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Does Body adiposity index (BAI) percentage in swimmers affect the time needed to get back to normal resting heart rate after accelerated heart rate?
Question: Exercise is directly correlated to accelerated heart rate (Bemelmans, 2011). Though body types greatly vary among athletes, swimmers have a unique body shape and mass. Use of BMI is an appropriate way of measuring a person’s body somewhat accurately, but it does not measure adiposity the way BAI does (Stallmann-Jorgensen, 2007). For this experiment we will use BAI to measure the swimmer’s ability to return their heart rate to normal. According to McLaughlin, there are no significant different between genders when it comes to BMR (basal metabolic rate), which a similar body measurement type is. There is a stronger association between the BMI and heart rate variability in younger individuals, so we will use high school students (Windham, 2012). We will prove that even though our test subjects may be able to complete a task in their sport, our test subjects may take different amounts of time to recover from that exercise.Everyone has a different resting and maximum heart rate; so to even the playing field we will require them to all complete the same rigorous exercise. We propose that the varying adiposity will create a different amount of time for heart rate to return to normal. We believe that just as adiposity affects insulin, we believe it can affect heart rate recovery time as well (Ryan, 2000).
Hypothesis:
H0 : BAI does not affect the time needed to recover from tachycardia to normal resting heart rate
H1 : BAI does affect the time needed to recover from tachycardia to normal resting heart rate.
Procedure:
1.We will go to a Hagerty High School swim meet and ask for volunteers for our experiment. We will only use Hagerty High School swim team members as subjects, because swimming is an activity that they participate daily in. Hagerty High School swim team members are between the ages of thirteen and eighteen.
2.We will find the BAI by weighing each participant, using this formula:
Whereas hip is measurement around the waist from Iliac spine to Iliac spine.
3.We will require participants to fill out papers regarding past and present medical history. This will help us understand other factors besides fat percentage.
4.We will put heart rate monitor on right wrist where heart rate is accurately measured.
5.We will measure resting heart rate outside of water.
6.We will ask participants to get in water and do a 50 m freestyle sprint.
7.We will measure participant’s heart rate during swimming.
8.We will measure time it takes to get back to their original resting heart rate.
9.We will then create graphs based on time to get back to resting heart rate and adipose tissue percentage.
10.We will shred all Human Participant personal information.
Risk Assessment:
Over exhaustion, dehydration, risk that comes with vigorous exercise and risks associated.
1.Subjects will do a 50 m freestyle sprint in the water.
2.Coach and lifeguard will be present to prevent any accidents.
3.We will ask the swimmers to stay hydrated to avoid dehydration.
4.Breaks will be provided between trials to prevent overexhaustion.
Data Analysis: We plan to graph BAI versus the time to get back to resting heart rate after vigorous activity to determine a relationship.
Resources:
Beelmans, R. H.H. (2012). Increased visceral adipose tissue is associated with increased resting heart rate in patients with manifest vascular disease. Nature Publishing Group, 20, 1-8.
Bergman, R. N. (2011). A better index of body adiposity. Obesity, 19(5), 1-7.Chlorine Water: MSDS No 231.00 [CD]; Flinn Scientific, Inc
McLaughlin, R. (2006). Spontaneous activity responses to exercise in males. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1-8.
Protecting Human Research Participants. (2011). Retrieved from http://www.cancer.gov/clinicaltrials/conducting/protecting-participants
Ryan, A. S. (2000). Insulin resistance wtih aging [PDF]. Sports Med, 1-20.
Society for Science & the Public. (2012). International rules: Guidelines for science and engineering fairs 2012-2013. Retrieved from www.societyforscience.org/isef
Stallmann-Jorgesnsen, I. (2007). General and visceral adiposity in black and white adolescents and their relation with reported physical activity and diet [PDF]. International Journal of Obesity, 1-9.
Windham, B. G. (2012). The relationship between heart rate variabilithy and adiposity differs for central and overall adiposity [PDF]. Hindawi Publishing Corporation, 1-8.
