Sūrah Al Mujādilah {58:22}
Meaning, do not befriend the deniers, even if they are among the closest relatives.
Sa’īd bin ‘Abdul ‘Azīz and others said about this āyah:
لَّا تَجِدُ قَوْمًا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ
{You will not find any people who believe in Allāh and the Last Day..} was revealed in the case of Abu ‘Ubaydah ‘Āmir bin ‘Abdullāh bin al-Jarrāh, when he killed his disbelieving father, during the battle of Badr. This is why when ‘Umar bin Al-Khattāb placed the matter of Khilāfah in the consultation of six men after him, he said “If Abu ‘Ubaydah were alive, I would have appointed him the Khalīfah”.
It was also said that the āyah:
وَلَوْ كَانُوا آبَاءَهُمْ
{even though they were their fathers} was revealed in the case of Abu ‘Ubaydah, when he killed his father during the battle of Badr, while the āyah:
{or their sons} was revealed in the case of Abu Bakr As-Siddīq when he intended to kill his (disbelieving) son, ‘Abdur Rahmān (during Badr) while the āyah:
{or their brothers} was revealed about the case of Mus’ab bin ‘Umayr, who killed his brother, ‘Ubayd bin ‘Umayr, during Badr, and that the āyah:
{or their kindred} was revealed about the case of ‘Umar who killed one of his relatives during Badr, and also that this āyah was revealed in the case of Hamzah, ‘Alī and Ubaydah bin al-Hārith. They killed their close relatives ‘Utbah, Shaybah and Al-Walīd bin ‘Utbah that day.
أُولَٰئِكَ كَتَبَ فِي قُلُوبِهِمُ الْإِيمَانَ وَأَيَّدَهُم بِرُوحٍ مِّنْهُ
{For such He has written faith in their hearts, and strengthened them with Rūh from Himself} means, those who have the quality of not befriending those who oppose Allāh and His Messenger even if they are their fathers or brothers, are those whom Allāh has decreed faith, meaning, happiness in their hearts and made faith dear to their hearts and happiness reside therein.
As-Suddi said that the āyah:
تَبَ فِي قُلُوبِهِمُ الْإِيمَانَ
{He has written faith in their hearts} means ‘He has placed faith in their hearts’
وَأَيَّدَهُم بِرُوحٍ مِّنْهُ
{and strengthened them with Rūh from Himself} means ‘He gave them strength’
رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمْ وَرَضُوا عَنْهُ
{Allāh is well pleased with them, and they are well pleased with Him} contains a beautiful secret. When the believers became enraged against their relatives and kindred in Allah’s cause, He compensated them by being pleased with them and making them pleased with Him from what He has granted them of eternal delight, ultimate victory and encompassing favour.
أُولَٰئِكَ حِزْبُ اللَّهِ ۚ أَلَا إِنَّ حِزْبَ اللَّهِ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ
{They are the party of Allāh. Verily, the party of Allāh will be the successful} indicates that they are the party of Allāh, meaning, His servants who are worthy of earning His honour.
أَلَا إِنَّ حِزْبَ اللَّهِ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ
{Verily, the party of Allāh will be the successful} asserts their success, happiness and triumph in this life and the Hereafter, in contrast to those, who are the party of the devil.
~Tafsīr Ibn Kathīr (English- Abridged) Vol.9 pp.537-541.
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