The subject of suicide invokes fear, shame, guilt, and anger and it is taboo in many communities. The lack of openness about suicide makes it hard to identify people who are considering it. It also encourages myths about it such as the idea that talking about suicide encourages it.
In trying to understand the motives of people who try to end their own lives, sociologists and psychologists have classified suicide into types. There is, for example, 'rational' suicide. There is when a person, after thinking long and hard, decides to end their own life because continuing it would be too physically or emotionally painful. Another type is the 'cry for help'. It is gesture which means, 'If you don't pay attention to me, I will kill myself and then you'll be sorry'.
The type of suicide that is hardest to understand and therefore predict and prevent is the 'impulse' suicide. This is most common amongst young people, temporarily miserable and frequently influenced by alcohol. Impulse suicide attempts are often inspired by others, such as when the 18-year-old Japanese singer Yukiko Okada jumped to her death from a building. Over the following two weeks, 33 young Japanese people, one nine years old, killed themselves, 21 of them by jumping from buildings.
Many people who attempt suicide tell someone about their plans or give warning signs, so nurses who spend time with patients have a vital role to play in assessing risk and preventing suicide. They get opportunities to establish relationships which encourage disturber people to real feelings and thoughts which they may hide from family members or doctors.
In making an assessment of risk, nurse are trained to read non-verbal clues that may indicate a difference between what a patient says and what they are feeling. Sometimes a nurse may need to need to ask a direct question such as; 'Have you thought about harming yourself?' Sometimes they may have to break rules of confidentiality and involve other people in order to protect a patient's safety.
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