SQUARE OR CIRCULAR BREATHING
SQUARE OR CIRCULAR BREATHING
square or circular breathing breathing is a really simple idea of making every step of the breathing equal in length. Though not suitable for all meditation methods, especially not those that call for not trying to regulate your breathing, square or circular breathing, combined with the breathing technique of your choice, can be adequately practised with many meditation methods.
Square or circular breathing is not so much a breathing technique, but rather setting a pace or rhythm for breathing, that can be used with any breathing technique, including all methods described previously.
Through square breathing, the depth of your breath may eventually reduce to diaphragmatic breathing with time and practice, if the relaxation deepens sufficiently. For simplicity’s sake, square breathing will be discussed as used with simple abdominal breathing, but it should be equally easy to implement with any breathing technique you prefer.
Sit comfortably, or lay down, wear loose fitting clothes. Start practising simple abdominal breathing.
Now, pay attention to the length of each inhale and exhale and the length of time you may hold your breath after inhale and any pause after exhale. You want all of these to become equal in length, just like the sides of the square or circular breathing.
Start counting to four. You will not be counting your breaths, but the length of each breath.
Inhale slowly and smoothly, while counting to four.
Once you have reached four, hold your breath to the count of four. Now start exhaling, while counting to four.
As you have finished exhaling, pause to the count of four, before continuing with an inhale.
If you are counting at a steady pace, the length of each phase will be exactly the same, making its ‘shape’ resemble a perfect square or circular breathing. This could also be illustrated as equal segments of a circle, making the name ‘circular breathing’ more suitable.
The most significant problem you will run into is counting evenly. Even if you think you are counting at a steady pace, chances are, your counting will speed up, while you are holding your breath and slow down during exhales.
This is natural. After inhalation, your body gets slightly excited, with the fresh amount of oxygen introduced to the system, this will speed up your brain activity for the moment and cause you to count a little faster. When you exhale, the lack of oxygen in your blood will cause everything to slow down, if ever so slightly. The best way around this is using a metronome.
Set the metronome at a steady pace – not too fast, but not too slow, you do not want to run out of air during exhaling and pausing. You will need to experiment to find the perfect pace.
If you set your metronome around 120 beats per minute (or bpm), each beat would take exactly half a second. Counting four beats would make two seconds for each phase, making it 2 seconds inhale, 2 seconds hold, 2 seconds exhale, 2 seconds pause. A higher bpm would make your metronome beat faster, this would mean shorter phases of breath, while a lower bpm will result in longer phases of breathing. Starting anywhere between 90–120 bpm could be ideal for anyone. If your lung capacity is not great or your breath is shallow, start with a higher setting.
Count in synchrony with the metronome, that will ensure your breaths are truly evenly paced. Continue practising with the metronome for many sessions. It does take time, but you will eventually unconsciously learn the pace.
After you feel absolutely confident that you have learned the pace and you can actually imagine or just feel the metronome‘s rhythm, you are safe to abandon it and continue with counting only.
Eventually you will be able to keep the prefect square breathing without even counting. This will not happen overnight, or even in a couple of days or weeks. Do take your time and follow your intuition, more than just your conscious mind.
Some might say you should count your heartbeats. Counting your heartbeats might be sufficient, but you have to keep in mind that while you are practising this breathing method, your heart-rate will steadily decrease, until it reaches its minimum, usually about 60-70 beats per minute, or less, depending on your general health and fitness level.
This means that each inhalation and exhalation will be longer than the previous one. Eventually this can lead to such a slow pace of breathing that you cannot just yet sustain, especially if you have relatively low resting heart-rate (below 60 bpm).
When you breathe this way, following the count of heartbeats, an interesting phenomenon may occur. As your heart-rate decreases, each phase becomes longer and longer and the square shape will be distorted, becoming more and more like a spiral, while eventually evening out to return into the shape of a square, or circle.
If you can maintain square breathing at your resting heart-rate with four heartbeats counting as one phase, aligning your breaths to your heartbeats might even aid you into relaxation, through the steadily lengthening breaths and decreasing heart-rate. This is especially useful with relaxation-meditation methods, such as Corpse Pose (Shavasana), while with other techniques overly relaxing can easily deteriorate your focus.
Which method you can use square breathing with, will therefore depend much on the applicability to the meditation technique of your choice, apart from your own capability of maintaining the pace or rhythm.
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