichomonas tenax and Trichomonas hominis are harmless commensals present in the human body. T.tenax is found in the oral cavity while T. hominis is a commensal of the caecum.

[viosintonizw]

Σύμφωνα με στοιχεία του Κέντρου Ελέγχου και Πρόληψης Νοσημάτων, η #τριχομονάση είναι η πιο κοινή βλαπτική σεξουαλικά μεταδιδόμενη #ασθένεια. Η τριχομονάδωση είναι #μόλυνση από #παράσιτο, το #Trichomonas vaginalis, το οποίο προσβάλει #γυναίκες και #άντρες. Οι γυναίκες παρουσιάζουν συμπτώματα σε ποσοστό περίπου 30-40% και οι άντρες συνήθως είναι ασυμπτωματικοί. Τα συμπτώματα μοιάζουν με εκείνα πολλών σεξουαλικώς μεταδιδόμενων #νοσημάτων: #Φαγούρα, πόνος χαμηλά στην κοιλιά και κιτρινοπράσινες εκκρίσεις με έντονη #οσμή. Ωστόσο, δεν είναι σίγουρο ότι θα σε «προειδοποιήσουν» αφού δεν εμφανίζονται πάντα. #DEH #DeVita #DeVitaApMini ##υγεία #πρόληψη #βιοσυντονισμός https://www.instagram.com/p/B8Qov83p_Fo/?igshid=1rotk6af32h9x