Top 20 Interview Questions For a Fresher Software Tester
Software Testing is an activity to test and verify software performance and tracking errors in software development life cycle. Testing has important part to play in SDLC process as without testing performance of a particular application companies do not prefer to make it live.
Software tester is the one who is responsible for guiding developers and designers about software’s bugs or errors. Hence this activity cannot be ignored in the process of software development if you want a better customer experience.
In this article we have tried to cover usually asked interview questions to a Fresher Software Tester or Quality Assurance Specialist
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1. What Is Software Testing And What Inspired You To Pursue A Career In Software Testing?
Software testing is a process of evaluating software or an application to determine if it meets the specified requirements and works as expected. It involves running tests to identify defects or bugs that need to be fixed before the software is released to the end-users.
2. Explain Different Types of Testing
There are many types of testing that can be performed on software or an application, depending on the specific requirements and goals of the project. Some common types of software testing are as follows.
Functional Testing: This type of testing involves evaluating the functionality of an application by checking if it meets the specified requirements.
Performance Testing: This type of testing involves evaluating the performance of an application under various conditions, such as load, stress, and concurrency, to ensure that it can handle the expected volume of users and data.
Security Testing: This type of testing involves evaluating the security of an application by checking for vulnerabilities and potential threats that could compromise the confidentiality, integrity, or availability of data.
Compatibility Testing: This type of testing involves evaluating the compatibility of an application with different operating systems, browsers, hardware, and software to ensure that it works seamlessly across various environments.
Usability Testing: This type of testing involves evaluating the usability and user experience of an application by checking if it is easy to use, navigate, and understand, and if it meets the needs of the target audience.
Regression Testing: This type of testing involves testing previously working functionality after a new feature or bug fix has been implemented, to ensure that no new defects have been introduced into the system.
Exploratory Testing: This type of testing involves exploring an application in an unscripted manner to find defects and understand its behavior, without relying on pre-defined test cases or scenarios.
Acceptance Testing: This type of testing involves evaluating the suitability of an application for its intended use, to ensure that it meets the needs and expectations of stakeholders, and that it aligns with the business goals and requirements.
3. Explain the Testing Lifecycle
The testing lifecycle is a set of processes that are performed during the testing of software or an application to ensure that it meets the specified requirements and works as expected. The testing lifecycle typically consists of the following phases such as Test Planning, Test Design, Test Execution, Defect Reporting, Defect Retesting, and Test Closure
4. What Is Your Approach To Test Planning And Execution, And How Do You Prioritize Test Cases? Approach to Test Planning and Execution:
Understand the Requirements: The first step in test planning and execution is to understand the requirements and objectives of the project.
Define the Test Strategy: Based on the project requirements, the next step is to define the test strategy, which outlines the types of testing that will be performed, the testing approach, and the resources required for testing.
Develop Test Plan: Once the test strategy is defined, the next step is to develop a test plan that outlines the testing scope, test scenarios, and test cases to be executed. The test plan also includes the test schedule, roles and responsibilities of team members, and the expected outcomes of each testing activity.
Test Case Design: Based on the test plan, test cases are designed and developed to ensure that all aspects of the software or application are thoroughly tested. Test cases should cover all possible scenarios and be designed to identify any potential defects or bugs.
Test Execution: The test cases are executed according to the test plan, and the results are recorded in a test management tool.
Test Reporting: Once the testing is complete, a final test report is prepared, which summarizes the testing results, including the number of defects identified, the severity of the defects, and the overall quality of the software or application.
Prioritize test cases the following factors can be considered when prioritizing test cases:
By considering these factors, test cases can be prioritized effectively to ensure that the most critical areas of the software or application are thoroughly tested.
5. Explain What Is Regression And Exploratory Testing And How To Use It In Software Testing?
Regression testing is a type of software testing that is performed to make sure that previously developed and tested software continues to function correctly after changes have been made to it. Exploratory testing is a type of software testing approach that involves jointly learning, design and execution of test. In Exploratory Testing process the tester designs and executes test cases on the fly, while exploring and learning the software application being tested. By Selecting and Executing appropriate test cases and analysing the result properly in a timely manner Regression and Exploratory Testing can be used in software testing.
6. Explain What Is End To End Testing?
As the names suggest end to end testing is a process of testing software or an application from start to end. The main objective of this type of testing is to ensure that all components of the system work together as expected.
7. Explain the Concept of API
API stands for Application Programming Interface. It is a set of protocols, routines, and tools that enable different software applications to communicate and interact with each other. It provides standard interface for interacting with a software system or application, allowing developers to integrate it with their own software or services. APIs are generally used for building web applications, mobile apps, and other software products that rely on data from other systems
A test plan is a detailed document that outlines the overall approach, scope, objectives, resources, and schedule for a testing project. It provides a roadmap for how the testing team will conduct testing activities, including the types of tests that will be performed, the test environment, the testing tools and techniques to be used, the criteria for evaluating test results, and the roles and responsibilities of team members. A well-written test plan helps ensure that testing is performed systematically, efficiently, and effectively, ultimately leading to a higher quality product.
9. How Do You Track and Manage Defects in A Project?
By following below steps you can manager defects in a project:
• Identify and document defects
• Assign severity and priority levels
• Assign ownership and track progress
• Reproduce and isolate the defect
• Analyse and report on defects
10. What Is Test Environment, Sanity Testing, Unit Testing And Test Deliverables?
A test environment is a dedicated environment created specifically for software testing. The purpose of the test environment is to ensure that the software is tested thoroughly and accurately in a safe and controlled environment, without affecting the production environment.
Sanity testing is a type of software testing that is used to quickly evaluate whether a particular set of functionality or changes to the software are working as expected and have not introduced any major issues or defects. It is also known as a subset of regression testing. Sanity testing ensures the core functionality of the software working as expected after minor changes or modifications have been made to the system.
Unity testing is a software testing technique that involves testing individual units or components of a software application in isolation from the rest of the application. The main objective of unit testing is to verify that each individual unit or component of the software is working as expected and meets the functional requirements specified for that unit. It is performed during the application development phase once the code has been written, to identify and fix any defects in the individual units before integrating them with other units or components. Unity testing is an important software testing technique that helps ensure the quality and reliability of software applications by identifying and fixing defects at an early stage of the development process.
Test deliverables are the outputs produced during the testing process. They include documents, reports, and other materials that are used to communicate testing results and findings to stakeholders. Some common test deliverables include: Test Plan, Test Cases, Test Scripts, Defect Reports, Test Summary Report, Traceability Matrix, Setup Document, User Acceptance Test Plan, and Test Completion Report. Test Deliverable is a vital part of software testing process because they provide stakeholders with information about the quality of the software and the progress of the testing effort.
11. What Is Software Testing And What Inspired You To Pursue A Career In Software Testing?
Black-box testing is a software testing technique that focuses on testing the functionality of a software application without requiring knowledge of the internal workings of the application.
White-box testing, also known as structural testing, is a software testing technique that focuses on testing the internal workings of a software application, including the code, design, and architecture. In other words, the tester has access to the internal structure and implementation details of the application.
Grey-box testing is a software testing technique that combines elements of black-box testing and white-box testing. In grey-box testing, the tester has partial knowledge of the internal workings of the software application, including some access to the code, design, and architecture.
12. Explain the Difference between Black-Box Testing, White-Box Testing, Grey-Box Testing
In black-box testing, the tester has no knowledge of the internal workings of the software application and focuses only on testing the functionality of the application based on its inputs and outputs. The tester treats the software as a black box and evaluates its behavior as an end-user would.
In white-box testing, the tester has complete knowledge of the internal workings of the software application, including its code, design, and architecture. The tester evaluates the quality and completeness of the code and ensures that it meets the functional and non-functional requirements.
In grey-box testing, the tester has partial knowledge of the internal workings of the software application. The tester may have access to some information about the code or design of the application but not the full details.
13. Explain The Concept Of Test Scenarios, Test Scripts, And Test Cases In Software Testing.
A test scenario is a high-level description of a specific test case. It describes the intended behavior of a software application in a specific situation or under certain conditions. Test scenarios help identify the key areas of the application that need to be tested and provide a starting point for creating test cases.
Test Scripts: A test script is a set of instructions or commands that automate the execution of a test case. Test scripts can be written using various programming languages and automation tools. They help testers to save time and effort by automating repetitive and complex test cases.
Test Cases: A test case is a detailed description of a specific test scenario, including the steps to execute, the expected results, and the actual results. Test cases are typically created based on the requirements and specifications of the software application. They are executed by testers to ensure that the software application is working as expected.
14. Differentiate Bug And Errors In Software Testing.
A bug is a defect or flaw in the software that causes it to behave in an unexpected or incorrect way. Bugs can be introduced into software during development or can be caused by external factors, such as changes to the environment in which the software is running.
An error is a mistake made by a programmer during the development process. Errors can take many forms, such as syntax errors, logic errors, or semantic errors. Errors can cause bugs to be introduced into the software.
15. Explain The Concept Of Test Scenarios, Test Scripts, And Test Cases In Software Testing.
Debugging is the process of finding and fixing errors, or bugs, in software code. When a program is written, it may contain errors that prevent it from functioning properly. Debugging is the process of identifying and removing those errors. There are several categories of debugging such as Syntax errors, Logical errors, Runtime errors, Integration errors, Performance issues and Security issues.
By categorizing bugs in this way, developers can more easily identify and address the underlying cause of the problem.
16. What Is A User Story?
A user story is a short and simple description of a feature or requirement that a user / customer want from a software application. It is typically used in agile software development methodologies as a means of describing the desired behavior of a system from the perspective of the end-user.
17. What Are Some Of The Popular Testing Tools Explain Any 5 Tools With Description?
Selenium: A popular open-source tool for automating web browser testing, Selenium allows testers to write scripts in a variety of programming languages to simulate user actions and test web applications.
JUnit: A popular unit testing framework for Java applications, JUnit provides a simple and easy-to-use interface for testing individual units of code.
Appium: Appium allows testers to automate testing of iOS, Android, and Windows mobile apps using a variety of programming languages.
Postman: A popular tool for API testing, Postman allows developers and testers to create and automate tests for RESTful web services.
LoadRunner: A performance testing tool from Micro Focus, LoadRunner allows testers to simulate thousands of users accessing a web application simultaneously to identify performance bottlenecks.
18. Explain The Difference Between Manual And Automation Testing.
Manual testing is the process of testing software manually, by human testers who use the application to identify defects, bugs or issues. It involves the tester executing a series of predetermined steps in the software, manually verifying the results, and reporting any issues or defects.
Automated testing is the use of software tools to run predefined test cases on the software being tested. The test cases are created in advance and the testing tool runs them automatically, without the need for human intervention. The results are then compared against expected outcomes and any discrepancies are reported
19. What Is Agile Software Development Methodologies?
Agile software development is a set of methodologies and practices that prioritize flexibility, collaboration, and rapid iteration over rigid planning and documentation. The Agile approach emphasizes the value of delivering working software early and often, and allows for changes to be made throughout the development process in response to customer feedback and changing requirements.
Agile software development methodologies encourage collaboration, and continuous improvement. They are often used in software development projects that require a high degree of flexibility and adaptability.
20. How Will You Communicate Test Result & Findings To Stakeholders?
Communicating testing results and findings to project stakeholders is a critical part of the software testing process.
By using clear and concise language and providing detailed reports with the help of visuals and being transparent you can communicate test result & finding effectively to stakeholders.
By effectively communicating test results and findings to stakeholders, you can help ensure that everyone involved in the project is on the same page and trying to achieve the same goals.
Master your software testing skills by enrolling for an Advance Software Testing Course in Pune with one of the best Software Testing Institute and be prepared for any questions or task that you may come across while testing advance applications.
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