crib to crisis

by tat and nath

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Life at the Edge: Reflection, Fulfillment, and Regrets in Late Adulthood

Blog by Tatiana Isabel E. Demecillo

Late adulthood is often portrayed as a final chapter—quiet and fading. But when we look closely, this stage of life is full of depth, memory, contradiction, and quiet triumphs. It is a season shaped by wisdom earned through decades, by losses that deepen the heart, and by joys found in the smallest moments.

In this blog entry, we explore the story of an 81-year-old man whose life reflects the beauty and complexity of aging. His experiences—rooted in family, resilience, and reflection—offer a real and human look into what it means to grow old with grace, uncertainty, and hope.

Physical Development

At 81, his body tells the story of time. His hair has turned white, his skin sags, and dark spots trace his face like quiet reminders of years lived. His movements have slowed, that his big steps have become so small. Hearing has also become a struggle; during the interview, he repeatedly asked for questions to be repeated, trying his best to stay engaged despite the fading clarity of sound. However, he can still see well.

The man mentioned that he takes maintenance medication for a respiratory illness. Yet, he remains surprisingly active—traveling long distances from Bukidnon to Cagayan de Oro, Malaybalay, Davao, and even Samal Island to visit his children as he feels lonely despite the housekeeper's company in his house in Kitaotao, Bukidnon.

When asked about his observation of his physical aging, he believes his “fast aging” is genetic, which his parents also aged earlier than expected, reflecting cellular aging perspectives and the wear-and-tear theory, which explain how the body naturally deteriorates over time.

Physical development in late adulthood becomes less about strength and more about adaptation. And despite everything, he continues showing up for life in the ways he still can.

Cognitive Development

His cognitive changes reveal both the challenges and the resilience of aging. His working memory has weakened; at times, he struggles with mental math or quick problem-solving. Even his ability properly input information and comprehend also detoriates. One memorable incident was when he accidentally bought four bottles of cooking oil thinking they were apple juice—an example of declining reading processing and attention.

He sometimes forgets details or needs more time to think. But even as certain abilities decline, his wisdom remains—what Baltes’ SOC theory calls crystallized intelligence. Instead of resisting cognitive limitations, he adapts. He listens to political podcasts on his phone, stays mentally engaged through topics he enjoys, and relies on routine and familiarity.

Aging may change the mind, but it doesn’t erase a lifetime’s worth of insight.

Socioemotional Development

Emotionally, he stands at the crossroads of Erikson’s Integrity vs. Despair. When asked if he feels fulfilled, he says he cannot say for sure. He is proud—deeply proud—that all eight of his children graduated from university despite the poverty they grew up in. But he also carries regret to unresolved problems.

His spouse passed away years ago, and his partner—someone special to him—died just last year. He wasn’t able to say goodbye. The grief is still there, unspoken in detail but heavy in his silence when asked.

Still, he finds comfort in family. He loves visiting his children’s homes, eagerly helping with chores he still can manage. He has a gentle attachment to plants—watering them, touching their leaves, checking their soil as if tending them were a language of love.

Despite loneliness, loss, and unanswered questions, he continues to move forward. “I still have a long way to go,” he said—an expression of hope rarely voiced in late adulthood.

Milestones

Retirement has allowed him to travel, reflect, and spend time with the people who matter most. Seeing his children, grandchildren, and even great-grandchildren grow has become one of the most meaningful milestones of his older years.

Raising eight children through poverty and hardship is a milestone he treasures. Long bus rides, family gatherings, and routine visits have become part of how he marks time now. These experiences form a legacy—not written on paper, but in the lives he shaped.

Challenges

Late adulthood also brings challenges that weigh heavily on him. His illness requires daily medication, his hearing loss affects communication, and his declining memory causes small but frustrating mistakes. Walking slowly and carefully has become his new normal.

Emotionally, the loss of loved ones creates wounds that time has not fully healed. Even with frequent family visits, he sometimes moves quietly through the world—carrying stories he never fully shares and regrets he cannot articulate.

But in every challenge, there is resilience. He copes through routine, faith, family, and an acceptance of life’s imperfections.

Pleasures

For all its burdens, late adulthood remains full of simple joys for him. Watching podcasts about politics, visiting his children’s homes, tending to their plants, or simply sitting quietly brings him peace.

He no longer asks for much—he says he is satisfied with his life as it is. The biggest joy of all is seeing the future he helped create: his children, their children, and even the next generation after that. He smiles at the thought that he “did his job as a father,” despite all the struggles they faced.

His pleasures are simple, but they run deep.

Conclusion

Late adulthood is complex—filled with aches and slowness, yes, but also with wisdom, connection, and a softer appreciation for life. This man’s story reminds us that aging is not just decline. It is reflection. It is legacy. It is the quiet pride of seeing your life take root in others.

His journey is a testament to resilience: surviving poverty, raising eight children, enduring loss, and continuing to love life through simple routines and everyday joys. Even in uncertainty—between fulfillment and regret—he moves forward with grace.

And perhaps that is the true beauty of late adulthood: the ability to walk slowly, but live fully.

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In-between: Mid-life in Motion

Blog by Candace Nathalie N. Casa

Middle adulthood is frequently characterized as the “in-between” phase—when an individual stands at the crossroads of life, bearing the experiences of the past while looking ahead to the future. It’s a time filled with obligations and insights, where career pressures, family duties, and personal goals all intersect. Many who are in this phase find themselves raising children while also caring for elderly parents, trying to create stability while quietly grappling with questions about their purpose and satisfaction.

Yet amid the hectic pace lies a distinct beauty: the knowledge acquired through experience, the strengthening of bonds, and a clearer understanding of what is truly important. Middle adulthood unfolds not just as a challenge of endurance, but also as a period of development, resilience, and rediscovery.

Physical Development

During the interview, the participant discussed noticeable physical changes associated with middle adulthood. When asked how they cope with changes in energy and health, she said:

“I can’t move the way I used to. If I sleep late, my whole body complains the next day.”

Her coping strategy reflects Baltes’ Selective Optimization with Compensation (SOC) Theory. They shared that they no longer force their body to match their younger self’s pace; instead, they adjust routines to maintain efficiency:

“I choose my battles now. I prioritize what matters, I plan my day around my energy levels, and I compensate by resting more.”

She also emphasized that health and wellness have become deliberate priorities. She mentioned regular check-ups, moderate exercise, and stress management. This aligns with Erikson’s concept of generativity, as self-care is viewed as necessary to continue contributing to their family and community.

“I take care of myself so I can still be present for the people who depend on me.”

Cognitive Development

When asked about career perspectives, the interviewee explained that her motivations have shifted. Earlier in life, she was focused on building a name and achieving promotions; now, her goals lean toward stability, impact, and mentorship, a pattern consistent with Super’s Career Development Theory (Maintenance Stage).

She said:

“In my 20s and 30s, I wanted to prove myself. Now, I want my work to feel meaningful. I want to guide younger colleagues.”

The interviewee noted an improvement in problem-solving skills, describing a growth in crystallized intelligence shaped by years of experience. She explained that while she may not learn new tasks as fast as before, experience allows her to solve problems more efficiently.

“I may not be the fastest anymore, but I see patterns others miss. I can predict problems before they even happen.”

This reflects the idea that although fluid intelligence gradually declines in middle adulthood, it is balanced by deeper expertise and practical wisdom.

Socioemotional Development

The socioemotional responses revealed themes consistent with Carstensen’s Socioemotional Selectivity Theory (SST) and Erikson’s stage of Generativity vs. Stagnation (Balancing Work, Family, and Personal Life).

The interviewee acknowledged that balance is challenging and ongoing. She described setting boundaries to maintain harmony across different domains.

“I tell my coworkers, ‘I’m logging off at 7  PM, that’s family time.’ Some things can wait. My kids can’t.”

This reflects an understanding that emotional well-being requires constant readjustment, an idea supported by Bronfenbrenner’s ecological perspective, where multiple life systems interact. She also emphasized valuing emotional intimacy, trust, and meaningful conversations over large social circles:

“I don’t chase new friendships anymore. I invest in the people who truly matter.”

This fits the SST prediction that as people age, they prefer emotionally meaningful relationships over expanding networks. Furthermore, she viewed herself as someone who guides and supports younger individuals:

“I feel responsible for passing on what I’ve learned. I want the younger ones to avoid my mistakes.”

This clearly reflects generativity, the desire to nurture the next generation and leave a positive legacy.

Milestones

She described her proudest accomplishments as establishing a stable career, raising children who are “smart and grounded,” and maintaining strong relationships.

“Success is not just a career for me, it’s knowing the people around me are growing too.”

Challenges

The interviewee discussed several challenges common in middle adulthood:

managing work-life balance

caring for both children and aging parents (“sandwich generation”)

moments of self-reflection about life direction

She admitted experiencing something similar to a midlife transition described by Levinson:

“Sometimes I ask myself… is this the life I imagined? Am I where I’m supposed to be?”

Pleasures

Despite challenges, she shared that fulfillment now comes from daily experiences: watching her children grow, enjoying personal hobbies, and seeing the impact they make at work.

“It’s the small moments, a morning coffee, watching my kids become themselves, helping someone at work, that make this stage worth it.”

This aligns with SST, as emotional satisfaction becomes a primary motivation in midlife.

Conclusion

Middle adulthood is a phase characterized by responsibility, introspection, and resilience. It is a period where individuals balance work, family, finances, relationships, and personal health—all while facing changes in identity and life purpose. However, amidst these challenges, there is also resilience: the ability to adapt, nurture, guide, and keep growing. This period serves as a critical juncture where individuals reflect on both their past and future—valuing the experiences that have informed their lives while getting ready for what lies ahead. Middle adulthood, despite its difficulties and rewards, reveals that growth doesn’t cease with youth. Rather, it intensifies. Through determination, love, sacrifice, and ongoing self-awareness, those in this stage forge a significant journey that benefits not only themselves but also the generations that come after.

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The Age of Betweenness: Insights on the Early Years of Adulthood

Blog by Tatiana Isabel E. Demecillo

Early adulthood is often described as a season of discovery and transition—a stage where youth meets maturity, and dreams begin to take tangible form. This period of life opens new doors of opportunities that we cannot easily encounter during our younger years.

For a 22-year-old college student like “K” balancing academics, coaching duties, and self-discovery, this stage represents both growth and growing pains. It is a time of chasing independence, facing challenges, and learning how to build a life of one’s own—one decision, one experience, one realization at a time.

Physical Development

At 22, the human body is typically near its physical peak—full of energy, strength, and endurance. Yet for many college students, just like “K”, this potential is often overshadowed by the demands of academic and social life. As a full-time student and coach, maintaining physical health can feel impossible. Long nights of study and training sessions lead to missed meals and disrupted sleep schedules.

Eating habits have become a challenge—meals are skipped for extra sleep, and chips sometimes replace real food. What once began as a matter of convenience has now become a routine. “K” is fully aware of the consequences this routine brings, but adapting to healthier habits remains a challenge since her existing habit is convenient for her schedule. This stage reflects what developmental psychologists note: early adulthood often brings freedom but also health-compromising patterns, especially when responsibilities outweigh self-care.

Despite these challenges, there remains awareness and accountability. Influences from social media—especially creators who promote healthy lifestyles—serve as gentle reminders of the importance of change. Though motivation wavers, the recognition of long-term consequences marks maturity in thought and awareness of physical well-being.

Cognitive Development

Adulthood brings new ways of thinking—more flexible, practical, and adaptive than in adolescence. In college, real-life problem solving often replaces textbook scenarios. When faced with team conflicts as a coach, “K” no longer dwells on mistakes made by her or by her athletes, but to organize, assign tasks, and keep morale intact. This ability to stay calm and solution-oriented reflects postformal thought, a concept that describes adult reasoning as more realistic and emotionally balanced. She mentioned that if she was still in high school, she would usually remain stuck on her mistake, which reflects an improvement on how she addresses problems.

Career exploration also defines this stage. As a customs administration student, possibilities stretch from brokerage and logistics to entrepreneurship and law, which are also paths that she considered taking in the future. The desire to “start from the bottom” to learn the system before building a career shows a blend of ambition and practicality—a mature outlook shaped by real-world understanding. This shows that “K” thinks of the many possibilities in her field of study rather than a one-way career path.

Financial stability is a strong motivator. “K” stated that she often gets what she wants last among the siblings, hence, her desire for financial freedom. She used to think that passion and financial stability can always go hand-in-hand when finding meaningful work. But as she grows older, it is now understood that meaningful work can also come from security, growth, and independence. This shift captures the essence of emerging adulthood—the balance between idealism and pragmatism.

Education, too, has shaped perspective. Exposure to the realities of the customs field—both its integrity and corruption—has broadened critical awareness of societal systems. This reflection echoes a change in her way of thinking. Instead of choosing what is right or wrong, she starts to understand the complexities of ideas.

Socioemotional Development

Emotionally, early adulthood is marked by identity exploration—figuring out who one is beyond family, school, and expectations. College has fostered a stronger sense of responsibility and emotional regulation. Decisions are now made more thoughtfully, less impulsively—a sign of growing maturity and emotional intelligence.

Relationships, both familial and social, have also shifted. The distance from home results in a decrease in conversations and a reduction in quality time spent with family, a situation that arose from her frequent travels outside their hometown for competitions or school-related events. Yet this separation fosters independence, according to “K”. She was able to explore more of herself and her other relationships with people outside the family. Friendships have evolved too—from seeking belonging to valuing trust and sincerity. The focus now is on genuine connections rather than social circles.

Views on love have deepened: from seeing romance as purely joyful to understanding it as acceptance, compromise, and growth."K" shared that she has been in a relationship with her boyfriend for nearly two years. Initially, she believed that being in a relationship would resemble the ones she had observed and read about online. However, she quickly understood that romantic commitments encompass more than just that, which ultimately resulted in her adopting a more practical and rational perspective instead of being solely emotionally influenced. This emotional maturity aligns with Erik Erikson’s stage of Intimacy vs. Isolation, where young adults seek meaningful bonds built on understanding and shared values.

Milestones

Milestones in early adulthood typically focus on independence and responsibility. For a 22-year-old, expenses like funding their own seminars or tournaments signify more than just financial stability; they reflect a sense of self-sufficiency. 

Additionally, graduation approaches as both an exhilarating and nerve-wracking milestone—a shift into the "real world" filled with unpredictability yet brimming with opportunities. Reflecting on the past, the transition from high school to college was a pivotal experience. It broadened one’s outlook—from concentrating on a single objective to appreciating the larger picture and the multiple avenues life can present.

As one looks forward, aspirations for financial independence, personal development, and potentially establishing a family create a vision of satisfaction that harmonizes ambition with practicality.

Challenges

Early adulthood is often called the “age of in-betweenness”—no longer a teenager, yet not fully an adult. This feeling resonates deeply for “K”, especially as she experienced the pandemic, where she was not able to process the transition of responsibilities and opportunity fully. There’s a quiet longing to “make up” for a youth spent focusing on responsibilities rather than leisure, yet an awareness that adulthood is already calling.

The biggest pressures come from balancing academic life, coaching duties, and administrative work—an exhausting juggling act. Anxiety about job hunting and financial independence also lingers, especially with fears of entering toxic work environments that “K” often heard from the adults she had spent time with as a coach. Independence, though empowering, can also feel heavy when the weight of responsibility is yours alone.

Pleasures and Rewards

Amidst the turmoil, early adulthood also represents a time of potential. The excitement of securing a job, enjoying financial freedom, and traveling the globe brings happiness and inspiration. Gaining independence and the ability to make personal choices without constant oversight feels empowering.

“K” finds joy in simple pleasures such as reading comics or watching anime to provide solace during stressful times. These small delights illustrate the self-centered exploration characteristic of emerging adulthood, where people embrace the chance to focus on their personal development and interests.

The most profound realization, however, is that seeking assistance is not a sign of weakness—it is a demonstration of strength. A college memory when “K” consults with a guidance counselor echoes this sentiment: “Even when you stumble, you can rise again albeit slowly.” This blend of humility and optimism captures the essence of early adulthood: the journey of learning, unlearning, and personal growth.

Conclusion

Early adulthood is not just about achieving milestones—it’s about understanding oneself amidst the uncertainty. It is a time of building habits, shaping identities, and finding meaning in small victories. Though challenges persist, every skipped meal, every late-night reflection, and every quiet act of perseverance form the foundation of a resilient, independent adult in the making.

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Waves of Change: The Tranformative Power of Adolescence

Blog by Candace Nathalie N. Casia

Adolescence marks a remarkable phase in one's life—a transition from the carefree joy of childhood to the obligations of adulthood. It is a period filled with exploration, growth, and heightened emotions. The body undergoes changes, the mind develops, and the heart starts to question, investigate, and aspire. Each transformation, be it physical, cognitive, or emotional—contributes to a broader quest: the pursuit of identity.

We explore the experiences of a young adolescent as she navigates this pivotal life stage, illustrating how the developmental theories of Erikson, Piaget, and Baumrind manifest in her daily encounters as she strives to understand herself and the world around her.

Physical Development

Physical development during adolescence is one of the most noticeable changes. Adolescents undergo puberty, which involves hormonal changes, growth spurts, and the development of secondary sexual characteristics. These changes can occur rapidly, sometimes causing individuals to feel self-conscious about their bodies. In the interview, the adolescent mentioned that they noticed “a lot of changes in my body, and it happened very quickly.” She also admitted feeling more conscious of her appearance because “people at this age often comment on or criticize others’ bodies.”

The awareness of appearance becomes heightened during this period because peers start to evaluate and compare physical traits. According to Erikson’s psychosocial theory, adolescence is the stage of identity vs. role confusion. Physical changes contribute to identity exploration because adolescents are constantly evaluating themselves in relation to others. As the adolescent described, noticing these rapid bodily changes can influence confidence and self-esteem, shaping how they see themselves in comparison to peers.

These physical developments can also motivate adolescents to experiment with their identity through clothing, grooming, or lifestyle choices. Her experience shows how changes in appearance are not just biological, they interact with social awareness and self-perception, helping to form a coherent sense of identity.

Cognitive Development

Cognitive growth is another hallmark of adolescence. According to Piaget’s theory of cognitive development, this stage falls within the formal operational stage, where individuals develop the ability to think abstractly, reason logically, and consider hypothetical scenarios. This marks a shift from the concrete thinking of childhood to more complex, reflective thought.

In the interview, the adolescent explained that their way of thinking has changed a lot compared to childhood. She said, “I think things through more carefully now, and I even ask my friends for their opinions before making decisions.” This shows how adolescents begin to reflect deeply on their choices and consider multiple perspectives, an example of metacognition, or thinking about one’s own thinking. By gathering input from others and evaluating options, adolescents are able to make more thoughtful and reasoned decisions instead of reacting impulsively, which is more common in childhood.

She also described their use of technology and social media in daily life. They explained that these platforms are helpful for communicating with friends, exchanging ideas, and even making decisions together. This shows how digital tools can support cognitive development by allowing adolescents to process information, plan, and reason in social contexts, further enhancing critical thinking and problem-solving skills.

Socioemotional Development

Adolescents explore their identity not only through physical and cognitive changes but also through social interactions and personal choices. In the interview, she shared that her identity is strongly shaped by academics, saying, “Being an achiever has always been a big part of who I am.” This shows how personal interests and goals contribute to self-concept, which is central to Erikson’s stage of identity vs. role confusion. During this stage, adolescents experiment with roles, values, and beliefs to figure out who they are and where they belong in society.

Family relationships also play a key role. She described her parents as strict but balanced, explaining, “My parents have rules, but they also listen and let me make my own choices.” This reflects Baumrind’s authoritative parenting style, which combines high expectations with warmth and open communication. Adolescents in this type of family environment are more likely to develop independence, confidence, and responsibility. They learn to negotiate boundaries, make thoughtful decisions, and develop a strong sense of self while still respecting parental guidance.

Peer relationships are equally important. She said, “I’ve always preferred a small group of friends who share my values. Even when we have different opinions, we talk things out maturely.” This shows how adolescents develop socioemotional skills like empathy, negotiation, and conflict resolution through interactions with peers. Close friendships also provide a safe space for testing beliefs and values, contributing to identity formation.

Milestones

In the interview, the adolescent stated that one of the moments she is most proud of is being able to travel alone. She said, “Being able to go somewhere on my own without needing anyone else made me feel proud and independent.” Experiences like this (managing responsibilities and making decisions without adult supervision) contribute to a sense of autonomy and self-reliance. Achieving autonomy and competence in these areas is essential for forming a strong personal identity. Successfully handling these experiences helps adolescents gain confidence in their abilities and reinforces their sense of who they are.

Challenges

Adolescence is not without its challenges. She described major difficulties in deciding on a career path. She said, “Changing my career choice three times, from medicine to architecture, then to engineering, was stressful, and the pressure from my parents made it even harder.” These challenges illustrate the tension adolescents often feel between personal desires and external expectations.

Such experiences reflect both cognitive and socioemotional development. Adolescents must weigh options, consider consequences, and cope with emotional stress. Overcoming these challenges contributes to the development of fidelity, a strong sense of self that stays true to personal values and beliefs despite social pressures. Facing and navigating these challenges also builds resilience, problem-solving skills, and emotional maturity, all of which are essential for adulthood.

Pleasures

Alongside challenges, adolescence is also a period filled with joy, excitement, and meaningful discoveries. She mentioned that what makes her happiest is being with her closest friends and exploring new places. She said, “Whenever I travel with my friends or family, I feel free and alive, it’s like I’m learning about the world and myself at the same time.” Experiences like these highlight the emotional and social pleasures that come with gaining independence and building deeper connections.

Such experiences strengthen an adolescent’s sense of identity and belonging. Friendships during this stage often serve as emotional anchors, providing support, understanding, and validation as individuals explore who they are. Meanwhile, pursuing hobbies or passions allows adolescents to express creativity and autonomy, which contributes to a stronger sense of self.

Conclusion

Adolescence represents a phase filled with both chaos and achievement—a period where uncertainty collides with understanding, and reliance gradually shifts to self-sufficiency. The adolescent featured in this research embodies the core of this transformation: exploring individuality, pushing limits, and gaining resilience through difficulties. Her journey highlights that growing up isn’t about having all the solutions, but it’s about continuous learning, reevaluating, and evolving. The charm of adolescence resides in this gradual journey of self-discovery, each step, each change, and each insight contributing to the whole.

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Becoming More: The Beautiful Transition of Middle and Late Childhood

Blog by Candace Nathalie N. Casia

Middle and late childhood represent a significant period of development—a transition from the innocence of early childhood to the emerging maturity of adolescence. During this time, children begin to expand their view beyond their own experiences, forming friendships, uncovering skills, and developing a clearer understanding of their identities. This stage is characterized by a sense of curiosity, growing confidence, and various challenges as children learn to reconcile play with responsibilities, creativity with reasoning, and reliance with self-sufficiency. In this phase, every experience—whether in educational settings, at home, or with peers—contributes not only to their knowledge but also to the individuals they are becoming.

Physical Development

The child enjoys activities that stimulate her interest, especially badminton, where she competes with her friends by trying to score higher. She takes pleasure in winning and values the playful competition. Aside from sports, she also loves drawing, particularly anime characters like Nezuko from Demon Slayer, showing how media can influence children’s creative expression.

While she participates in scouting and enjoys activities like yells, she admits she does not enjoy all physical activities equally. She avoids dancing because it sometimes hurts her toes, and she is only fully energetic when it comes to activities she genuinely likes. This shows that children at this stage demonstrate selective but strong motivation when an activity captures their interest, which connects to Erikson’s stage of industry versus inferiority, where success depends on building confidence through meaningful tasks.

Cognitive Development

The child’s favorite subjects are Science and English because she finds them easier and more enjoyable. She dislikes Math, describing it as “ugly” since solving problems still confuses her. Interestingly, she enjoys Computer Education, especially when creating interactive games in PowerPoint using hyperlinks. She even loves research simply because she enjoys typing on gadgets.

When faced with problems, such as homework, she prefers solving them independently by searching answers on Google. In conflicts with friends, she tends to cry and go silent, later apologizing the next day. Sometimes she confides in her mother, though not in much detail, because she feels scolded if she shares too much.

Her understanding of rules is clear: she believes rules in games ensure fairness and smooth play, and she applies the same reasoning to school rules, like not running in the hallway. For the conservation task, she understood that the water amount remains the same when poured into a different container, though she needed a visual demonstration to confirm it. This aligns with Piaget’s theory of concrete operational thought, where children begin to reason logically about concrete situations.

Socioemotional Development

She has a small but close group of three friends, whom she cherishes deeply. She describes herself as a friendly companion who makes sure no one is left out, whether through bonding, chatting, or even giving small gifts and cards.

When facing failure or disappointment, she handles it quietly, choosing to accept the outcome and work harder next time. Her role models are her friends, particularly her best friend Kianna, because they are kind and friendly. Their positive traits inspire her to be kinder to others. This reflects Bandura’s social learning theory, where children learn by observing and imitating the behaviors of those they admire.

Milestones

She feels most proud when she makes it to the honor list or achieves high scores in quizzes and exams. Beyond academics, she values achievements in her friendships, like spending time together, and in her family, where she takes pride in making them happy through her accomplishments.

Challenges

One of her biggest challenges is dealing with bullying. Often, she tries to remain silent, but if she cannot take it anymore, she confronts the bullies directly. This highlights the social struggles common in middle to late childhood, where peer relationships strongly influence self-esteem.

Pleasures

Her greatest joys come from both school and home. At school, she enjoys playing games with friends and drawing activities, while at home, she loves playing Roblox and watching television. These pleasures show how children balance social interaction with personal hobbies.

Conclusion

From this interview, it is clear that middle to late childhood is a critical stage of growth and discovery. Physically, children channel their energy into activities that interest them, while cognitively, they begin to think more logically and recognize the importance of fairness and rules, as Piaget described. Socially and emotionally, friendships become highly valued, and resilience is tested through both achievements and challenges. Erikson’s stage of industry versus inferiority is visible in the way children build confidence through academic and social success, while Bandura’s social learning theory explains how they model kindness and behavior from peers.

This child’s experiences reflect the complexity of development during these years. Middle to late childhood is not only about learning in school but also about forming identity, building relationships, and navigating the joys and struggles that shape who they are becoming.

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Nurturing Growth and Wonder: Famie’s Journey Through Early Childhood

Blog by Tatiana Isabel E. Demecillo

The early years of childhood are filled with laughter, wonder, and creativity. It's a time when the simplest experiences—constructing a fortress from blankets, playing tag with friends in the sunlight, or posing endless “why” questions—serve as foundations for understanding the world. During this delicate phase, each discovery feels enchanting, every mistake turns into a lesson, and each day opens up as a new adventure in development. 

Amidst this delightful whirlwind of exploration and play, we are introduced to Aleli Isabel E. Demecillo, a 24-year-old single mother, and her daughter Famie Yszabellah, an energetic five-year-old kindergartener. Their journey together illustrates the joys and difficulties of raising a child in her formative years—a path marked by imagination, patience, and the subtle victories that define both the mother and her child.

Physical Development

Famie displays healthy growth and abundant energy. Despite having a large appetite, she maintains a healthy weight, and her favorite activities—racing, running, and tag—showcase her well-developed gross motor skills. Additionally, she exhibits good control in writing letters and numbers as well as drawing shapes, indicating effective development of her fine motor skills.

However, Aleli has observed a recent change: Famie now prefers playing games on her phone over engaging in active play at home. Nevertheless, when the family spends time outdoors, especially during trips to the beach, her enthusiasm for physical activity is reignited. She swims, constructs sandcastles, and gathers shells, illustrating her tendency to engage in adventurous pursuits.

In terms of self-care, Famie is able to independently bathe, brush her teeth, get dressed, and style her hair. Occasionally, she requests help from her mother—not due to a lack of capability, but for the comfort and connection it brings. This illustrates Erik Erikson’s stage of Initiative vs. Guilt, where children start to take the initiative in completing tasks and demonstrating independence. They aim to exert control over their surroundings, and when caregivers offer encouraging support—as Aleli does—children cultivate a sense of purpose and confidence in their capabilities.

Cognitive Development

Famie's intellectual development is characterized by her curiosity, creativity, and ability to think symbolically. She finds pleasure in various activities, like constructing blanket forts, interacting with peers at school, and engaging in competitive games. This aligns with Jean Piaget's Preoperational Development Stage, where children's play enhances their cognitive growth, enabling them to hone their skills and abilities in a fun and stress-free manner.

As a young girl, Famie was encouraged to draw at school to enhance her learning experience. Her artistic skills have evolved from random doodles to recognizable figures, indicating advancements in fine motor skills and her ability to represent concepts visually. Her inclination to alter the rules in games showcases her cognitive adaptability and inventiveness—traits that Piaget links to the advancement of symbolic thought.

Additionally, Famie’s inquisitiveness is evident in her continuous “why” and “what” inquiries, which reflect Piaget’s intuitive thought substage, where children passionately seek to understand their environment. Her excellent memory enables her to remember Bible verses for months after she has learned them, highlighting her development of long-term memory and understanding of language.

Additionally, inspired by English-language programs such as Peppa Pig, Famie has gained fluency in English—at times more than in her first language, Bisaya. This aligns with Lev Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory, which underscores the role of social interaction and cultural exposure in learning and language development. Her achievements in English-related subjects and her impressive academic performance further illustrate the link between her language skills and cognitive growth.

Socioemotional Development

In terms of social and emotional development, Famie demonstrates confidence, empathy, and an emerging sense of leadership. During group activities, she frequently takes on a leadership role but also recognizes when to allow others to take charge, illustrating her engagement in social play.

At home, Famie occasionally has tantrums when her desires aren’t met. Although these outbursts can be difficult, they are a typical part of children’s journey towards mastering emotional regulation and independence. Aleli employs an authoritative parenting approach that features warmth, structure, and effective communication—an approach that aligns with Diana Baumrind’s theory linking it to positive emotional and behavioral growth. By giving Famie the time to calm down before addressing issues, Aleli emphasizes the significance of reflection and emotional comprehension.

Aleli utilizes positive reinforcement by congratulating and rewarding her daughter’s achievements, consistent with B.F. Skinner’s Operant Conditioning Theory, where reinforcement enhances desired behaviors. This supportive method encourages motivation, self-assurance, and accountability. Collectively, these experiences reflect Erikson’s Initiative vs. Guilt stage, during which children learn to take the lead in exploration, creativity, and leadership—while cultivating a sense of purpose bolstered by constructive guidance.

Milestones

Famie has achieved various developmental milestones that illustrate her progress across different areas: 

Evolving from random scribbles to drawing recognizable figures. 

Attaining increased independence in self-care routines. 

Successfully memorizing and remembering Bible verses over long periods. 

Becoming fluent in English and performing well in school. 

Participating in imaginative and symbolic play. 

Exhibiting leadership skills and collaboration during group activities. 

Each milestone echoes key developmental theories—Piaget’s cognitive growth, Erikson’s psychosocial stages, and Vygotsky’s social learning—showing how her physical, mental, and emotional development interconnect harmoniously.

Challenges

Even with her numerous accomplishments, Famie faces difficulties typical for early childhood. Her sporadic outbursts and self-centered behavior—thinking that everything should always go her way—demonstrate Piaget’s idea of egocentrism, which is a normal trait of the preoperational stage. Additionally, her increasing fondness for digital play restricts her physical activity at home, a situation that Aleli is continuously addressing with care. Although Famie excels academically, she frequently shows little enthusiasm for studying beyond the classroom, highlighting that development is fluid and influenced by both environmental and emotional elements.

Pleasures and Rewards

For Aleli, being a mother represents both a difficult journey and a deep source of happiness. Every achievement—be it a new piece of art, an excellent grade, or a thoughtful gesture—feels like a personal triumph. She perceives her daughter’s successes as representations of her own commitment and affection as a parent. 

Aleli’s unwavering support, patience, and encouragement reflect Erikson’s belief that a child's healthy growth is founded on trust and emotional security. Famie’s development—evidenced by her creativity, self-esteem, and inquisitiveness—shows how caring relationships establish the groundwork for enduring resilience and confidence.

Conclusion

Famie’s experience in her early years, supported by her mother's affection and insight, perfectly illustrates the significance of this period: a gentle harmony of development, support, and elegance. It serves as a reminder that each inquiry, every grin, and each creative play signifies another progression in the astonishing journey of growing up.

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Infancy: Understanding the Second Stage of Life

Blog by Candace Nathalie N. Casia

Infancy, which covers the first two years of life, is one of the most important stages of human development. During this time, babies experience changes in their physical growth, thinking abilities, and emotional connections with caregivers. To better understand how these changes happen in real life, we conducted an interview with a parent of a three-week-old baby. By listening to their experiences, we were able to see how theories in developmental psychology, like Erik Erikson’s psychosocial stages, Jean Piaget’s cognitive development theory, and John Bowlby’s attachment theory, connect to everyday parenting.

Physical Development

The parent shared that the baby drinks formula milk every two (2) hours and cries mostly when hungry or uncomfortable. Sleep is still irregular, with the baby more awake at night. This is normal for newborns, as their bodies are still adjusting to day and night cycles. The parent explained that sometimes the baby sleeps lightly or wakes up unexpectedly, showing that the sleep-wake patterns are still developing.

At three weeks old, the baby has not yet achieved major motor milestones such as rolling over or sitting up, which is expected at this stage. However, the baby already reacts to sensory experiences in noticeable ways. For example, loud or sudden sounds can startle the baby, while softer, familiar sounds help them relax or fall asleep. The parent also observed that the baby instinctively grasps objects placed near their hands, showing early signs of motor coordination and reflex development. These small physical responses are important because they form the foundation for future movement, coordination, and exploration.

Cognitive Development

In terms of thinking and communication, the baby expresses needs by crying. However, the parent noticed that the baby can already track sounds with their eyes and turn their head toward voices. This demonstrates early awareness of the environment and the beginning of intentional responses. According to Piaget’s sensorimotor stage, infants learn about their surroundings by using their senses and movements, gradually connecting actions to outcomes.

Currently, toys do not hold much interest for the baby, but they will soon become important tools for learning and exploration. Simple interactions, such as talking, singing, or gently shaking a rattle, can begin to capture attention and stimulate cognitive growth. The baby is also showing the ability to recognize familiar voices, indicating early memory and social awareness. These early cognitive responses, although subtle, are critical steps in developing problem-solving skills, communication, and understanding of the world.

Socioemotional Development

The parent observed that the baby shows comfort and trust by staying calm when held by familiar caregivers. When handled by strangers or new people, the baby often cries, demonstrating early signs of attachment and preference for familiar individuals. This aligns with Erikson’s stage of trust versus mistrust, in which babies learn to feel secure when caregivers reliably respond to their needs.

The baby also shows the ability to self-soothe in response to familiar voices, particularly the father’s. The parent explained that gentle talking, soothing sounds, and affection help the baby calm down and feel safe. These interactions highlight the importance of consistent caregiver presence, as suggested by Bowlby’s attachment theory, in helping infants develop emotional security and a sense of trust.

Infancy is a period when babies begin to experience the first social bonds, forming the foundation for future relationships. The parent’s observations reveal that even very young babies are sensitive to the emotional tone of interactions and can respond positively to love, attention, and comfort.

Milestones and Family Reactions

Even at three weeks, the baby has begun to smile and respond to sounds. These small behaviors may seem simple, but they are meaningful indicators of social and emotional development. The parent expressed that seeing these early reactions brings joy and excitement, not just for the immediate family but also for neighbors and extended family members. Celebrating small milestones, like a smile, brief laugh, or reaction to a familiar voice, reinforces positive interaction and encourages caregivers to engage actively with the infant.

These early milestones also provide reassurance to parents that the baby is developing normally and responding to the environment, which strengthens family bonds and creates a sense of shared happiness.

Challenges

The parent also described common challenges that come with infancy. Sleep can be inconsistent, particularly at night, which can be exhausting for caregivers. Health concerns, such as the baby being prone to minor illnesses or colds, can also create stress and worry. Breastfeeding did not work for this baby due to discomfort and digestive issues, so formula feeding became the alternative. These challenges are typical in infancy and require patience, careful observation, and flexible problem-solving from caregivers.

Managing these difficulties while attending to the baby’s needs is a delicate balance, but it also provides opportunities for parents to learn about infant care, recognize early cues, and build strong emotional connections.

Pleasures and Rewards

Despite the challenges, the parent expressed deep satisfaction and happiness in caring for the baby. As the fourth daughter in the family, the baby is surrounded by love and attention, and the parent emphasized the joy of raising each child. Moments such as seeing the baby smile, respond to voices, or grasp an object create feelings of accomplishment and strengthen the emotional bond between parent and child.

Infancy, while demanding, also brings rewards through the shared experiences of growth, affection, and connection.

Conclusion

Through our interview, we observed that even in the earliest weeks of life, infants display patterns of growth that closely align with developmental psychology concepts. From crying and feeding routines to early cognitive responses and social interactions, every small behavior contributes to the foundation of lifelong development. Infancy is not only a stage of rapid physical and mental growth but also a period rich with emotional learning, love, and the beginnings of lasting relationships.

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Conception: The start of human life

Blog by Tatiana Isabel E. Demecillo

Pregnancy is frequently characterized as one of the most significant phases of human development—not just for the baby developing in the womb, but also for the woman whose life, body, and sense of self begin to change in significant ways. Nonetheless, this period is also crucial, serving as the foundation of human growth—where a new life is being nurtured and prepped for delivery.

We met Janelle D. Balaod, affectionately known as “Ate Jan.” She is a 39-year-old mother of three children and is currently 26 weeks pregnant. We listened to her as she recounted her experiences during this extraordinary stage of her life and how it continues to influence her as a mother.

Physical Development

At the beginning of her pregnancy, Ate Jan observed that she had missed her period, even though she had never experienced issues with irregular cycles before. Shortly after, she started to notice early signs—frequent dizziness, exhaustion, nausea, and an increased sensitivity to smells. These symptoms led her to confirm her suspicions: she was pregnant.

Since that moment, she has implemented various lifestyle changes. Following her doctor's recommendations, she takes vitamins, maintains a healthier diet, and goes for walks in the early morning. Having gone through pregnancy in the past, she felt no need to read books or find new information, but she continues to pay close attention to her doctor and the prenatal center in her community.

Despite these changes, she faces ongoing challenges. She struggles with irregular sleep patterns, often resting during the day and being wide awake at night. She frequently feels exhausted and unmotivated, at times finding it difficult to even complete simple tasks. Physical discomfort, especially pain in her back and feet, also contributes to her daily hardships.

Cognitive Development

Pregnancy not only changes the body but also affects cognition. Ate Jan admitted she has become more forgetful during this stage. Although this is common among expectant mothers, it still challenges her ability to stay focused on her responsibilities at home. She sometimes forgets small tasks such as turning off the stove, keeping track of schedules, or recalling where she placed certain items. These lapses frustrate her at times, especially since she prides herself on being organized and attentive.

Socioemotional Development

Emotional support is essential during pregnancy. Ate Jan recalled that when she first learned she was pregnant again, she felt nervous. Her anxiety was partly rooted in her past—she had experienced complications with her third child, which made her more cautious this time around.

Still, she received support from her partner, children, neighbors, and friends. She described that everyone around her is understanding of her current situation. Which made the pregnancy more bearable, allowing her the space to let out her worries, happiness, frustrations, and celebrating milestones.

Milestones

For Ate Jan, milestones in this pregnancy include hearing her baby’s heartbeat during checkups, knowing its sex, seeing the first ultrasound images, and feeling her baby’s movements for the first time. Each of these moments reminds her that despite the difficulties, her child is growing and thriving inside her womb.

Challenges

Pregnancy is not without its struggles. Beyond physical pain and fatigue, Ate Jan revealed her concerns with the birth of her incoming fourth child. Her pregnancy with her two eldest children was completely normal; however, everything changed with her third. During that pregnancy, she had to undergo a C-section due to blood complications. She frequently experienced low blood pressure throughout most of her term, which then suddenly spiked to dangerously high levels as her due date approached. This sudden shift placed both her and her baby at risk, leading doctors to recommend surgery for a safe delivery.

Because of this experience, she admits that her current pregnancy brings not only excitement but also fear. She worries that the same complications might resurface or that her condition could become even more severe with age. The thought of another C-section also weighs heavily on her, knowing the risks and longer recovery it entails. Still, despite these anxieties, Ate Jan remains hopeful, drawing strength from her faith, her family’s support, and the love she already feels for her unborn child.

Pleasures and Rewards

Despite the hardships, Ate Jan finds joy in the little things. The anticipation of meeting her fourth child fills her with hope, and the thought of adding another member to her family gives her strength. For many mothers like her, she wishes her incoming child will be born safe and healthy.

Conclusion

Ate Janelle’s journey reminds us that pregnancy is both a challenge and a blessing—a stage filled with struggles, milestones, and immeasurable joy. It is a testimony to the strength of women and the extraordinary journey of human development.