#unessay

[joerojasburke]

OK, I’m a Neanderthal, according to this quiz (created by a student at Appalachian State University)

The few. The Proud. The Neanderthals:

[forgottengravesns]

Exploration of Camp Hill Cemetery - Pt 1

When doing my research on the Black experience of death in Nova scotia and the Maritimes, I ran into an article published by the Dal Gazette. Reading through it I found myself focused on the part of the article that discusses the historic segregation of black and coloured people in the Camp Hill Cemetery. This was news to me. I didn't know that right here in Halifax, a 15 minute walk away from the Saint Mary's University campus, was proof of Nova Scotia's racist past. I wanted to observe for myself what so many of the scholarly papers I have been consuming over the past few months talked about. But first, I had to locate the specific area were the coloured section lay.

Evidence of the coloured section wasn't too difficult to come across during my research. I simply started with google search of 'Camp Hill Cemetery coloured section'. Not many official websites came up, but there were multiple PDF's that showed up. Firstly, I came across this document that is supposedly the written transcript for audio tours of the cemetery. Not the most well-accredited source, but it was a start. The document let me know that the coloured section was at the south-east quardrant of the cemetery. Great start! The next source I found was a published outline for the Camp Hill Conservation Strategy. This document gave a photo of a map and also wrote that the coloured section could be found in division one.

Ok great. So now I have a specific location to go to in this enormous graveyard. But there was still one more question, how would i know I am in the coloured section? Being black in Nova Scotia myself and a bit of a history buff I was well aware of the prevalent last names of African-Nova Scotians. But identifying a black individual by their last names just isn't concrete enough. So I continued my research.

The Dal Gazette article linked above discusses the story of Daniel Perry Sampson, a black WW1 veteran who served in the All Black No.2 Construction Battalion who would be convicted of double homicide and be the last person in Nova Scotia to be sentenced to death by hanging.

"It is the story of a man who suffered from mental illness after serving in the war and was arrested for the murder of two young white brothers named Edwin and Bramwell Heffernan. Facing an all-white jury, Sampson was found guilty. He was the last person to be sentenced to death by hanging in Halifax. Questions still remain on whether Sampson truly committed the murder. The further injustice lies in the implication the real murderer of the two boys may have gotten away." (Source)

The article made clear that Daniel Perry Sampson was buried in the coloured section. His tombstone would be a marker to me that I am in the coloured section. I also came across this article, which discusses how another black WW1 veteran named William Parker was buried in the same section. The would be the two names that would guide me to the right place.

Now, I felt I had enough info to start. I would be going out to Camp Hill Cemetery to see for myself the segregation of black bodies.

[forgottengravesns]

The Who, What, Where, and Why

This blog was created in order to fulfill the unessay portion of my term project for the course Archaeology of Death. This unessay's intent is to explore the Black experience in death. I want to focus my research on understanding how Black individuals have been historically discrimated against in death and how this discrimnation is still visible today. My primary question I want to answer is 'In what ways have Black burial sites been marginalized in Nova Scotia?'

Who

This unessay's focus is on African-descended individuals in Nova Scotia. In this blog, I intend to show examples of the Black experience in death. II intend to present and explore the ways in which Black people have had systemic racism perpetuated against them in death. I want to understand and bring attention to the progressive or total loss of these Black spaces.

What

When exploring the Black experience in death, I am focusing my research particularly on Black burial sites. In particular I am looking at the Camp Hill Cemetery in Halifax. I intend to analyze the cemeteries conditions (or lack there of) and try to understand how systemic racism may have contributed to their conditions.

Where

The first Black man to lay foot on Nova Scotian soil was Matthew Da Costa in 1605. Between 1813 to 1816 some 2000 Black individuals would come to Nova Scotia, fleeing the Southern United States with promises of support and freedom from the British. They would come to find that racism, segregation, and discrimination was still strongly alive in Nova Scotia. (Source). My research focuses on these Black/African descended Nova Scotians and their ancestors.

Why

As a African-descended person that lives in Nova Scotia, I've learned a lot of the deeply rooted history of Black individuals in the province. I knew of how systemic racism and discrimination historically held ground here, and when the opportunity for this project arose I wanted to explore if and how those things manifested themselves in death in Nova Scotia. Learning about the different Black burial sites and just the conditions they were in saddened me. I felt a sense a determination to bring light to the topic of how Black people have been marginalized in death. Research was very limited on the specific topic of Black burial sites in Nova Scotia as a whole, and I feel bringing attention to the lack of recognition of Black burial grounds and their histories would make an impact to reperations between Black Nova Scotian's and the province of Nova Scotia.

[amitsaini012]

Top 10 Unessay Project Ideas

In the realm of education, traditional essay writing has long been the norm. However, the concept of "unessays" has gained traction as a creative alternative that allows students to explore their critical thinking and communication skills in innovative ways. Unessays are projects that challenge learners to express their understanding of a topic through various mediums, such as videos, websites, podcasts, or interactive presentations. By embracing this unique approach, students can unleash their creativity, engage with diverse learning styles, and develop essential skills for the 21st century. In this article post, we will explore ten captivating unessay project ideas that will inspire both educators and students alike.

1. Documentary Film 

Unleash your inner filmmaker by creating a documentary that delves into a topic of your choice. This unessay project allows you to combine visual storytelling, research, and critical analysis. You can explore historical events, social issues, scientific discoveries, or any other subject that piques your interest. By crafting a compelling narrative through interviews, archival footage, and your own commentary, you'll not only demonstrate your understanding of the topic but also hone your filmmaking and communication skills.

2. Interactive Website  

Building a dynamic website can be a fun and creative job in this day and age. This method lets you show off your study and thoughts in a way that is interesting and easy for people to understand. Add content like movies, graphs, and interactive games to make the experience better for the users. If you know how to code for the web, you can also use your skills to make interactive features like boards or comment sections that let your peers talk and work together.

3. Podcast Series 

Make a radio series to use the power of audio stories. Through a number of shows, this unessay project lets you learn a lot about a subject. Experts can be interviewed, personal stories can be shared, and students can have talks that make you think. Podcasting not only improves your speaking and communication skills but also gives you a unique chance to reach more people and make a difference in the world of digital media, which is always growing.

4. Augmented Reality (AR) Experience 

Harness the potential of augmented reality (AR) technology to create an immersive and interactive unessay project. By overlaying digital information in the real world, you can bring abstract concepts to life or provide a fresh perspective on historical events or scientific phenomena. Imagine allowing users to explore ancient civilizations, visualize complex theories, or even simulate experiments through their mobile devices or AR headsets. This cutting-edge approach encourages innovative thinking and fosters engagement with your audience.

5. Virtual Reality (VR) Simulation 

With virtual reality (VR), you can give your audience a fully realistic experience that puts them right in the middle of your topic. Whether it's a replay of a historical event, a study of science, or an adventure in literature, VR models are the best way to engage all of your senses and get a better understanding of the subject. By making a realistic and live virtual world, you'll not only show off your skills but also give your classmates a unique and interesting way to learn.

6. Board Game or Card Game 

Tap into the power of gamification by designing a board game or card game that explores a specific topic. This unessay project allows you to transform complex concepts or historical events into an engaging and interactive experience. By incorporating game mechanics, strategy, and storytelling elements, you can create a captivating learning environment that encourages critical thinking, problem-solving, and collaboration among players. Additionally, the process of designing and playtesting the game will enhance your creativity, communication, and teamwork skills.

7. Art Installation or Exhibition 

For creative people, an art piece or show can be a great project that doesn't require writing an essay. With this method, you can look into a subject through different art forms, like sculpting, drawing, photography, or mixed media. You can make people feel things, start conversations, and question their beliefs by putting together a show that makes people think or by making an interactive piece. Showing off your artistic skills is one thing, but this project also makes you think about how to best explain complicated ideas through pictures.

8. Performance Art or Theatrical Piece 

Take advantage of the power of live performance by making a play or doing performance art for your uni project. This way of doing things lets you use acting, dance, or spoken word to explore themes, stories, or social problems. You can keep people's attention and start deep conversations by writing or choreographing something really interesting. This project also improves teamwork, the ability to improvise, and the capacity to clearly communicate complicated ideas through movement and stories.

9. Children's Book or Graphic Novel

Explore the art of storytelling by creating a children's book or graphic novel that tackles a complex topic in an accessible and engaging manner. This unessay project challenges you to distill intricate concepts or historical events into a narrative that resonates with a younger audience. By incorporating vibrant illustrations, relatable characters, and age-appropriate language, you can foster a love for learning and spark intellectual curiosity in young minds. This project not only showcases your creativity and communication skills but also encourages you to think critically about how to present information in a captivating and educational way.

10. Community Engagement Project 

As part of your college writing project, you should plan a service project that helps with a problem or issue in your community. You can use your skills and what you know to make a real change in your community this way. In order to show that you're a leader, that you can solve problems, and that you care about being socially responsible, you should plan a program to raise knowledge, teach classes, or work with local groups. Being active in the community will not only teach you more about the subject, but it will also give you skills that will help you get more involved in politics and change the world.

Conclusion 

Unessay projects are a fun and different way to learn that pushes students to improve their speech, critical thinking, and creative thought. By adopting these ten interesting ideas, both teachers and students can start a journey of learning that goes beyond writing essays. When you work on these projects—whether it's making a documentary film, an interactive website, or a board game—you can really get involved with difficult topics in a deep and important way. These projects also help kids learn important skills for the 21st century, like how to work with others, solve problems, and use technology. Unessay projects can help students get ready for the challenges and chances that lie ahead as the world continues to change. These projects can spark a lasting love of learning and explore by getting people to think of new ideas and giving them a place to express themselves.

[amarcalinfo]

Top 10 Unessay Project Ideas

In the realm of academia, essays have long been the go-to method for expressing thoughts and ideas. However, there's a growing movement towards unessays—projects that break away from the traditional essay format and encourage creative, unconventional modes of expression. If you're looking to step outside the confines of the standard essay, here are the top 10 unessay project ideas to ignite your creativity:

1. Podcast Series: A Sonic Exploration of Ideas

Turn your research or analysis into a captivating podcast series. Engage your audience with insightful conversations, interviews, and soundscapes that bring your ideas to life.

2. Interactive Websites: Navigating Knowledge

Build an interactive website that takes your readers on a journey through your topic. Incorporate multimedia elements, interactive quizzes, and engaging visuals to convey information in a dynamic way.

3. Graphic Novels: Illustrating Concepts

Transform your ideas into a visual narrative through a graphic novel. Use illustrations and text in tandem to convey complex concepts in an accessible and engaging manner.

4. Video Essays: Cinematic Exploration of Themes

Combine the power of visuals and narration in a video essay. Use film techniques to enhance your storytelling and present your ideas in a compelling and visually striking format.

5. Interactive Maps: Geographical Perspectives

Create an interactive map that explores the geographical aspects of your topic. Incorporate data points, images, and narratives to provide a spatial understanding of your subject matter.

6. Escape Room: Gamifying Learning

Design an educational escape room that challenges participants to solve puzzles and unlock knowledge related to your topic. This hands-on approach adds an element of fun to your research.

7. Collaborative Art Installation: Fusing Ideas and Creativity

Bring together different art forms to create a collaborative installation. Incorporate sculptures, paintings, and interactive elements to convey your ideas in a multisensory experience.

8. Digital Storytelling: Crafting Narratives with Technology

Utilize digital tools to create an immersive storytelling experience. Combine text, images, and interactive elements to weave a narrative that captivates your audience.

9. Social Media Campaign: Advocacy Through Connectivity

Launch a social media campaign to share your ideas and build a community around your topic. Use platforms like Instagram, Twitter, and TikTok to reach a broader audience.

10. Live Performance: Theatrical Expression of Ideas

Take your ideas to the stage with a live performance. Whether it's a play, dance, or spoken word piece, use the performing arts to convey your message in a unique and impactful way.

Conclusion

Embrace the freedom of expression that unessays offer, and let your creativity shine through these innovative project ideas. Break away from the traditional essay mold, and redefine how you share your ideas with the world.

[psychologale]

(un)essay 3.

misconception: eating snacks while studying helps you focus.

what is the misconception about? where did it come from?

to many students today, eating while studying seems to be an indispensable part of the experience. many, including myself, feel as if we are more productive when we do both activities at the same time. this particular belief, if i remember correctly, was introduced to me by a family friend as we talked about how i liked to eat snacks whenever i answered exams (like the UPCAT). "okay lang yan," they said, "'di ba mas madali raw magfocus kapag kumakain?"

i never really bothered to look into this, and i took it under my wing by unconsciously believing it. many friends of mine think the same way, too; not only did snacking on chips or biscuits as they studied helped them "focus", but they also believed that it helped them become more productive as they were reducing downtime by eating while studying. i think that this behavior is something that students (or society, in general) created as a way to adapt to our busy schedules.

the origin of the misconception is unknown. perhaps it was born from anecdotal evidences, passed on from one person to another, or maybe it's a warped piece of advice that stemmed from the scientific fact that food is heavily related to memories and even cognition (food memories, the hippocampus). either way, many people choose to eat food while studying, as they believe that boosts their productivity by saving time and making their studying process more effective.

why is this a misconception?

first of all, i didn't find a single study that revolved around the act of studying while eating random snacks. while there are studies that lauded dark chocolate as a snack that positively affects cognition through flavonoids, as they influence brain and cardiovascular health, the misconception stated is not limited to snacking on chocolate.

eating, in general, is considered as an activity that is unrelated to studying. our brain registers eating and studying as two separate tasks: this makes it apparent that doing these two things at the same time is a form of multitasking.

multitasking is one of the most apparent skills that we have in today's fast-paced society. lots of companies value that skill, and even look for it in their potential employees. many of us believe that by doing two or more things at the same time, we are actually boosting our productivity and making way for more activities to be done by the time we just saved. however, multitasking comes with a cost—whenever we multitask, we actually compromise the quality of the tasks that we attempt to do at the same time as we force the two activities to compete for our very limited resources.

in fact, we often overload our capacity by multitasking; our working memory and our attention are forced to switch from one task to the other, as we are actually unable to do them both at the same time without paying them some mind. we are forcing ourselves to rapidly switch between two tasks continuously, which disrupts cognition, divides attention, and gives our working memory more trouble as it readjusts repeatedly based on the activity we are doing.

eating may seem simple and we may even think that this doesn't require much attention from us as we do most of it unconsciously, but we still lose considerable processing from even small actions. macmahon (2017) tells her readers that this can easily be exhibited by trying a small experiment: try tapping a beat with your non-dominant hand while writing your name with the other. tapping your hand may not seem like a big deal, but it still reduces the quality or speed of your writing.

so, what should we do to study more effectively? what if i get hungry?

if you think that eating (specifically, chewing) on something is helping you block out other sensory distractions, gum is a food that has researched in the field of cognitive psychology. a systematic study that covered 21 papers found a statistically significant relationship between mastication and sustained attention and alertness, which, in turn, improved cognition. it's hands-free and it allows you to chew on something without having you replenish it repeatedly in a short period of time. (it can cause your jaw to ache, though.)

though it is unclear to many psychologists why exactly it is effective (some think that it increases blood flow, others think that it's because it increases physiological arousal, while others speculate that the mechanisms in the brain are related to insulin and glucose), trying it out and seeing if it works for us does little to no harm—as long as you brush your teeth afterwards.

more effective than gum, however, is a healthy balanced diet and eating on time. this is more on nutritional psychiatry, but selhub (2020) notes that our bodies—and especially our brains—require the proper nutrients to function well. providing ourselves with good food at the right intervals improves not only our cognition, but also our physical health and even our mood.

and who doesn't prefer studying when they're in a good mood?

references.

Berk, L., Bruhjell, K., Peters, W., Bastian, P., Lohman, E., Bains, G., Arevalo, J. & Cole, S. (2018). Dark chocolate (70% cacao) effects human gene expression: Cacao regulates cellular immune response, neural signaling, and sensory perception. The FASEB Journal, 32(1), 755.1. https://doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.2018.32.1_supplement.755.1

Emamzadeh, A. (2019, May). To chew or not to chew gum (when studying)?. Psychology Today. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/finding-new-home/201905/chew-or-not-chew-gum-when-studying

MacMahon, S. (2017, May). Busting the multitasking myth. NPJ Science of Learning Community. https://npjscilearncommunity.nature.com/posts/16561-busting-the-multitasking-myth

Miquel, S., Haddou, M. B., & Day, J. (2019). A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of mastication on sustained attention in healthy adults. Physiology & behavior, 202(1), 101–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.01.003

Selhub, E. (2020, March). Nutritional psychiatry: Your brain on food. Harvard Health Publishing. https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/nutritional-psychiatry-your-brain-on-food-201511168626

Smith A. (2009). Effects of chewing gum on mood, learning, memory and performance of an intelligence test. Nutritional neuroscience, 12(2), 81–88. https://doi.org/10.1179/147683009X423247

[psychologale]

(un)essay 2.

humans are irrational and are typically unconscious of the processes behind their cognitions.

while i believe that humans are definitely capable of rationality, i don’t believe that we have the right to define ourselves as rational beings. 

rationality, in itself, is a vague and almost philosophical quality. its meaning also changes depending on the context where it is used; for example, being rational in philosophy usually denotes the use of reason, while being rational in economics means that the individual is acting according to their desires.

a paper by clore (2011) stated that rationality is not a term currently preferred in psychology today, as many psychologists would rather use more objective and less value-laden names for the dual processes of thoughts, such as controlled or automatic processing and systematic or heuristic processing. these names avoid the subjective notion in common usage that depicts rationality as good and irrationality (often attributed to being emotional) as bad. 

rationality, in this unessay’s context, would be described as conscious processing—decisions and actions that are typically controlled, systematic, and rule-based (system 2). it happens when a person does not rely on automaticity or heuristics, and is usually slower than system 1 processing.

we, as humans, have a very limited working memory. we are physically unable to think of everything that we have to do all at once; in fact, i don’t think anyone could ever do it, even if they attempt to do it on purpose. this is because our minds are biased and often make decisions while also considering several other factors that may influence the outcome, even if considering these factors may result in a disadvantage. and we’d probably end up overworking our poor brains.

it’s also important to note that making decisions with shortcuts is not inherently a bad thing. yes, they can be disadvantageous at times, as we may make decisions more hastily than we would otherwise, but that also happens with conscious processing, too. words such as irrational and unconscious may spark negative affect, but automaticity is adaptive. humans always need to think on the fly—from our prehistoric days where snap decisions had to be made in order to be safe from predators, to even today, when you might be thinking of whether or not you should really eat the four-day old sandwich in your fridge instead of making a fresh one. (please make a fresh one.)

kluger (2015) summarizes this pretty well in his time article: 

“we are, like it or not, biological machines, and the simpler we keep things, the less chance there is for a mistake or a breakdown.” 

the mind is tasked to process too many things at the same time—information from all our senses all at once plus the random shower thoughts that pop into your noggin each time you find yourself staring into space. 

this is not to say that people are incapable of deeper thinking without the use of shortcuts. when faced with harder questions that require much thought, we do have the capacity to think more intently about our decisions and our reasoning, to weigh the pros and cons with much more reason than we pay our meal of the day. this can happen when you’re writing a piece that requires you to reflect on your class and what you learned in the said class, or even while you’re thinking about what to write in your tweet about taylor swift’s latest release. 

the entire process may not be conscious, but it is by the combination of both rational and irrational (system 2 and system 1, respectively) that we are able to function well as humans.

additional resources. 

Clore G. L. (2011). Psychology and the Rationality of Emotion. Modern theology, 27(2), 325–338. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0025.2010.01679.x

Kluger, J. (2015, June). Why you’re pretty much unconscious all the time. Time. Retrieved from https://time.com/3937351/consciousness-unconsciousness-brain/

[psychologale]

(un)essay 1.

the technology gap is the next big thing in cognitive psychology.

what is the technology gap?

in this unessay, the technology gap will refer to discrepancies in access to and understanding of technology because of a variety of reasons. some factors that may contribute to the technology gap may be one’s economic status, age, or region. also known as the digital divide, it is simply the line that separates groups who benefit from modern technology (usually the internet) from those who do not.

an example of how the technology gap can be seen is how generational gaps have a big effect on how certain demographics interact with new technology (like smartphones, computers). i’m sure that many of us have experienced being called over by an older relative or friend, only to be asked about how they can post a picture, how they can change the channel on the television, or even how they can take a selfie. 

to us, who grew up with this technology, being asked about these simple tasks may be frustrating because doing them is almost instinctive for us. to older generations, however, these activities are unfamiliar and may be hard to remember. 

what cognitive processes or mechanisms can be affected by the technology gap?

‘digital natives’ refers to a demographic that grew up with today’s existing technology with direct access to gadgets that facilitate access to the digital world. the effects of technology to attention (and other aspects of cognition) can be seen most on these digital natives, and a technology gap separates them from those who did not grow up with modern digital technology.

because of the rising influence and relevance of technology in our lives, especially the internet and the smart devices designed to connect to the internet, our ways of perceiving, remembering, understanding, and thinking are changing. while i believe that all cognition is currently being affected by technology and its development (and, in turn, by the technology gap), i would like to focus on three main aspects: attention, memory, and decision-making.

attention.

our attention has been greatly impacted by technology in the past few years. gadgets, as seen and used by individuals today, have both positive and negative effects on our cognition. 

research has been consistent in stating that gadgets such as smartphones and computers increase distraction, taking up valuable cognitive capacity. because of the distraction that these devices offer, it takes significantly more effort to pay attention to one thing (such as studying), and the level of difficulty is directly related to how dependent we are on these devices.

digital natives have also grown up in an environment where everything competes for their attention. as a digital native myself, i have grown to realize that companies have commodified my attention, literally paying money to websites to grab my focus for a few seconds to make me look at their products. when one grows up in an environment where everything is vying for their attention, the brain develops in a different way, encouraging faster and more efficient switching between tasks versus sustained attention. this may mean that digital natives’ working memory can be shorter versus those of non-natives.

however, because digital natives are so used to the attention-grabbing nature of media, they are more accustomed to filtering information. their minds are often quicker to pick up important details in a wall of text, or faster in determining which parts of a website are useless or fake and which parts are actually relevant. 

for example, digital natives are way less likely to fall for the ‘you won a new iphone 12!’ scam advertisements in websites because we’re already so used to seeing them to the point that they don’t grab our attention anymore, and we simply know that they’re fake without having to look closer.

memory.

because of the deadly mix of distractions, shorter attention spans, and shorter working memory, digital natives also suffer from a higher tendency for cognitive overload. this happens when we take in more information than the brain can process and store, which means that we may be able to perceive more data than ever before, but a lot of it tends to go to waste because we can’t take the time to properly understand and remember the said information.

there are also some studies that have found that people today are prone to cognitive offloading, which is the use of physical objects to remember things for us, instead of having to rely solely on our brains. this is an obvious difference between digital natives and non-digital natives; for example, my mother still has important phone numbers from her youth memorized: numbers for their home, her parents’ workplaces, her previous workplaces, and even some of her friends’ numbers. i, however, only have my own phone numbers memorized, and i rely on my phone’s contact list to give me the information i need (therefore, i have offloaded that task to my phone).

decision-making.

all that said, it is also true that digital natives have the potential to process information faster because of their traits. while there is a significant tradeoff (data lost in long-term memory), some technology-immersed groups. like gamers, are able to process data and make decisions faster on average than those who are not. 

the amount of information available today, too, has increased dramatically. in the past, sources were very limited, but they were often from reputable sources (books, newspapers, or news on the radio or tv). today, you can find everything online—however, there is a high risk of consuming incorrect or misleading information. digital natives find determining correct sources easier versus those who are new to the internet, which may allow them to make better-informed decisions compared to digital novices.

the great amount of data and choices, however, can be a double-edged sword. not only is there too much information to consume and fully process, there are also a lot of junk data that need to be sorted out, which takes up a ton of cognitive capacity and energy. 

why will studying the technology gap become important?

studying this phenomena will be the next big thing in cognitive psychology because understanding the new divide between demographics (usually age or region-related demographics) driven by technology will be important in determining how people's mental processes truly work. 

i believe that a lot of research done in the past is quickly becoming obsolete (or at least, outdated) and taking a look at how people who live in the digital age today differ from those who were raised at an older time would allow researchers to fill the gaps between the present and the past, and perhaps theorize things for the future, such as how technology will affect cognitive processes in the long run.

this domain is important because people are dynamic, and to understand people, we need to keep up with the changes in the world and in society. digital natives’ minds are shaped differently as they continue to be exposed to technology, allowing them to process information in a way that is completely different from their novice counterparts. because the world is so technologically-advanced today, it would be good to see how both sides of the coin work: how non-digital natives and digital natives navigate our technological world.

additional resources.

Sousa, D. (2015). How the brain learns mathematics. (2nd ed.). Corwin. Retrieved from http://webéducation.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/How-the-Brain-Learns-Mathematics-2-edition.pdf

Stenger, M. (2019, January). How digital technology shapes cognitive function. OpenColleges. Retrieved from https://www.opencolleges.edu.au/informed/features/digital-technology-shapes-cognitive-function/