Allāh is Above His Throne — Allāh is Not Everywhere
is MAJOR SHIRK which NEGATES the TAWHEED of ALLĀH in His names and attributes.❞
[Shaykh al-Albani, Silsilah Al Hudaa Wan-Noor, p. 741-742]
EVIDENCES FROM THE QURAN :
❝Indeed, your Lord is Allāh, who created the heavens and the earth in six days and then...
(Open your Quran, Surah Yunus (ch. 10), ayaah 3. It says : )
...ESTABLISHED HIMSELF ABOVE HIS THRONE, arranging the matter [of His creation]. There is no intercessor except after His permission. That is Allāh, your Lord, so worship Him. Then will you not remember?❞
[Quran, Yunus (ch. 10) ; 3]
❝Do you feel secure that He, Who is OVER the HEAVEN (Allāh), will not cause the earth to sink with you, and then it should quake? Or do you feel secure that He, Who is OVER the HEAVEN (Allāh), will not send against you a violent whirlwind? Then you shall know how (terrible) has been My Warning.❞
[Quran, Al-Mulk (ch. 67) ; 16-17]
❝The Most Gracious (Allāh) ROSE OVER (Istawā) the (Mighty) THRONE (in a manner that suits His Majesty).❞
[Quran, Taha (ch. 25) ; 10]
❝Indeed, your Lord is Allāh, Who created the heavens and the earth in Six Days, and then He ROSE OVER (Istawâ) the THRONE (really in a manner that suits His Majesty).❞
[Quran, al-Ara'f (ch. 7) ; 54]
"But what about these verses (below)?"
❝...and HE IS WITH YOU WHEREVER YOU ARE. And Allāh, of what you do, is Seeing.❞
[Quran, al-Hadīd (ch. 57) ; 4]
• The green highlight : Allāh is with us.
• The yellow highlight : section of the verse explains HOW He is with us.
❝[Allāh] said, “Fear not. Indeed, I am with you both ; I hear and I see....”❞
[Quran, Ṭāhā (ch. 20) ; 46]
• The green highlight: Allāh is with them.
• The yellow highlight: section of the SAME verse explains HOW He's with them (through seeing & hearing them).
"Those verses say that Allāh is with us wherever we are?"
In both verses Allāh talk about the knowledge of Allāh and the Sight of Allāh meaning HE is ABOVE His Throne ; but through His KNOWLEDGE and SIGHT... He is with us.
❝And Fir'aun (Pharaoh) said : “O Hāmān! Build me a tower that I may arrive at the ways, The ways of the HEAVENS, and I may look upon the Ilāh (God) of Mūsā (Moses)…❞
[Quran, Gafir (ch. 40) ; 36-37]
❝Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم said,
"When Allāh completed the creation, He wrote in His Book which is with Him ON HIS THRONE, 'My Mercy overpowers My Anger.'"❞
[Shahih Bukhari no. 3194]
❝Narrated Ibn Abbas رضي الله عنه :
Allāh's Messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم used to say at the time of difficulty,
"None has the right to he worshipped but Allāh, The Majestic, the Most Forbearing. None has the right to be worshipped but Allāh, the right to be worshipped but Allāh, The Lord of The Heavens and THE LORD of The Honourable THRONE.❞
[Shahih Bukhari no. 7431]
❝...when the Prophet ﷺ asked a slave girl, “Where is Allāh?”
She replied, “IN THE HEAVEN.”
He ﷺ then asked her, “Who am I?”
She said, “You are the Messenger of Allāh.”
He ﷺ said (to her master), “Release her, for she is a believer."❞
And so many other ahādith mention it.
❝Sheikh-ul-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah said that this DOES NOT mean in any way that Allāh is in the midst of, or surrounded by the heavens, as none of the righteous predecessors of this Ummah (community) or its Imams ever stated that ; rather they AGREED that Allāh is established on His Throne above the heavens and is distinguished from His creation with no similarity whatsoever between Him and His creation in terms of His Attributes, Names, or Power.❞
[Quoted from the collection of Fatwa by Ibn Taymiyyah]
Imām Muḥammad b. Yūsuf (teacher of Imām Bukhārī) said :
❝Whoever says ‘Allāh is NOT above His Throne’ then he is a DISBELIEVER.❞
Imām Ibn al Mubārak said :
❝Allāh is ABOVE the seventh heaven ABOVE His Throne, and we do not say as the Jahmiyyah do, that He is on earth.❞
❝Tawḥeed of any (person) is NOT VALID until he knows that Allāh the Exalted is ABOVE His Throne.❞
Muḥammad bin Kathīr Al-Masīsī رحمه الله said :
❝I heard Al-Awzā'ī saying :
“The Tā’bi’īn were widespread whilst we used to say that ALLĀH IS ABOVE HIS THRONE and we believe in the Attributes of (Allāh) transmitted in the Sunnah.” ❞
• Imām al-Dhahabī, Siyar Aʿlām al-Nubalā 7/121
• Ibn Hajar al-'Asqalani, Fatḥ al Bārī 13/406
• Ibn Taymiyyah, Al-Hamawiyyah 1/296
• Ibn Taymiyyah, Bayān Talbīs al-Jahmiyyah 1/207
• Imām al-Dhahabī, al-‘Ulū al-‘Alī Al-Ghaffār no. 366 1/136
• Shaykh Muḥammad Nāsir al-Dīn al-Albānī, Mukhtasar al-‘Ulū al-‘Alī Al-'Adhīm no. 121 1/137
• Ibn al-Qayyim, As-Sawā'iq 4/1297
• Ibn Al-Musalli', Mukhtasar as-Sawāiq 1/436
Ka'ab al-Aḥbār رحمه الله said :
“am Allāh above my slaves and My Throne is above all of My creation and I am above My Throne, I regulate the affairs of my servants and NOTHING is hidden from Me in the heavens and in the earth.” ❞
[مختصر العلو للإمام الذهبي صفحة ١٢٨]
Abū Mu‘adh Khalid b. Sulaiman Al-Balkhi (d. 199 AH) said :
❝Allāh is above the heavens, on the Throne as He described Himself.❞
[Kitab Al-Arsh by Adh-Dhahābī (vol. 2, pg. 201]
Muhammad b. Mus‘ab Al-Abid (d. 228 AH) said :
❝Whoever claims that You (Allāh) do not speak and are not seen in the hereafter, then he is a kafir.❞
[Tarīkh Baghdād (vol. 4, pg. 452)]
Muhammad b. Mus‘ab Al-Abid (d. 228 AH) said :
❝I bare witness that You (Allāh) are above the Throne, above the Seven Heavens, not like the heretics, the enemies of Allāh, say.❞
[Tarīkh Baghdād (vol. 4, pg. 452)]
Khushaysh b. Asram (d. 253 AH) said :
❝Whoever denies the Throne then he has disbelieved in Allāh.❞
[At-Tanbīh wa Al-Rad `Ala Ahl AlAhwa’ wal Bid’ah, Chapter: Al-Firaq wa Dhikruha]
Khushaysh b. Asram (d. 253 AH) said :
❝...There have come reports that Allāh Has a throne, and that He is on His Throne.❞
[At-Tanbīh wa Al-Rad `Ala Ahl AlAhwa’ wal Bid’ah, Chapter: Al-Firaq wa Dhikruha]
❝Allāh’s Knowledge, His Ability, and His sovereignty is everywhere, and He is on the Throne as He described Himself.❞
[al-Jāmi’ al-Kabīr 5/327]
Harb b. Isma’īl Al-Karmanī (d. 280 AH) said :
❝(al-Jahmiyyah believe) there is no known place for Allāh, that He is not on a Throne, nor a Kursī ; they are kuffar.❞
[Kitāb Al-Arsh by Adh-Dhahābī (vol. 2, pg. 262)]
❝And the Muslims have agreed that Allāh is above His Throne, above His Heavens.❞
[Ar-Rad Ala Al-Jahmiyyah (pg. 39)]
❝(Whoever does not know that Allāh is above the Throne) then he doesn’t know His God Whom he worships.❞
[Ar-Rad Ala Al-Jahmiyyah (pg. 39)]
Imām Ibn Abī Shaybah (d. 297 AH) said :
❝He (Allāh) is above the Heavens and above the Throne by His Essence, free from His creation, separate from them. His Knowledge is in His creation, they cannot leave His Knowledge.❞
[Al-Arsh wama Ruwiyah Fihi (pg. 291-292)]
Abū Bakr Al-Ajurrī (d. 360 AH) said :
❝His (Allāh’s) Knowledge encompasses all of His creation, and He is on His Throne, and this is the belief of the Muslims.❞
Ibn Abī Zayd Al-Qairawani Al-Malikī (d. 386 AH) said :
❝He (Allāh) is above His Heavens on His Throne without (being on) the earth, and He is everywhere by His Knowledge.❞
[Kitāb Al-Jamī` fi As-Sunan wal-Adab wal-Maghāzī (p. 107-108)]
Sh. ‘Abdul-Qādir al-Jīlānī رحمه الله said :
❝The rising of Allāh above Throne (Istiwā) is mentioned in EVERY book that Allāh ever revealed upon a Prophet.❞
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