This civil engineering video tutorial provides the detail guidelines to work out the concrete quantity for beams used in water tank, headroo
This civil engineering video tutorial provides the detail guidelines to work out the concrete quantity for beams used in water tank, headroom and lift room.
The drawings for beams are created in AutoCAD and the entire calculation is done in excel sheet.
Calculation of concrete quantity for head room beam :-
As for example, the length of beam is given as 4.77m and its size is 0.23m x 0.30m and number of beam is 1.
So, the quantity of beam will be number x length x size = 1 x 4.77 x 0.23 x 0.30 = 0.33 cubic meter.
Calculation of concrete quantity for floor beams of lift :-
As for example, the length of beam is given as 2.15m and its size is 0.23m x 0.30m and numbers of beams are 4.
So, the quantity of beam will be number x length x size = 4 x 2.15 x 0.23 x 0.30 = 0.59 cubic meter.
In order to obtain final quantity, sums up all the quantities of beams.
The above process can be followed to work out quantity of concrete for beams for all the floors.
In this comprehensive guide, we will explore the meaning and definition of the plinth area, its significance in construction projects, the m
When it comes to the construction and estimation of residential or commercial properties, one of the essential terms you will often come across is "plinth area." Whether you are a homeowner, architect, contractor, or real estate enthusiast, understanding the concept of the plinth area is crucial.
What is Plinth Area?
The plinth area, also known as the built-up area, is a fundamental architectural term used to describe the total floor area covered by a building's walls, measured from the outer edge of the walls. It includes the area occupied by all rooms, corridors, balconies, and other enclosed spaces within the building at the floor level. Plinth area is a vital factor in construction, as it forms the basis for various calculations, such as construction cost estimates, property tax assessments, and utility consumption predictions.
Understanding the Significance of Plinth Area
The plinth area of a building plays a crucial role in determining its overall size, utility, and aesthetic appeal. Various regulations and building codes are linked to the plinth area to ensure that constructions adhere to standard norms. Moreover, it impacts the property's value and resale potential. Larger plinth areas generally translate to higher construction costs and vice versa. Understanding the significance of the plinth area is vital for all stakeholders involved in a construction project.
Learn about the role of a Quantity Surveyor, their responsibilities, and the potential career opportunities in this particular job role.
Who is a Quantity Surveyor?
A Quantity Surveyor is a professional who manages the costs and financial aspects of a construction project. They play a crucial role in ensuring that projects are completed within budget and financial constraints.
Their responsibilities include estimating and monitoring costs, preparing budgets, handling contracts and procurement, and assessing the value of work done.
Quantity Surveyors work closely with architects, engineers, contractors, and clients to provide accurate cost advice, manage financial risks, and ensure that projects are economically viable. They also handle cost variations, claims, and settlements throughout the construction process.
What are the responsibilities of a Quantity Surveyor?
The responsibilities of a Quantity Surveyor in the field of construction can vary depending on the specific project and organization. However, here are some common responsibilities:
Cost Estimation: Assessing and estimating the costs of materials, labour, equipment, and other resources required for a construction project. This involves analyzing project plans, and specifications, and conducting site visits.
Budgeting: Preparing and managing project budgets, including forecasting costs and expenditures. Quantity Surveyors monitor and control costs throughout the project to ensure it remains within budgetary constraints.
Tendering and Procurement: Preparing tender documents, evaluating bids, and negotiating contracts with suppliers, subcontractors, and vendors. Quantity Surveyors handle the procurement process to obtain the best value for money.
Cost Control: Monitoring and controlling project costs, tracking expenses, and analyzing cost variances. They identify cost-saving opportunities and suggest value engineering options without compromising quality.
Valuation and Payment: Assessing the value of work completed by contractors and subcontractors, preparing progress payment certificates, and managing payment processes. Quantity Surveyors ensure accurate and fair compensation for work done.
Risk Management: Identifying and assessing financial risks associated with a project. They analyze potential cost overruns, delays, and changes and implement strategies to mitigate risks.
Contract Administration: Managing contract documentation, change orders, and claims. Quantity Surveyors review contract terms and conditions, handle contractual disputes and ensure compliance with legal and regulatory requirements.
Final Account Settlement: Evaluating the final costs of a project, reconciling variations, and preparing the final account statement. Quantity Surveyors negotiate and settle final payments with contractors and subcontractors.
Value Engineering: Collaborating with architects, engineers, and contractors to find cost-effective alternatives that maintain the desired project quality. Quantity Surveyors suggest value engineering options to optimize costs.
What is the scope of taking the role of a Quantity Surveyor as a career?
Taking the role of a Quantity Surveyor as a career can offer a promising and diverse scope within the construction industry. Here are some key aspects of the career scope for Quantity Surveyors:
A brief description of how recycled nappies can be used as a replacement for sand in construction is given in this article.
Concrete is a popular building material made of a mixture of cement, sand, and other aggregates. Sand is an essential component of concrete, as it provides a workable consistency and forms a strong bond between the cement and other aggregates. Sand is also an important factor in the strength and durability of concrete.
The size and shape of the sand particles in concrete play a significant role in determining the strength and durability of the material. The larger the particles, the more space between them, allowing water to pass through more quickly. This reduces the amount of time and energy required to dry the concrete and leads to a higher strength.
It is estimated that 300,000 disposable nappies are disposed of on a daily basis, either incinerated or ended up in the environment. New housing construction methods have found a way of safely and constructively reusing these materials.
Geocell in construction is a flexible and cost-efficient method. Geocell is a Cellular Confinement system that is three-dimensional, lightwe
Geocell in Construction was first invented in between the late 1970s and early 1980s. Geocell can be defined as a Cellular Confinement system that is three-dimensional, lightweight, and made of High-density polyethylene (HDPE).
It is by default a strong and ultrasonically welded, it is expandable on-site and has a honeycomb-like structure. During installation, the strips that are interconnected to each other expand and form flexible three-dimensional structural walls where materials are placed and compacted.
The depth of the Geocell in construction can vary according to the requirements. It forms a rigid to semi-rigid composite structure. Geocell is generally filled with sand or gravel materials. It also creates a free-drainage system that holds the materials and prevents movement. It also improves the structural functions of soil and average filling materials.
The field model sample structure was designed to compare Geocell with a normal CC road. Both experimental and comparative study was to be carried out on embankment support with Geocell and without Geocell.
The main intention of this experiment is to study the properties of embankment with Geocell and normal cement concrete road. It also clearly helps to study the various features, the load-carrying capacity of pavements with Geocell, and simple CC road.
Type of Geocell
Geocell can be differentiated basically into two types:
Perforated Geocell: This type of Geocell has uniform holes in the walls that help in the proper distribution of pressure and reduce deformation. The large number of edges that later turn into cells is the main reason for improved pressure distribution. The strength and integrity mainly depend on perforated panels within.
Non-Perforated Geocell: This type of Geocell have smooth, thick walls. It is also a three-dimensional structure with usually a polymer sheet with ultrasonic welding.
Read all the details about TrueBend, the object-bending SketchUp extension from Thom Thom.
Arguably the most popular 3D modeling and design software on earth, Trimble SketchUp gathers its immense following and customer base due to the user-friendliness and flexibility of the application. The flexibility comes from the enabling of adding external code, called “extensions” or “plugins”, into SketchUp. These extensions enhance the way SketchUp tools behave, add new tools or new content to enrich and ease your usage of the software.
One of the points to remember while intending to use SketchUp extensions is that only the SketchUp Pro version or above allows the users to import extensions within it. The Free, Make or Shop versions do not have this ability.
Most extensions for SketchUp are found in the Extension Warehouse from Trimble, which has released the 2.0 version of it recently with new and improved features. Other third-party web sites also host SketchUp extensions. One of these Extensions is called TrueBend, and it is that of which we will talk about today.
The lapping zone in the column refers to that region in which the reinforced steel bars have been overlapped to provide reinforcement. Learn
The lapping zone in the column indicates the length of overlap between two reinforcing bars, which has been used in the construction of the concrete columns. The lapping zone in the concrete column helps to ensure the continuity of the reinforcement, as well as providing sufficient strength to the columns. In addition, the lapping length i the concrete columns also helps to ensure that the loads have been transferred and distributed effectively.
The lapping has been done at the points of the concrete columns, where the bending moments are low. For example, the lapping has been done at the mid-height of the concrete column. In addition, the laps are staggered at the different sessions of the concrete column, which helps to ensure the uniform distribution of the reinforcement in the concrete column.
Learn about the accurate lapping length of the steel bars in the reinforced columns
The lapping length of the steel bar is one of the important factors in reinforced columns, as it helps to estimate the strength of the connection between two steel bars. In the case that the lapping length of the steel bars is too short, the ability of the steel bars to transfer the load may be hampered, which can increase the risks of potential failures. In general, two types of lapping lengths have been used in the reinforced columns, which are:
Tension lap: This type of lapping length has occurred in those areas where the steel bars have been subjected to tension. For example, the tension lap has been used in the upper portion of the columns.
Compression lap: The compression lap has occurred in those areas which are subjected to compressive forces. For example, it has been used in the lower portion of the columns.
Discuss the effectiveness of the lapping zone in the reinforced columns
Structural strength maintenance
The lapping zone in the reinforced columns helps to ensure the effectiveness of the steel bars. This steel bar's effectiveness influences the resistance capacity towards the bending and shear forces, thus increasing the overall strength of the concrete columns.
Crack and failure prevention failure
The appropriate lapping zone of the concrete columns also helps to reduce the risks of cracks or any kind of structural failure under load.
Meeting safety standards
Appropriate lapping in the concrete columns also helps to ensure that it complies with the regulations and safety standards of the building structure, which is important for maintaining the safety of any kind of construction project.
Cracks appearing in concrete are a dangerous matter and need to be settled immediately. Learn how to repair the cracks in concrete.
It is generally determined that concrete structures face cracking hassle in the course of its lifestyles. This crack ought to be given extreme and careful attention and repair on proper time. Repairing cracked concrete involves quite a few time and value constraints.
There are several techniques of concrete crack restore. Choosing the ideal technique of concrete crack repair will let you save a whole lot of time, cash and power and might deliver long-lasting results.
It is vital to understand the kind and nature of cracks that have appeared inside the construction to have the ability to pick out the most suitable and price-effective technique of restore. It is also vital to recognize the cause of cracks so that it is able to be corrected to preserve the cracks from recurring.
The following are the methods of repairing cracks in concrete:
Epoxy Injections: Epoxy injection technique of concrete crack repair can be used to bond the cracks having greater than or same to 0.05mm opening. This technique is not appropriate for crack is energetic and if the cracks are large in number, or whilst the water leakage can't be controlled.
In this approach, the cracks on uncovered concrete surfaces are sealed through injecting epoxy under the concrete crack. But, it's essential to find and connect the major motive of cracks before injecting the epoxy into the cracks otherwise the cracks will keep on emerging once more and again.
Problems which include leakages and silt contamination harm the efficiency of epoxy, therefore it is recommended to fix these problems earlier than injecting the epoxy to make it remaining longer. The Epoxy injection approach of crack repair requires quite a few discipline and skillful execution so that you need to make sure that the person executing the repairs knows his work.
Epoxy resin loses power while exposed to fireplace or sustained elevated temperatures and fireproofing safety is required for such structural maintenance.
Brick Control is an application based in the cloud that helps you to manage your construction projects in a simple, straightforward, and eff
Brick Control is an application based in the cloud that helps you to manage your construction projects in a simple, straightforward, and efficient manner. Using Brick Control lets professionals and companies work more efficiently on a project. Our services include estimates, project progress reports, certifications, cost analysis, and more.
Features of Brick Control
Learn why so many people all over the world rely on Brick Control, the easiest and most efficient project management tool available. Brick control will work with any PC, Mac, I-Pad, I-Phone, from any company, in any language, any currency, from any location.
Study
You can create projects for your company or for a branch of your company and access them anywhere. Create budgets automatically based on costs imported from databases.
Management
Your projects can be scheduled, checked for progress, and certified easily. Mobile phone pictures can be uploaded to Brick Control, and they can be shared with anyone.
Execution
Assign all the costs to the corresponding project and at the level of detail that you need, and then calculate the resources your project needs. As a global, stage, or work package level resource manager, Brick Control calculates the resources needed for your project.
Control
The Brick Control software helps you manage the costs overruns of your projects in real-time and determine exactly which areas need to be addressed so that you can take the appropriate measures in an efficient manner.
This article is all about the latest plug-in of SketchUp known as Architecture for SketchUp along with various type of texture. Here you als
Architextures for SketchUp where you can create materials with the help of Architextures web app directly in SketchUp.
Materials could be imported quickly, by allowing you to instantly trial materiality options for the design and avoiding the need to download, As it’s imported and scale materials manually. Imported textures can be edited after by right clicking on some face with that material assigned and selecting 'Edit with Architextures' from the context menu from the web app.
What is Architecture?
Architectures which is a huge collection of high quality seamless textures for the use of architectural drawings and 3D models. On the site all texture are procedural meaning the dimensions, patterns, colours and more can be edited using for Architextures Create, our custom-built web app which is creating seamless textures.
Here is an article about sustainable building materials, including their merits & demerits.
Sustainable building materials are becoming increasingly popular and are set to revolutionize the way we build going forward. Through their unique properties, green building materials offer a variety of advantages over traditional materials in terms of sustainability and cost savings.
Define Sustainable Building Materials
Sustainable building materials are often made from recycled materials, reducing the amount of waste created during construction. This can help to reduce the carbon footprint of a project and provide further cost savings. Furthermore, many green building materials are non toxic, meaning they are safer for the environment as well as for the people who work on the building site.
Sustainable Building Materials Types
Bamboo
There is no harm to the environment when bamboo is harvested since it is a fast-growing grass. Flooring, ceilings, walls, and furniture can be constructed from this durable, lightweight material.
Cork
There are a few trees capable of regenerating their bark, such as the cork oak tree. Due to its strength and water resistance, cork is suitable for a wide range of construction uses, such as insulation, flooring, and wall coverings.
Timber
A sustainable forest is the best place to find wood to build with. There are many uses for wood in construction, including framing and roofing. It is durable, lightweight, and can be used for many types of construction projects.
Recycled Cycle
There is no impact on steel's performance or properties when it is recycled repeatedly. The low cost of this material makes it an excellent choice for building large structures. It is also readily available in large quantities compared to other building materials.
Straw Bales
In place of conventional building materials, straw bales can be used. In addition to providing excellent insulation against both heat and cold, it is a renewable resource.
Rammed Earth
The soil is mixed with straw or clay and compacted into blocks after combining with other materials. Construction projects around the world have used it for centuries because it is a durable material.
Pneumatic structures are architectural and engineering designs that utilize air pressure to maintain their shape and stability.
Pneumatic structures are an essential part of modern construction technology, recognized for their lightweight, cost-effective, and aesthetically innovative features. These structures rely on air pressure to maintain their shape and stability, offering unique architectural and engineering possibilities.
What Are Pneumatic Structures?
Pneumatic structures are architectural forms supported by internal or external air pressure rather than conventional framing systems. The envelope or membrane is usually made of flexible materials like PVC-coated polyester, ETFE (Ethylene Tetrafluoroethylene), or polyurethane, and is kept inflated through a continuous or static air pressure system.
There are two main pressure systems:
Low-pressure systems, commonly used in temporary buildings.
High-pressure systems, utilized for more permanent structures.
Air acts as the structural element, providing support without the need for columns or beams, allowing vast open interior spaces.
Types of Pneumatic Structures
1. Air-Supported Structures
Air-supported structures use internal air pressure to support the membrane, which is usually anchored to the ground or a rigid base. The pressure inside is slightly higher than the atmospheric pressure, creating a cushion effect.
Example: Sports domes, temporary warehouses.
Key Feature: Requires airlock doors to prevent air escape.
The types of combined footings are also numerous. This article explains how Combined Footing should be used and what its benefits and drawba
Combined Footing refers to several columns in a straight line that spreads out over a single spread footing. When two columns are close together, the soil bearing capacity is lower and the combined footing use is higher. It is better to provide a combined footing than separate isolated footings when two columns are close together. The cost of isolated footings is typically lower.
When you use Combined Footing
Combination footings can take the shapes of rectangles, trapezoids. It is ultimately necessary to achieve uniform pressure distribution under the entire footing area. It is best to align the center of gravity of the footing area with that of the total load of two or more columns.
There is an overlap of two adjacent columns.
Isolated footings overlap due to low soil bearing capacity.
Building lines, existing buildings, or sewers are columns that can find near a building.
Types of Combined Footing
Rectangular Footing
When one of the projections of a footing is restricted or when the footing's width is restricted, a rectangular footing is used.
Trapezoidal Footing
When the load on one column exceeds the load on another, a trapezoidal footing requires. The trapezoidal column must always carry the heavier load when an outer column is near the boundary line to bring the C.G of the footing line with the C.G of the total load of the column.
Strap Footing
An eccentric load on the part of a footing will result from the strap combined footing where one column sits on a property line. As a result, add a beam in the footing to restrain the effect of overturning.
Raft Footing
There are several types of Combined Footing, but Raft Footing is one that covers the entire area beneath a structure and supports all its walls & columns.
In this comprehensive guide, we will explore the meaning and definition of the plinth area, its significance in construction projects, the m
When it comes to the construction and estimation of residential or commercial properties, one of the essential terms you will often come across is "plinth area." Whether you are a homeowner, architect, contractor, or real estate enthusiast, understanding the concept of the plinth area is crucial.
What is Plinth Area?
The plinth area, also known as the built-up area, is a fundamental architectural term used to describe the total floor area covered by a building's walls, measured from the outer edge of the walls. It includes the area occupied by all rooms, corridors, balconies, and other enclosed spaces within the building at the floor level. Plinth area is a vital factor in construction, as it forms the basis for various calculations, such as construction cost estimates, property tax assessments, and utility consumption predictions.
Understanding the Significance of Plinth Area
The plinth area of a building plays a crucial role in determining its overall size, utility, and aesthetic appeal. Various regulations and building codes are linked to the plinth area to ensure that constructions adhere to standard norms. Moreover, it impacts the property's value and resale potential. Larger plinth areas generally translate to higher construction costs and vice versa. Understanding the significance of the plinth area is vital for all stakeholders involved in a construction project.
The size of your property can help you plan your building requirements. The following article provides information about measuring plot area
Before you begin a project, you must measure your lot to determine the size of your building. When you search public records, you can often find your lot size and property lines; however, the lines may have been defined by a hedge that has been cut down or a stream that has dried up. Simple methods exist for measuring plot areas.
Your purchase paperwork should include a description of the lot size if the deed or other documents do not specify it specifically. You can measure the lot size for free online if you have not bought the land you want to build on yet, and you cannot find it in public records.
Compute the Total Area of an Acre
A popular method of calculating the square footage of a property is to measure the length and width and multiply that number by the total.
To calculate your acreage, you will need to divide your square footage by the square feet in an acre, and the result is your total acreage. If your property is an odd shape, not a square or rectangle, and you cannot estimate your taxes on it, it can be more difficult to calculate.
Setback
Usually, when someone hears the term setback, they conjure up thoughts of obstacles. If you're building a house, the term has an entirely different meaning. Houses and other structures must be set back from a property line by the setback term.
It is possible, for instance, that your area requires home construction to be 25 feet away from the front property line, 5 feet on either side and 15 feet back.
As well as setbacks from streets and wetlands, setbacks can refer to areas where local government has determined shouldn't be developed or occupied by buildings. Lots with irregular shapes often follow different rules than those with perfect squares or rectangles.
Explore the advantages and drawbacks of waffle slab foundations, their unique features, and essential maintenance tips.
When it comes to building the foundation of a structure, engineers and architects have a myriad of choices. One such option that has gained popularity in recent years is the waffle slab foundation. This innovative structural foundation design offers a unique set of advantages and disadvantages that make it worth exploring.
In this comprehensive guide, we will delve into what a waffle slab foundation is, its features, its pros and cons, its limitations, and important considerations when using it in construction.
Understanding Waffle Slab Foundation
What is a Waffle Slab Foundation?
A waffle slab foundation, also known as a ribbed or grid slab foundation, is a reinforced concrete foundation with a distinctive grid-like pattern on its undersurface. It is designed to distribute the load of a structure evenly over the underlying soil.
This innovative foundation system consists of a series of beams (known as ribs) that intersect to form a grid, with the intersections being referred to as "waffles" or "pods." The waffle slab provides structural stability and minimizes the amount of concrete required compared to conventional solid slabs.
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