Types of foundations in building Construction
One of the most important parts of the structure is the foundation. Simply, the foundation is the lower portion of the building structure. Which is classifieds into two types, they are Shallow Foundation and Deep foundation. The solid ground on which the foundation rests is called foundation bed. Although foundations were constructed from a variety of materials — stone, brick, and even treated wood, reinforced concrete is being used in the vast majority of new homes. Normally we dig a deep trench in the ground to make a foundation, which is deeper to the subsoil because subsoil is more solid than the topsoil. Then fill it with strong, hard steel materials and pour in concrete into the trench. When the concrete dries, this acts as the foundation.
A shallow foundation is a type of building the foundation that transfers building loads to the earth very close to the surface rather than to a sub-surface layer or depth range.
· Spread footing foundation
Spread footings are those whose base is wider than the foundations of a typical load-bearing wall. Spread footings foundations are used for individual columns, walls and bridge piers where the bearing soil layer is within 3m (10 feet) from the ground surface.
Raft or matt foundations are foundation styles that are spread throughout the entire building area to support heavy structural loads from columns and walls.
· Slab-on-grade foundation
Slab-on-grade or floating slab foundations are a method in structural engineering whereby the concrete slab that is to serve as the base for the structure is shaped from a mold set into the earth. The concrete is then placed in the mold and does not leave any gap between the ground and the framework.
· Rubble trench foundation
The rubble trench foundation, an ancient construction approach popularized by architect Frank Lloyd Wright, is a type of foundation that uses loose stone or rubble to minimize the use of concrete and improve drainage.
Earthbag technology is a wall method, with walls consisting mainly of ordinary soil found at the site of the building. The soil is placed inside bags of polypropylene, which are then spaced and firmly tamped like masonry.
A deep foundation is a type of the foundation that transfers building load farther from the surface to the earth then a shallow foundation transfers them to a subsurface layer or a range of depths. Some different types of deep foundations are;
A basement foundation is a usable foundation that typically has ceiling heights of 8' a. It is generally used as a utility space for a building where items such as the boiler, water heater, breaker panel or fuse box, car park and air conditioning system are located. So this type of foundation is used in shopping malls, commercial building, etc.
Concrete foundation cylinders are hydraulically pressed into the soil beneath a foundation, utilizing the mass of the structure as resistance. Cylinders are placed one on top of another and pressed down until this column meets sufficient resistance to lifting the structure.
Drilled shaft foundations are widely described as deep foundation cast-in-place elements built into a drilled hole that is stabilized to allow for controlled reinforcing and concrete placement.
Pile foundation, a kind of deep foundation, is essentially a slender column or long cylinder made of materials such as concrete or steel that is used to support the structure and move the load by end bearing or skin friction at the appropriate depth.
In this article, I mentioned all sorts of foundations used in the construction of buildings. As a skilled construction worker, you just need to learn about the types of foundations used in building.
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