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Neo Modern Architecture : Deconstructive Philosophy to Architecture

Neo modern architecture was born along with Peter Eisenman’s publication about “post-functionalism” in Spring 1977. Douglas Davis referred to neo modern architecture as “elegant new geometry” from the modern architecture era. Neo modern is considered as “the better twin” of post-modern architecture, as both were responses for modern architecture and carried the same expressiveness spirit. However, neo modern architecture still used the principles from the previous eras to their design by questioning their architectural aspects, where postmodern architecture simply wanted to be different and freed from the principles.

Peter Eisenman, one of the most influential deconstructivist architects

Neo modern architecture began with the idea of deconstructing the influence of previous architectural movements into their works. They opposed traditional architecture and considered it as the ‘objects’ of the deconstruction movement. Meanwhile, post modern architecture embraced the historical reference to their works

Neo modern and post-modern architecture also can be distinguished by the essence of the buildings. Postmodern doesn’t play with building’s function, where neo modern questioning the essence of the buildings and its geometry.

In post-modern, language of architecture used is based on signified and signifier, about the ‘concept’ and the ‘representation’ in architecture. Neomodern, carrying the idea of deconstructivism, attempts to dismantle and separate the pair of the signified/signified.

Deconstructive, popularized by Jacques Derrida in terms of philosophy and linguistics, attempts to dismantle Western metaphysics which is based on classic conviction about the centrality of presence where existence lies on presence. The main targets to be deconstructed are centrality of presence, logocentrism, phonocentrism, centrality of language, binary oppositions and the undecidables.

Derrida rejected the centrality of presence and its philosophical concept which was defined in the present or “now”. He attempted to dismantle the concept of presence and absence in Western metaphysics. Deconstruction rejected logocentrism (the “symbol”) as well as phonocentrism (the “sounds”), attempting to deconstruct the sign, the unification of signified and signifier, and separate the pair. By the deconstruction of signs, it will allow continuous iteration that creates new signs. Deconstruction also tried to expose the dualism of binary oppositions, which is one component usually holds more privilege than the other, and deconstructs them without privilege to show the true meaning of both.

Deconstructivism is a method in reading, by questioning the basic structures. The strategy of deconstructivism is to free the text to open to many interpretations.

Peter Eisenman interpreted the concept of presence and absence in Derrida’s writing as solid and void in architecture. Both Derrida and Eisenman agreed that the place of presence is architecture, and architecture is a way to communicate meaning, therefore as well as linguistics, architecture can be deconstructed.

Deconstructive architecture’s works can not be identified by naked eye by others, but the practical architects themselves by questioning their design.

When deconstructive philosophy tried to shake the Western metaphysics, deconstruction in architecture attempted to dismantle the Euclidean geometric principles by asking questions referring to compatibility, unity, and stability. The question included such as “Should architecture be functionalist? Could architecture be freed from classical aesthetics?”. In architecture, deconstructivist architects must question the principles and fundamentals of architecture. The questioning, and answering, will lead to create new concepts of forms and spaces.

Berlin Holocaust Memorial by Peter Eisenman, signifiers without signified

Deconstruction also can be done through breaking the bond between form and function. Eisenman designed the Berlin Holocaust Memorial without any particular meaning, led the cubes to be signifiers of nothing, the presence of absence. This way of deconstructing also led to paradoxes in architectural design. The design can be either meaningful or meaningless depending on the ‘audience’ of the architecture.

Another way to deconstruct in architecture is through binary oppositions to found the distinction and difference of two opposite elements. The idea of deconstruction influenced many architects in their making of architecture.

These days, deconstructivism in architecture can be done simply by using technologies and softwares to design. In pra-design phase, deconstructivism is a way of thinking to dig at the essence of architectural elements. Together with the rise of deconstructive or neo modern, it brought a new color to the architecture world that differs from the classic aesthetics architecture.

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Hoteit, A. (2015). Deconstructivism: Translation From Philosophy to Architecture. Canadian Social Science, 11 (7), 1-13. Available from: http://www.cscanada.net/index.php/css/article/view/7240 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/7240

#neo modern architecture #deconstructivism #architecture #articles

Postmodern Architecture : an ‘outrageous’ era

Postmodern emerged as a counter response to the failure of modern architecture. They conveyed free-thinking movement with conceptual consideration to the surrounding environment. Postmodern used architectural language to send complex messages of the buildings. With the idea of free-thinking, it was hard to define which building is postmodern work.

As the fall of modern architecture, post modern movement began to emerge more to the combination of art and ornament of pre modern era and the scientific of modern era. Learning from the modernism era, post-modern intended to rediscover classical architecture and apply them to modern structure, it is considered as a combination of geometric forms with ornaments as shown from their façade, material, construction, or other architectural elements. To convey the meaning of the buildings, post-modern used linguistic analogy such as metaphor, word and phrases, syntaxes, and semantics. Postmodernism in Europe founded more to urban context and typologies side with heavy reference to pre modern era. Meanwhile in America, they appeared more of monumental architecture from their traditions.

Vanna Venturi House by Robert Venturi and Denise Scott Brown, often described as the first postmodern building

Moreover, reading a post-modern architecture is not an easy task. Owen Hopkins, in his book Architectural Styles, described the architecture that has left modern architecture as ‘After Modernism’ which consist of regionalism, postmodernism, deconstructivism, eco-architecture, expressive rationalism, and contextualism. While Jencks described postmodern era can be categorized as fundamental classicism, latent classicism, modern traditionalism, ironic classicism, and canonical classicism. Let alone a bunch of postmodern ideology. The free-thinking fundamental idea of postmodern led to difficulties in reading them.

Iconic building, for example, rises in the era of post-modern with the decline of monumental buildings from the previous era that held more sacred and spiritual meaning. The iconic building of the city shifted to more of an economic-purposed building. These buildings rely on the media to bring up the topic of iconic to make it ‘iconic’. It has to be controversial enough to cause pros-cons among society to be debated in the media and have lasting power of an icon. The point of these buildings is more of “awe” and “shock” rather than the meaning itself. This is contradictory to the usage of architectural language to deliver its meaning as it cannot convey them properly.

New Guggenheim by Frank Gehry that created the Bilbao Effect of iconic buildings

New Guggenheim by Frank Gehry became the most influential building of that time, bringing out Bilbao Effect where the architecture was built to uplift the economy for surrounding areas. It later spread out across the globe and became a trend. This led the ‘iconic’ term in iconic buildings to be questioned by critics as the buildings were more of trends at that time.

The contextualism in postmodern is also different from the contextualism we used to know that sought to be ‘in keeping’ with the surroundings. This shows how difficult it is to read post-modern works because sometimes, if not most of the time, the content of the architecture that was stated as postmodern is contradictory to its own term’s definition and other terms we used to know. The wide range of categories in postmodern is also not helping in learning the works.

Piazza d’Italia by Charles Moore in New Orleans

After the fall of post-modern, it has been called ugly, superficial, and derivative to the point that architects would not admit being part of post-modern. But the postmodern era still contributes a lot of iconic buildings these days and a bunch of experimental architecture works back in the days. The core thinking of postmodern can still be implemented in designing architecture to have free-thinking with conceptual consideration to the surrounding environment.

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Charles Jencks (2006) The iconic building is here to stay, City: analysis of urban trends, culture, theory, policy, action, 10:01, 3-20, DOI: 10.1080/13604810600594605

Hopkins, Owen. 2014. Architectural Styles, A Visual Guide. London: Laurence King Publishing Ltd

Winston, Anna. 2015. The Dezeen guide to Postmodern architecture and design. Dezeen. Retrieved from https://www.dezeen.com/2015/07/23/guide-to-postmodern-architecture-design-glenn-adamson/

#articles #postmodern #postmodern architecture #school assignment

Modern Architecture : a Learning for Architecture These Days

Modernism in architecture was indirectly brought out by the industrial revolution between 1750 and 1850 with the invention of the steam engine. Occurred in Europe and the United States, industrial revolution was a whole turning point for technology and led to the inventions of building’s material and architecture. First emerged in the early twentieth century, modern architecture began to gain reputations after World War II, after it contributed solutions to modern mass housing which meet basic social needs. Modern architecture used the function of the buildings as its strong base in terms of designing a building by the usages of newly invented materials, structural innovations, and elimination of ornaments.

Post war housing : Park Hill Estate, Sheffield, by Jack Lynn and Ivor Smith

Designing purely based on a building's purpose became a strong principal in modern architecture. This principle leads to its formal aspect following how the building will be used. It constructed asymmetrical compositions, minimize ornaments used in the design, and tendency toward “plain” architecture with a neutral palette. Building’s materials used commonly are newly invented materials to those days, such as reinforced concrete, steel frames, plastic, ribbon windows and curtain walls. These building’s materials were applied raw and honest.

Modern architecture is considered as an era full of arrogant, ambitious and idealist architects in which they believed that a better architecture would be followed by a better world. Modernist architects around the post war era brought out their very own point of view and idealism, acted all high and mighty, and put their clients, users and even professionals excluded, even dragged them down, from their projects.

For example, Corbusier gave a statement about how a house must be “a machine for living in”. Home should have the purity of form of a well-designed machine to provide its function. Some modernist projects even came with furniture and more to tie down the design to not be changed by its future users. However, users need identity and comfort that might not be equal between one and another. This condition led the houses to lose its comfort and turned to ‘house’ rather than a ‘home’.

The fall of St. Louis Notorious Pruitt-Igoe Housing Project, also the fall of modern architecture

Moreover, modern architecture diminished the historical and cultural aspects to rebuild cities, resulting in major demolition of historical buildings or disrespectful building characteristics to its surrounding area.

Postmodern later emerged as a counter response to the failure of modern architecture. Started in the 1970s, post modern conveyed free-thinking movement with conceptual consideration to the surrounding environment. Learning from the modernism era, post-modern intended to rediscover classical architecture and apply them to modern structure. Postmodern used architectural language to send complex messages of the buildings. With the idea of free-thinking, it was hard to define which building is postmodern work.

Piazza d’Italia by Charles Moore, a postmodernism in architecture

Contradiction became the core thinking of postmodernism to embrace contextuality by mixing various styles and various elements from various eras to create unique architecture. It resulted in familiar looking buildings that somehow honored local history but had new visual appeal.

However, modern architecture is still described as the finest solutions for post war middle-class mass housing to solve social problems, such as slum and poverty. Even until now, the minimalism of modern architecture is still applied in social housing projects and modern living. Architecture these days should learn from the failure of modern architecture and to become more respectful, not only to the clients and users, but also to the history and culture of the surrounding environment. Minimalist structure can still be applied to mass housing and considering the probability of its growth in identity by users.

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Knox, Paul L. 1987. The Social Production of the Built Environment Architects, architecture and the Post-Modern City. 11: 354-371

Hopkins, Owen. 2014. Architectural Styles, A Visual Guide. London: Laurence King Publishing Ltd

Rowe, Hayley A. 2011. The Rise and Fall of Modernist Architecture. Inquiries Journal/Student Pulse 3 (04), http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/a?id=1687

#arcticle #modernarchitecture #contemporary architecture #this one is my assignment #school assignment

heartshapedglassesandbubblegums

A: The human body is 70% water. We’re all basically cucumbers with anxiety.

B: With the amount of salt and alcohol I consume, I’m more like an anxiety pickle.

sakurasou is so cute. that's how actually i dreamed about a dorm in college

missedchristinerose-blog

One golden rule in the shipping life: Don’t hate a character because of a ship. Don’t hate a person because of a ship. Don’t hate a ship because of a ship…

Reblog if you agree (via missedchristinerose-blog)

markhyuks

doyoung things ♡ happy birthday kim dongyoung! (b. 960201)

matokibap

poor Yongguk

minhyuq

Yongguk ranking B.A.P ㅋㅋ

Zeref: Let me tell you a little bedtime story.

Rahkeid: But I'm not sleepy.

Zeref: Once upon a time, there was a human. And he was the worst human in all the land. I mean, other humans were afraid of him he was such a bastard. Then, one day, he's cursed, by Ankhseram. They restore his human soul and suddenly he's mad with guilt. You know "What have I done..." You know, he's freaked.

Rahkeid: Okay. Now I'm sleepy.

Zeref: Yeah well, it's a fairly dull tale. It needs a bit of sex, is my feeling.

Zeef: So sure enough, enters a girl. Pretty little blonde thing. A magic user by trade. And our human falls madly in love with her. But eventually the two of them, well, they get fleshy with one another.

Zeref: And the moment he- well, I guess the technical term is "Perfect Happiness". But when our boy gets there, he goes bad he kills again. It's ugly.

Zeref: So when he gets his soul back for the second time, he figures hey he can't be anywhere near young Miss Puppy-Eyes without endangering them both. So what does he do? He takes off, goes to Alvarez, to fight evil and atone for his crimes. He's a shadow, a faceless champion of the hapless human race. Say, you wouldn't have a beer of any kind here, would you?

Rahkeid: (this is why he has daddy issues)