Ok, I need some clarification here, and with your background, I think you might be able to solve my confusion. So, is it seNpai, or seMpai?
Iâm probably the worst person to ask this to, because Iâll give you the answer that you donât want to hear: itâs neither and both at the same time.
So, Linguistics lesson!
The phrase in question is: ć 茩ăor ăăă±ăăRomanized, you would have se-n-pa-i, according to most teachers of the language.
This is where language teaching fails miserably.
Do you see that ă?  The ânâ letter in there?  Thatâs not really an n sound.  Thatâs whatâs called a moraic nasal, which basically means that itâs a nasal sound that takes up a syllable on its own (note, this is NOT a precise definition, but if you want to know more, look into syllable vs. mora).  Just to confuse you further, itâs not even produced in the same place as an n sound.  Itâs a uvular nasal (note, that this is disputed by scholars as to what the base sound actually is, but thatâs irrelevant for this discussion). Â
What should you take away from the last paragraph?  ă =/= n.  Theyâre not the same thing.  To English speakers, who donât have uvular sounds in their inventory, it sounds like an ânâ, so thatâs what itâs taught as, and because thereâs no letter in the English alphabet that can represent it, it becomes ânâ.
So, that should be it, right?  It should be âsenpaiâ?
Itâs not that simple.  See, when you hear a native speaker saying it, what do they say?  âSempaiâ.  Seriously, Iâm not joking.  Go listen to someone native saying it.  No one says âsenpaiâ.  Itâs âsempaiâ. Â
This is because of assimilation (place assimilation, for those of you fellow Linguists).  You make a âpâ sound with your lips (voiceless bilabial stop), and so in order to exert the least amount of work when you speak, you move the nasal to the lips (bilabial nasal, or âmâ). Â
Assimilation is pretty common in languages.  Want an example?  In English, we have the prefix âin-â, which means ânotâ.  So, to say that something is not possible, we get:
in- + possible â> impossible
Almost the same change, different language. Â
So, final verdict?  I will always write it as âsempaiâ.  For one, we donât write âinpossibleâ.  Secondly, sticking to romanization rules is kind of asinine for various reasons when it comes to phonemes which donât exist in the target language (which I will illustrate if it gets asked, but Iâll refrain from my rant for now), and thirdly, it makes it easier to learn the proper pronunciation.  That being said, youâre not wrong if you write âsenpaiâ. Â
tl;dr? Â Write it whichever way you want and tell the people who are trying to reinforce their prescriptive English to shove off.














