Spondylolisthesis: a vertebral slippage
What is spondylolisthesis?
Spondylolisthesis is a spinal condition in which one vertebra slips in relation to the vertebra below it. This slippage can occur at different levels of the spine, but most often affects the lumbar region (lower back).
What causes spondylolisthesis?
There are many different causes of spondylolisthesis, but the main ones are :
- Isthmic spondylolisthesis: Related to a fracture of the isthmus (narrow part of the vertebra), often in adolescents who play sports involving the lower back.
- Degenerative spondylolisthesis: Linked to wear and tear of the intervertebral discs and joints, more common in the elderly.
- Traumatic spondylolisthesis: Following major trauma to the back.
- Pathological spondylolisthesis: Associated with bone diseases (such as osteoporosis) or tumours.
What are the symptoms?
The symptoms of spondylolisthesis can vary depending on the severity of the slippage and the individual. The most common are
- Lower back pain: This is often the first symptom and can radiate down the legs.
- Back stiffness: Difficulty bending or turning.
- Numbness or tingling: in the legs.
- Muscle weakness: In the legs.
- Lameness: In severe cases.
How is spondylolisthesis diagnosed?
The diagnosis is made by a doctor specialising in the spine (orthopaedist, neurosurgeon) on the basis of :
- Clinical examination: Palpation of the spine, assessment of mobility and reflexes.
- Imaging tests: X-rays, CT scan or MRI to visualise vertebral slippage.
What treatments are available?
Treatment for spondylolisthesis depends on the severity of symptoms, the patient's age and the cause of the slippage. It may include
- Conservative treatment: Rest, anti-inflammatory medication, physiotherapy, wearing a corset.
- Invasive treatments: Surgery to stabilise the spine in the most severe cases.
How can spondylolisthesis be prevented?
It is not always possible to prevent spondylolisthesis, but certain measures can help reduce the risk:
- Regular physical activity: Strengthens back muscles and improves posture.
- Maintaining a healthy weight: Reduces pressure on the spine.
- Treating back pain promptly: To prevent the problem from worsening. In conclusion, spondylolisthesis is a spinal condition that can cause pain and functional limitations.
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