Salut! So I’m in French 103 at university and I just failed a quiz on the indirect and direct pronouns and, like, placing in the sentence. (She lives in Paris- Elle y vit) that kind of thing. Can you help me out?
Me, m’, moi = me (Tu me connais - you know me)
Te, t’, toi = you (Je te connais - i know you)
Le, l’ = him, it (Tu le connais - you know him)
La, l’ = her, it (Nous la connaissons - we know her)
Nous = us (Tu nous connais - you know us)
Vous = you (Ils vous connaissent - they know you)
Les = them (Elle les connaît - she knows them)
M’, T’ and L’ are contracted forms and used before a vowel or a mute h (Ex: Tu m’appelles, je l’adore, tu t’habilles bien)
Moi, toi are stressed forms and used in imperative constructions (Ex: Donne-le-moi - Give it to me)
We don’t have It in french, everything is gendered (Ex: That chair is hurting my back - Elle me fait mal au dos)
A direct object (complément d’objet direct - COD):
Is placed right after the verb,
Answers the question what/who,
Refers to the person or thing being subjected to the action
Ex: Le chat mange des croquettes. Le chat mange quoi? Des croquettes. Le chat les mange.
Determiner + pronoun + verb
Ex: Je t’aime - I love you
In sentences involving compound tenses:
(Perfect tense, pluperfect, future and conditional perfect, past anterior, past infinitive, past and pluperfect subjunctive, past imperative, perfect participle):
Determiner + pronoun + auxiliary + verb
Ex: Il te l’avait montrée - He had shown it to you
In sentences involving semi-auxiliary verbs:
(Aller - to go, venir - to come, savoir - to know, vouloir - to want, faire - to do, devoir - to have to, pouvoir - to can) :
Determiner + semi-auxiliary verb + pronoun + infinitive
Ex: Vous pouvez les appeler - You can call them
M’-, t’- and l’- are contracted forms and used before a vowel or a mute h
Moi, toi are stressed forms and used in imperative constructions (Ex: Ramène-la-lui - Bring it to him/her)
Lui is used for masculine + feminine words, use the context to identify the object’s gender (Ex: Je lui manque - He or she’s missing me)
An indirect object (complément d’objet indirect - COI):
Is separated from the verb by a preposition (The main ones being : à - at, chez - at (someone’s place), dans - in, de - of, from, since, by…, entre - between, jusque - as far as, hors - except (for), par - by, with, out of, pour - for, sans - without et vers - towards),
Answers the question of who? of what? to who? to what?,
Refers to the person or thing experiencing the action,
Can be : a noun/nominal group (Nous sommes partis sans lui), pronoun (Tu leur expliqueras), an infinitive (Il est allé jusqu’à prendre la route de nuit) or a subordinate clause (Nous avons obéi à ce que tu as demandé)
Ex: Sophie discute avec Jules. Sophie discute avec qui? Avec Jules
When replacing à (to) + someone :
Determiner + pronoun (me, te, lui, nous, vous, leur) + verb + indirect object
Ex: Je donne un cadeau à Camille et Madeleine > Je leur donne un cadeau
When replacing à (to) + a thing :
Determiner + y + verb (+ adverb)
Ex: Sophie pense à sa poupée > Sophie y pense
When replacing de (about) + someone/a thing :
Determiner + verb + de/d’ + pronoun (moi, toi, lui/elle, nous, vous, eux/elles)
Ex: Sophie parle de M. et Mlle. de Réan > Sophie parle d’eux
We also have adverbial pronouns:
Y: replaces a proposition or an infinitive introduced par à, au, à la, à l’ or aux (at)(Elle pense à partir - Elle y pense = She’s thinking about leaving - She’s thinking about it)
En: replaces a verb introduced by du, de la, des (Elle s’occupe du chat - Elle s’en occupe = She’s taking care of the cat - She’s taking care of it)
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