How to comfort someone: with examples
"Do you want to talk about it?"
"Do you want advice or just to talk?"
Emotional responses: "Oh no." "Oh my god." "What?!"
Sympathy: "I'm sorry you're going through this." "I'm sorry that happened to you."
Validate the severity: "That sounds awful." "That's terrible!" "That seems really tough."
Summarize what they're experiencing back to them: "It sounds like you're feeling overwhelmed." "So now you're hurt?"
Match their energy: "I'm just so frustrated." -> "It IS frustrating! It's pissing me off just to hear about it!"
Reassure: "It's okay to feel upset." "Anyone would feel upset about this." "You don't deserve this."
Relate: "I know how you feel because I experienced something similar." (Be sure to keep it brief and redirect the conversation back to them!)
Ask follow-up questions: "How are you feeling?" "How have you been handling it?" "Have you been sleeping well?"
Offer physical comfort, such as a hug. Accept that they may not want one.
Tell them you care about them and/or that you love them.
Tell them you're there for them.
Ask if there's anything they need. If they don't know, offer something. Things like inviting them to spend time together soon or offering to bring food are typically good go-to options for most people.
Only give advice if they ask for it.
Check back in with them regularly.
Don't feel stuck in the conversation: "I have to go to work, but I'll check in with you tonight." "I'm going to sleep, but you can call me if there's an emergency." "I have to go, but I really hope you feel better."
Set limits: "I'm not sure I can handle talking about this anymore, but I still want to be there for you. Let's do something together." "I'm not feeling up for talking about this right now, but I would still like to spend time with you. What else has been going on?"
Uplift (For use AFTER a conversation OR if they don't want to talk)
Be positive: tell jokes, act happy, send memes, be optimistic.
Encourage them to talk about and do other things (ideally with you).
Do something nice for them: give a gift, send them something that made you think of them, do something to make their life easier.
Accept that they may not be happy, and continue to enjoy their company anyway without pressuring them to be happy.
Give unhelpful phrases (e.g. "Everything happens for a reason", or "It'll get better soon").
Say minimizing or invalidating things.