Topping & Company Booksellers, Edinburgh
Alisa U Zemlji Chuda
TVSTRANGERTHINGS
will byers stan first human second

❣ Chile in a Photography ❣

祝日 / Permanent Vacation
dirt enthusiast
One Nice Bug Per Day
d e v o n
YOU ARE THE REASON
Sweet Seals For You, Always
Stranger Things

@theartofmadeline
Game of Thrones Daily
noise dept.
Cosimo Galluzzi

titsay

No title available
Today's Document
occasionally subtle
Keni

seen from France

seen from United States

seen from United States
seen from United States

seen from Indonesia

seen from United Arab Emirates
seen from Germany

seen from United States

seen from Spain
seen from Saudi Arabia

seen from Singapore

seen from Germany
seen from Argentina
seen from United States
seen from France

seen from United States

seen from United Kingdom

seen from Singapore

seen from Saudi Arabia
seen from Canada
@tehlearns
Topping & Company Booksellers, Edinburgh
Some corners of Edinburgh, this kind of architecture paired with the hills really reminds me of home
Salut! So I’m in French 103 at university and I just failed a quiz on the indirect and direct pronouns and, like, placing in the sentence. (She lives in Paris- Elle y vit) that kind of thing. Can you help me out?
Hello,
I. DIRECT PRONOUNS:
WHAT:
Me, m’, moi = me (Tu me connais - you know me)
Te, t’, toi = you (Je te connais - i know you)
Le, l’ = him, it (Tu le connais - you know him)
La, l’ = her, it (Nous la connaissons - we know her)
Nous = us (Tu nous connais - you know us)
Vous = you (Ils vous connaissent - they know you)
Les = them (Elle les connaît - she knows them)
N.B.:
M’, T’ and L’ are contracted forms and used before a vowel or a mute h (Ex: Tu m’appelles, je l’adore, tu t’habilles bien)
Moi, toi are stressed forms and used in imperative constructions (Ex: Donne-le-moi - Give it to me)
We don’t have It in french, everything is gendered (Ex: That chair is hurting my back - Elle me fait mal au dos)
WHEN:
A direct object (complément d’objet direct - COD):
Is placed right after the verb,
Answers the question what/who,
Refers to the person or thing being subjected to the action
Ex: Le chat mange des croquettes. Le chat mange quoi? Des croquettes. Le chat les mange.
HOW:
In regular sentences:
Determiner + pronoun + verb
Ex: Je t’aime - I love you
In sentences involving compound tenses:
(Perfect tense, pluperfect, future and conditional perfect, past anterior, past infinitive, past and pluperfect subjunctive, past imperative, perfect participle):
Determiner + pronoun + auxiliary + verb
Ex: Il te l’avait montrée - He had shown it to you
In sentences involving semi-auxiliary verbs:
(Aller - to go, venir - to come, savoir - to know, vouloir - to want, faire - to do, devoir - to have to, pouvoir - to can) :
Determiner + semi-auxiliary verb + pronoun + infinitive
Ex: Vous pouvez les appeler - You can call them
II. INDIRECT PRONOUNS:
WHAT:
Me, m’, moi = me
Te, t’, toi = you
Lui = him, her, it
Nous = us
Vous = you
Leur = them
N.B:
M’-, t’- and l’- are contracted forms and used before a vowel or a mute h
Moi, toi are stressed forms and used in imperative constructions (Ex: Ramène-la-lui - Bring it to him/her)
Lui is used for masculine + feminine words, use the context to identify the object’s gender (Ex: Je lui manque - He or she’s missing me)
WHEN:
An indirect object (complément d’objet indirect - COI):
Is separated from the verb by a preposition (The main ones being : à - at, chez - at (someone’s place), dans - in, de - of, from, since, by…, entre - between, jusque - as far as, hors - except (for), par - by, with, out of, pour - for, sans - without et vers - towards),
Answers the question of who? of what? to who? to what?,
Refers to the person or thing experiencing the action,
Can be : a noun/nominal group (Nous sommes partis sans lui), pronoun (Tu leur expliqueras), an infinitive (Il est allé jusqu’à prendre la route de nuit) or a subordinate clause (Nous avons obéi à ce que tu as demandé)
Ex: Sophie discute avec Jules. Sophie discute avec qui? Avec Jules
HOW :
When replacing à (to) + someone :
Determiner + pronoun (me, te, lui, nous, vous, leur) + verb + indirect object
Ex: Je donne un cadeau à Camille et Madeleine > Je leur donne un cadeau
When replacing à (to) + a thing :
Determiner + y + verb (+ adverb)
Ex: Sophie pense à sa poupée > Sophie y pense
When replacing de (about) + someone/a thing :
Determiner + verb + de/d’ + pronoun (moi, toi, lui/elle, nous, vous, eux/elles)
Ex: Sophie parle de M. et Mlle. de Réan > Sophie parle d’eux
We also have adverbial pronouns:
Y: replaces a proposition or an infinitive introduced par à, au, à la, à l’ or aux (at)(Elle pense à partir - Elle y pense = She’s thinking about leaving - She’s thinking about it)
En: replaces a verb introduced by du, de la, des (Elle s’occupe du chat - Elle s’en occupe = She’s taking care of the cat - She’s taking care of it)
Hope this helps! x
The nicknames of France
L'Hexagone - the hexagon: three landward sides, three coastal sides
La Patrie des droits de l'Homme - the country of human rights, after the declaration was drafted during the revolution in 1789
La Fille aînée de l’Église - the eldest daughter of the church (the kings of France are related to Clovis 1st (466-511, whose name later turned into Louis/Lewis), king of Francs, first catholic monarch)
La Grande Nation - the great nation (appeared under the revolution, popularized under Napoleon, nowadays used ironically in Germany)
Le Pays des Lumières - the country of the Enlightenment (18th century)
Le Pays de Molière - the country of Molière (from the expression la Langue de Molière to refer to the language)
Le Pays du fromage - the country of cheese
A few useful expressions #2
I wouldn’t know : je ne saurais (or pourrais) pas dire
It doesn’t ring a bell : ça ne me dit rien (du tout)
I believe so : je crois/il me semble (bien) que oui
Clockwise : dans le sens des aiguilles d’une montre
Don’t pull out that on me : arrête tes conneries (rude)
When i think about it : quand j’y pense
You shouldn’t have done that : tu n’aurais pas dû faire ça
I don’t want to : je n’ai pas envie
I don’t mind : ça ne me dérange pas/ce n’est pas grave
I have to go : je dois y aller
Next week : la semaine prochaine
The following week : la semaine suivante
Last week : la semaine dernière
The week before : la semaine précédente
I can’t remember : je ne me rappelle pas
I’m happy i did : je suis content-e de l’avoir fait
I’m going to bed : je vais me coucher
It doesn’t matter to me : je m’en fiche/m’en fous (rude)
I’m not interested : ça ne m’intéresse pas
I’m not mad : je ne suis pas fâché-e/en colère après toi
You’re so extra : tu en fais trop
If we’re lucky : avec un peu de chance
How did that happen : comment est-ce que c’est arrivé ?
What do you mean ? : qu’est-ce que tu veux dire ?
What are you doing ? : qu’est-ce que tu fais ?
What did you do ? : qu’est-ce que tu as fait ?
Why did you do that : pourquoi as-tu fait ça ?
A few useful expressions #1
— another rainy day...
Rhetoric theory today. The leaves on campus have started to turn, and I’m excited to finish my last few weeks of the semester :)
Venice, Italy | Fabio Sangregorio
“I defeated the marble and made it ductile, like wax ...”
— Giovanni Lorenzo Bernini
San Giorgio Morgeto, Calabria, Italy ~ Cristiana Furfaro
Piazza di San Marco, Venice, Italy | alisaanton
View from the top of Magdalen Tower, Oxford
Florence, Italy (by Pierre)
https://www.instagram.com/p/CRvmsO9Mn5B/
Venezia, Italia | postcardsbyhannah