Not dumb at all! It’s a mix of body language, context, and vocal tone! @rorindiel
In that video the scream is a consistent pattern of slow spaced out repetitive screams. It’s a little hard to see in that clip but Newts side to side swaying/ jolty motion is a behaviour for being excited, both birds are thin but not outright skinnied out, and they bounce back and forth on where they’re looking.
If they were screaming out of fear we’d see super thin body language, the wings usually look like they’re being held away from the body a bit, as well as them fixating on the particular thing that’s triggering them and the scream is typically a very loud repetitive screech that runs in super quick succession. In most cases this is followed by flying away at high speeds but not always.
Then you’d have contact call screams which are typically one or two short shouts where the other bird responds with virtually the same sound. With these body language can vary but it’s usually decently relaxed (unless the bird is anxious and panicked trying to find its friend). Newt is nice and fluffed up and looking around but not overly worried.
Of course different species have different calls but that’s some bare bones stuff to consider!









