also, Marc Auge’s writing, when he popularized the term non-places (the eerie “placelessness” of standardized environments, increasingly ubiqituous since mid-20th-century post-war supermodernity; the way transit centers, supermarkets, hotels, highways seem oddly placeless and disturbing; how uncanny soulless corporate landscapes are standardized, appearing similar in locations on every continent …). that writing wasn’t just like an idle observation, like “oh neat, these spaces are really weird, like a void, a sort of regional Gothic strangely replicated across the world, the way that signs and ATMs and the cashier-customer relationship are all mediated transactions, corporate places are interesting, hmm.” because he was also straight-up explicitly saying that the soullessness and mediated-by-transaction aspects were deliberately created and enforced by modernity/supermodernity, on purpose, and more specifically created by Euro-American imperialism/hegemony. partially as a way to eliminate difference/variation (a fast-food place looks the same and serves the same food in both the subtropical savanna of Miami and the temperate rainforest of the Seattle area, on opposite corners of a continent). those environments work to displace you from the local landscape, to sever your connection to a regional identity, and instead incorporate people into a wider Financial/Carceral World. and these standardized transit and “customer” environments were designed partially as a way to control people by enforcing relatively new-ish concepts like citizenship, credit scores, licensing, in a way that prevents you from moving without participating in the system (must have driver’s license and pay the toll to use highway; must have passport to use airport; must have cash and/or credit card to use supermarket, etc.), and so then geographic space, all geographic space on the planet, will become inaccessible to you if you break the law, are too poor, are too “deviant.”