#wathanism

[canisvesperus]

I would love to see more art of swana polytheist deities. If anyone knows swana artists who draw them, send them my way. 🫶

[blyth-thehuman]

Someone please make art of the Arabian Gods!!! Please i'm begging! Moodborads, drawings, poetry, ANYTHING PLEASEEEEE!!!

[divinum-pacis]

Religion in Pre-Islamic Arabia

[scarletarosa]

Masterpost of World Religions and Resources (Part 1)

(Not a complete list of course, and mainly focuses on lesser-known religions)

Mesopotamian Polytheism:

Myths and Legends

Sumerian Hymns

Hymns to Inana

Goddess List

The Seven Gods Who Decree Fate

Some Significant Deities

The Me

Lamassu

Myths of Enki (book)

Myth of Adapa and the South Wind

Myth of Inana’s Descent to the Underworld

Anu, Father of the Gods

Tiamat, the Draconic Creator Goddess

Inana, Queen of Heaven and Earth

Inana

Ninhursag, the Mother Goddess

Enki, Wise Creator of Humanity

Ereshkigal, Queen of the Underworld

Ereshkigal

Kur, the Underworld

Inanna, Aya, and Ninlil

Enlil

Nergal

Nisaba

Nanshe

Sumerian Altars

Making Offerings

Canaanite Polytheism:

Canaanite Religion

Myths and Legends

The Epic of Ba’al Hadad

Athirat/Asherah

Anat

Goddess Anat

Astarte

Hittite Polytheism:

List of Gods

Deity List

Mythology

Wathanism (Arabian Polytheism):

Deity List

Arabian Polytheism

Practices and Beliefs

Kemeticism (Egyptian Polytheism):

Ancient Egyptian Religion

Kemeticism

Egyptian Religion (Book)

Encyclopedia of Myths

Myths and Folktales

Deity List

Egyptian Deities

List of Gods

Atum, the Supreme God

Ptah, the Architect

The Ogdoad

Khnum, the Creator of Humans

Isis, Queen of Heaven

Osiris, King of the Underworld

Ma’at

Horus

Set

Sekhmet

Ammit, the Goddess who Condemns

Apep, the God of Evil

Studies on Egyptian Myth

Isis and Osiris Myth

Horus and Set

Ancient Egyptian Religion (Book)

The Egyptian Afterlife

The Negative Confession

Book of the Dead

The Nine Parts of the Soul

Egyptian Sacred Texts

The Ankh

The Heart Scarab

The Tjet

The Wadjet

Part 2 | Part 3 | Part 4 | Part 5 | Part 6

[blyth-thehuman]

She is beauty, She is grace, She is Al-Uzza from Arabia!

[blyth-thehuman]

That feeling when you think about what could've been with Arabian polytheism. That feeling when you remember and mourn the destroyed places of worship and the idols.

[blyth-thehuman]

*Through gritted teath*: why isn't there more art of the Arab Gods? Hmm? Hmmmmm?

[scarletarosa]

Arabian Deities List

A list of the pagan gods who were worshipped by the Pre-Islamic Arabs. Much of the evidence of these deities and their worshippers were destroyed during the rise of Islam, but this is the majority of those remembered:

Elder Gods:

Allah - the supreme deity (both male and female) of the pagan Arabs. Allah is the one who existed before all things and had created the universe. Afterwards, they retired into the position of a silent and remote spectator who dwelt in 'Aliyyin, the highest heaven, and only intervened in human affairs in extreme cases of drought or danger. Despite being the supreme deity, Allah was rarely directly worshipped.

Al-Lat - goddess of war, peace, combat, and prosperity. Al-lat was the Meccan mother goddess and the chief deity of the tribe of Banu Thaqif. She is one of the three daughters of Allah- all of whom were the supreme goddesses of the Arabs and were widely worshipped. 

Al-Uzza - goddess of might, protection, love, and the planet Venus. One of the three daughters of Allah and wife of Hubal, god of war

Manat - goddess of fate, destiny, and death. She is the eldest of her three sisters (making her the eldest deity after Allah). She is wife of Quzah, the god of thunder.

Younger Gods:

Hubal - god of war, victory in battle, fortune, and rainfall; husband of the goddess Al-Uzza.

Manaf - god of mountains

Quzah - god of storms, thunder, and clouds; husband of Manat. Thunder, said to be the battle-cry of Quzah, was believed to scare away spirits of disease and misfortune. The rainbow that appeared after rain was considered by the people of Mecca to be a ladder to the heavens.

Isaf and Na'ila - Meccan water deities: the dual guardian spirits of the holy well of Zamzam 

Duwar - goddess of maidens; she was worshiped by the youngest women of the Banu Quraysh

Al-Ikrimah - god of fertility; his idol was a statue of a dove carved from aloe wood 

Dhātu-Anwāt - goddess of trees

Suwā - goddess of night, beauty, and freshwater springs

Ar-Rā'iyu ('The One Who Sees') - god of dreams and prophecy. All dreams were considered to be messages from the gods in pre-Islamic Arabia and oracles specialized in interpreting them. This god was believed to be an all-seeing guardian.

Al-Mundhir - a west Arabian god of justice, whose name means ''The Cautioner''

Yaghuth - ("He Helps") the south Arabian god of strength, courage, and war; had an idol that was a statue of a lion which was situated on a hill in Yemen

Yahwah - north Arabian weather god, worshiped as a divine warrior who rides on the clouds and leads the armies of Heaven. In the religion of the Hebrew tribes of ancient Palestine, their deity Yahweh was originally one god among many; although in later times he developed into a major tribal god and eventually the Hebrews elevated him to the status of an all-powerful creator god above all the others: a position that was held previously by El, who became an epithet of Yahweh. 

Bahar (or Bajar) - god of the ocean

Rudā - a central Arabian rain goddess; brought droughts when angered

Nahastāb - a south Arabian fertility god who was worshiped by the Minaean Arabs. This god was associated with serpents who were recognized as omens of bounty and fertile ground.

Su’ayr - north Arabian god of oracles

Al-Jalsad - south Arabian god of pastures and fields

Ashar - north Arabian god of war

Ni'mat - north Arabian goddess of fortune

Hāwlat - goddess of magic and power; patroness of the oases of Dumah and Hejra. The name of the goddess means ''to change (fortunes)'' and ''to avert''.

Abgal - north Arabian tutelary god; god of the desert and the patron of Bedouins and caravan drivers 

Amm’anas - south Arabian god of agriculture

Nasr - god of the deep desert whose idol was a sculpture of a large vulture (in some sources an eagle) that was situated in a temple in the village of Balkha in Yemen. The sacred animal of Nasr, the vulture, was venerated by his worshipers as a totem of insight and sharp character; as well as this, the god represented the hostile and unforgiving aspects of nature, in particular, the desert.

Dhātu-Ba'dan - south Arabian goddess of oases, nature, and the wet season 

Taraha - north Arabian goddess of fortune and prosperity. This goddess was also known as Tadha and was believed to watch over the tombs of the dead. 

Al-Ghurab - god of the dead; his idol was in the form of a raven that was housed in the Ka'aba along with 360 other idols of gods and goddesses. Ravens were sacred to this god as guardians of the spirits of the dead

Kuthrā (''The Most Rich'') - central Arabian goddess of prosperity and fortune

Khomar - south Arabian god of wine and vineyards 

Ya’uq is the south Arabian god of protection and preservation who was associated with swift thought and intelligence 

Salman (or Salim) - god of oases, peace, and harmony. In the religion of the western Semites, Shalim was a god of the underworld and the dusk, and his name 'Shalim' (Peace) was meant as an allegory for the peace of the grave. 

Rahmaw (or Rahmanan) - south Arabian god of mercy and protection, whose mythology was later absorbed into that of the creator god Allah. 

Al-Jadd - god of luck

Jihār - west Arabian god of longevity, wisdom, and marketplaces

Isāt - south Arabian goddess of fire; counterpart to the Canaanite fire goddess Ishat, wife of Moloch

Yurhim - god of joy and happiness 

Harimtu (or 'Athiratan) - south Arabian goddess of fertility; the mother of the gods and the wife of the sky god Ilmaqah

Ilmuqah (also known as Ilumquh and Almaqah) - south Arabian god of the sky and the chief tribal deity of the Sabaean Arabs. He was worshiped as the protector of artificial irrigation and his divine symbol was a cluster of lightning bolts surrounding a curved sickle. Bulls were the sacred animals of Ilmuqah. His name means ''The God Who Gives Health''

Shay al-Qawm - god of war, valour, and the night

Qaynan - god of metalworkers and smiths

Al-Kutbay (or al-Aktab) - god of writing, prophecy and merchants who was the scribe of the gods and recorder of all deeds and events 

Raziqa (or Razeka) - goddess of the earth and fertility who was worshiped by the ancient tribes of Thamud and 'Ād as a provider of food and sustenance.

Nuha (or Nahi) - north Arabian goddess of wisdom and intelligence

Hafidha - goddess of travel and journeys 

Thu'ban - god of snakes; believed to be a giant serpent who guarded the treasures in the well of the Ka'aba of Mecca. 

Celestial Deities:

Hilāl - god of the moon; provided relief and dew for the weary desert nomads and their flocks. The waning crescent moon which was first visible before and after a new moon, heralded the start of Ramadan: this was a sacred time for the pagan Arabs of Mecca and the Hijaz, during which they fasted and feasted.

Shams - goddess of the sun and the chief goddess of the Himyar tribal confederation; believed by the inhabitants of the fertile lands of south Arabia to be a preserver of crops and domestic life, while other tribes with more intense heat viewed her as a destroyer of lands. She was both respected and feared.

Athtar - god of the planet Venus (linked with the Canaanite god Attar).  Athtar is the provider of water and a protector of irrigation systems. His sacred symbol is a spear-point as he is also a war god, and his sacred animal is the Arabian oryx (antelope).

Akhwar - god of righteousness and the planet Jupiter

'Utarid - god of intelligence, learning, writing, eloquence, and Mercury

Azizan (also known as Azizos) is the north Arabian god of the planet Mars who was associated with victory in battle and was depicted as riding on a camel alongside his brother Mun'im

Nakruh - god of the planet Saturn

Dhu’l-Samawi - god of the night sky, the stars, and the constellations whose name translates as "Lord of the Heavens". Bedouin tribes would bring their animals to the shrine of Dhu’l-Samawi when they were injured and they also sent sick people to reside at his shrine in order to receive healing.

Shangilā - north Arabian god of stars

Ash-Shi'rā - goddess of the Sirius star; believed to bestow wealth and good fortune

Ath-Thurayya - goddess of the Pleiades star cluster 

As-Simāk ('The Uplifted One') is a west Arabian star god who was the deification of the star Arcturus in the constellation of Bootes and was worshiped to bring riches, renown and honor. The symbol of the god was the lance (ar-rimah) and was also named as Haris as-Samā', 'the Guardian of Heaven'.

Al-Dabaran (''The Follower'') - god of the star Aldebaran

Underworld Deities: 

Mawt - god of death and sterility; the Arabian counterpart of the Canaanite god Mot; sacred animals of Mawt are owls. After a person died, their soul (nafs) was believed to descend to the land of Mawt, the akhirah; where they lead a calm, yet gloomy, existence as spirits (arwah) and as shades (ashbah). The Arabs believed the Underworld to be neither a place of reward nor punishment, but simply as a state of existence without pain or pleasure that most people would lead as a shabah or shade. But the spirits of priests and powerful and honoured people were believed to ascend to a heavenly otherworld (al-Munqalab) or the sky (as-Sama') itself, where they would enjoy the company of the gods and angels (mala'ikah) and would have power over human affairs in the Dunyā (the material world).

Hawkam - god of justice and the Judge of the Dead 

Ba'alat-Sahra - a north Arabian goddess of the Underworld and the desert; she was an important goddess of the nomadic Semites; known to the Amorite tribe of southern Syria as Belet-Seri, the wife of their chief god Amurru.

Qaysha - south Arabian funerary goddess

Hawran - underworld god who presided over the spirits of disease which he could protect from or send at will as punishment; protected people from the venom of snakes. 

Al-Muharriq - underworld god who was represented as a fierce deity at a red shrine and whose sacred animal was an adult male lion (usamah). Al-Muharriq, like his Babylonian counterpart Nergal, had a wrathful disposition; he was believed to send diseases and plagues if he was angry with the population. The name of the god means ''the Burner'' as he represented the scorching heat of the desert, as well as the heat of disease and fire.

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