Crimson Publishers

Crimson Publishers is an Open-access academic publisher has a vision to establish Open Science platform that seeks to provide equal opportunity for all, share and create knowledge, and enables the scholarly world to engage in a dialogue with the science in a more effective manner. Our efficient and transparent ways of peer-review procedures provide impact metrics for articles and researchers. the Research

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The Clinical and Molecular Spectrum of SCN1A-Related Epilepsy in a Hong Kong Pediatric Cohort

Abstract Background: Pathogenic variants in SCN1A, encoding the Nav1.1 sodium channel, underlie a spectrum of epilepsy syndromes ranging from genetic epilepsy with febrile seizures plus (GEFS+) to Dravet Syndrome (DS). Genotype-phenotype correlations, particularly between loss-and gain-of-function variants, have important therapeutic implications. Asian cohort data remain comparatively limited. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of 12 unrelated patients with SCN1A-related epilepsy managed at a Hong Kong tertiary center. Clinical, genetic, and treatment data were collected. Variants were classified as missense, truncating or 2q24 deletions. Outcomes including age at seizure onset, Drug- Resistant Epilepsy (DRE), and neurodevelopmental impairment were compared between groups. Result: The cohort comprised 12 patients (75% female), with a median seizure onset of 8.8 months. Dravet syndrome was diagnosed in 83%. Median diagnostic interval was 1.89 years, with longest delays of 23 years in the pre-next-generation sequencing era after seizure onset. Variants included 8 missense (67%) and 2 intragenic truncating (16.7%) and 2 copy number variants (CNVs) (16.7%). DRE was observed in 67%, with a median of 4.5 anti-seizure medications trialed. CNVs were associated with earlier seizure onset and more severe learning disability compared intragenic variants. Sodium channel blockers were used prior to genetic diagnosis in four patients, with seizure exacerbation in most cases. Two cases were maternally inherited, and one demonstrated post-zygotic mosaicism. Conclusion: In this Hong Kong cohort, CNV variants with continuous gene deletions with SCN1A involved were associated with earlier seizure onset and more severe neurodevelopmental outcomes compared to other variants. Early molecular diagnosis is critical to guide precision therapy, avoid contraindicated medications, and inform genetic counseling. Larger regional studies are warranted to refine genotype- phenotype correlations.

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Chemical and Optical Characterization of a Commercial Liquid Detergent Using FT-IR, Reflectance Spectroscopy, Colorimetry, and Computational Analysis

Abstract The present study investigated the chemical composition and optical properties of a commercial liquid detergent, Servin Quality Ultra, 1L, cherry aroma, using FT-IR spectroscopy, visible reflectance spectroscopy (400-700nm), colorimetric analysis and computational chemistry calculations. The detergent was analyzed in 3%w/w ethanol solution, as well as in 1% and 10% w/w aqueous solutions, all showing a stable pH of 6.9. FT-IR spectra revealed the presence of long-chain alkyl surfactants, ethoxylated non-ionic surfactants, and builder components such as phosphonates and silicates. In addition, determination of anionic-active matter by the standard two-phase titration method revealed no detectable anionic surfactants (0.0%w/w), confirming that the formulation was dominated by non-ionic alcohol ethoxylate surfactants. The results were discussed in the context of the different physicochemical characteristics of the non-ionic, anionic, cationic and amphoteric surfactant classes, commonly employed in commercial liquid detergents. The FT-IR analysis of the ethanolic soluble fraction of the liquid detergent Servin revealed characteristic absorption bands corresponding to aliphatic C-H stretching vibrations (~2921cm-1 and 2844cm-1), ether C-O-C stretching modes (1148cm-1-1037cm-1), carbonyl groups (~1739cm-1) and weak aromatic or carboxylate contributions (~1577cm-1) confirming thus the predominance of ethoxylated nonionic surfactants and minor oxygen-containing additives. Reflectance measurements indicated low overall reflectance 6%-8%, with absorption in the green region (500-560nm) and increased reflection in the yellow-orange region (560-600nm), producing a slightly reddish appearance. Reflectance data were further analyzed using the Kubelka-Munk transformation to estimate the optical band gap via Tauc plot methodology. The Kubelka-Munk transformation and Taucanalysis suggested an apparent optical transition energy of approximately 3.1eV, consistent with localized molecular HOMO-LUMO transitions rather than semiconductor-like band structures. The calculated band gap suggested predominantly insulating behavior with localized electronic transitions attributed to molecular chromophores. Colorimetric analysis confirmed this observation, with L=30.84, a=+5.56, and b*=-0.53, while ISO brightness which was 6.73% and CIE Whiteness which was 14.83whiteness units, indicated low optical brightness. The results suggested a weak reddish-blue coloration that the color of the detergent was primarily due to minor chromophoric additives rather than the surfactant components. The pH remained constant across concentrations, indicating chemical stability. The results indicated a weakly absorbing, semi-transparent colloidal system with moderate light scattering attributed to micellar structures. Density Functional Theory (DFT) and population analyses performed on a representative ethoxylated alcohol fragment (C6H14O2) demonstrated pronounced charge localization on oxygen atoms and sp3 hybridization along the hydrocarbon backbone, supporting the amphiphilic and insulating nature of the system. This integrated approach demonstrated how FT-IR, reflectance spectroscopy, colorimetry and computational analyses could provide complementary information for detergent characterization by understanding the detergent’s composition and its physicochemical behavior.

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Impact of Current Densities on Zn-Fe Alloy Electro Deposit from Acetate Electrolytic Bath

Abstract The alloy electrodeposit of zinc with iron alloy on mild steel under various current density ranges from 1.0A/dm2 to 5.0A/dm2 using acetate electrolytic bath. The composition of the iron and corrosion resistance of the alloy electrodeposit was influenced by current densities. The corrosion rate of the Zn- Fe alloy deposit was observed using potentiodynamic Tafel polarization, Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) in 3.5% NaCl solution at room temperature. It confirms that the Zn-Fe alloy deposit obtained at optimized current density 4.0A/dm2 shown the lowest corrosion rate value 9.42mpy. The plate-like morphology of the deposit was observed at optimized current density by a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis and EDAX confirm the presence of high intensity (103) plane and iron composition in the Zn-Fe alloy deposit at optimized current density is 4.0A/dm2.

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Phase 3 Cardiac Rehabilitation and Fall Recovery are Under-Utilized Opportunities to Improve Clinical and Functional Outcomes in Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Patients

Abstract

Transcatheter aortic value replacement (TAVR) patients tend to be older, frail, and have one or more comorbidities. Cardiac rehabilitation is essential to returning these patients to their pre-intervention level of activity and functioning. However, once outpatient (Phase 2) rehabilitation has been completed, most remain patients at elevated risk for serious adverse events, notably falling, that impact their prognosis for meaningful recovery and resumption of an active lifestyle. Home-based cardiac rehabilitation (Phase 3) is elective and often is either not prescribed or haphazardly programmed, and consequently it has received relatively little research and formal practice attention or utilization. This manuscript examines how and why the incorporation of a structured, Phase 3 program for training patients to independently recover from an accidental fall into standard cardiac rehabilitation practice would enhance cardiologists’ ability to improve their post-TAVR patients’ long-term clinical and functional outcomes as well as quality of life. A model is proposed for a physician-prescribed and -supervised Phase 3 fall recovery program that maximizes patient access and participation while ensuring quality and consistency. This functional fall recovery model program comprises three components: (1) prognostic screening and assessment tools; (2) a specific fall recovery maneuver and supporting exercises; and (3) performance and outcome metrics, not only for clinical application but also to comparatively utilize in research studies of fall recovery methods. Each of these components can be delivered either in person, virtually/remotely or a hybrid by cardiac rehabilitation nurses or other qualified staff.

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Perspectives on NCM-Based Cathodes in Hybrid Battery-Supercapacitor Devices

Abstract The advent of hybrid battery-supercapacitor devices (HBSDs) represents a significant advancement in energy storage technology, combining the high energy density characteristic of batteries with the superior power density and extended cycle life of supercapacitors. Among the various cathode materials being investigated for these HBSDs, nickel-cobalt-manganese (NCM)-based cathodes have attracted much attention due to their high capacity, excellent rate capability, and relatively low cost. This mini-review discusses the fundamental properties of NCM materials, their electrochemical performance, and strategies to improve their performance. In addition, the article highlights the challenges and future prospects for the development of NCM-based cathodes in hybrid energy storage devices.

Introduction The rapid development of energy storage technology and the explosive demand in the energy market have led to the emergence of new types of energy storage devices. Hybrid battery-supercapacitor devices (HBSDs), as a novel energy storage device, utilizes the complementary characteristics of batteries and supercapacitors [1], combines the advantages of batteries and supercapacitors, and is able to simultaneously meet high energy and high power demands for a wide range of complex application scenarios [2].

Perspectives on NCM-Based Cathodes in Hybrid Battery-Supercapacitor Devices| Crimsonpublishers.com

The advent of hybrid battery-supercapacitor devices (HBSDs) represents a significant advancement in energy storage technology, combining the

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PCL Cyst: A Rare Entity

PCL Cyst: A Rare Entity by Yoshifumi Murata* in Crimson Publishers: Peer Reviewed Orthopedic Research Journals 

Introduction: Intra-articular cysts and ganglia have been reported to be 0.6% and 2.0% in symptomatic knees. The low incidence causes lack of awareness resulting into missing of the diagnosis leading to events which otherwise are preventable.

Case presentation: We report a case of a 26 year old state level track and field athlete who presented with intermittent pain and sudden jerky movement of the right knee for the last 5 months who had consulted two specialists before coming to us and had also undergone two MRI examinations without any definite diagnosis. Diagnostic arthroscopy revealed PCL cyst with full thickness chondral defect on the medial condyle of the femur. Retrospectively, a close look at the preoperative MRI was able to pick up the PCL cyst which had been passed earlier as normal. The delay of 5 months in diagnosis and another 6 months for recuperation resulted in ending the career of the athlete.

Conclusion: In conclusion, reminder of this rare, though known pathology, is likely to facilitate an early diagnosis and treatment resulting into saving the career of the players.

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Computer Navigated Medial Opening Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy- Review of Literature _ Crimson Punblishers

Computer Navigated Medial Opening Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy- Review of Literature by Kunal Dhurve* in Crimson Publishers: Peer Reviewed Orthopedic Research Journals 

Surgical management of arthritis of the knee in young and active patients has always been a challenge. Partial or total knee replacement is not the ideal surgical option due to lower implant survivorship in younger patients. Hence the surgical management revolves around preserving the native joint with the aim of reduction of pain and improvement of function. The best example of a joint preservation procedure for knee arthritis is the high tibial osteotomy (HTO).

Correction of limb alignment with an osteotomy of the proximal tibia was first described by Jackson & Waugh. HTO works on the principle of unloading the arthritic cartilage by shifting the weight bearing axis to healthy joint compartment. HTO is best suited for patients with isolated medial compartment arthritis with pre-existing varus limb alignment and a relatively healthy lateral compartment. HTO is also used as unloading procedure concomitant to cartilage restoration surgery. Additionally, HTO is indicated in patients with multiligamentous knee injury with preexisting varus deformity.

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Metamaterials in Medicine: A New Era for Future Orthopedics _ Crimson Publishers

Metamaterials in Medicine: A New Era for Future Orthopedics by Hamid RS Hosseinzadeh* in Crimson Publishers: Peer Reviewed Orthopedic Research Journals 

Metamaterials are synthetic materials engineered to provide properties which “may not be available in nature that we know”. These materials usually earn their properties from structure rather than composition. The essential property in metamaterials is their unusual and desired properties that appear due to their unique design & structure [1].

In 1898 J.C. Bose showed the possibility of existence of artificial material by conducting microwave experiment on twisted structure. Later, in 1968, Russian physicist Victor Veselago considered the electromagnetic properties of a hypothetical materialwhose electric permittivity and magnetic permeability were both negative [2]. Such a material, as Veselago mentioned, did not exist in nature. Smith et al. had recognized gradient refractive index medium to bend electromagnetic waves. Metamaterial opened up a new exciting world for the scholars.

The word was first coined by Rodger M Walser (2001) who gave the following definition: Metamaterials are defined as macroscopic composites having a man-made, three dimensional, periodic cellular architecture designed to produce an optimized combination, not available in nature, of two or more responses to a specific excitation [3]. In metamaterials, inclusion of small inhomogeneities can produce effective macroscopic behavior. So, embedding artificially fabricated inclusions in a specific host medium will provide the designer with an ample collection of independent parameters such as properties of host materials and properties related to size, shape, and compositions of inclusions. All these design parameters can play a key role in getting the expected result.

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Diabetic Foot Ulcers: Where Do We Currently Stand _ Crimson Publishers

Diabetic Foot Ulcers: Where Do We Currently Stand by Firas Kawtharani* in Crimson Publishers: Peer Reviewed Orthopedic Research Journals 

Diabetic foot disease is a major burden on the healthcare system (10) with astronomical economic as well as social implications affecting patients especially when this entity leads to lower extremity amputations. This review attempts to identify the problem and its burden on the healthcare system and presents the latest evidence in finding a strategic plan to overcome this modern plague that is complicating the care of diabetic patients and is costing millions of tax payers’ money. 

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Complications Following Endobutton for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction _ Crimson Publishers

Complications Following Endobutton for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction by Rafik Yassa* in Crimson Publishers: Peer Reviewed Orthopedic Research Journals 

Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction proved to be the commonest sports injury worldwide. The annual incidence is increasing and is commoner among the professional athlete than the armature ones [1]. Surgical reconstruction of the torn anterior cruciate ligament is performed to restore knee stability and to decrease the adverse consequences of knee instability namely injury to other intraarticular structures [2]. There are a number of options for the femoral fixation of the hamstring graft including interference screw, endobutton and femoral cross-pin. The Endobutton (EB) suture loop and metal plate is commonly used and is relatively cheap. However, there is a number of recognized complications. 

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Does The Minimally Invasive Quadriceps Sparing Approach Provide Better Short Term Recovery Than The Medial Parapatellar Approach In Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty? _ Crimson Publishers

Does The Minimally Invasive Quadriceps Sparing Approach Provide Better Short Term Recovery Than The Medial Parapatellar Approach In Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty? by Rachel Taute* in Crimson Publishers: Peer Reviewed Orthopedic Research Journals 

Purpose: The median parapatellar (MPP) approach is commonly utilised for total knee arthroplasty (TKA). There is an increasing trend towards enhanced recovery and shorter length of hospital stays. It is suggested that the minimally invasive quadriceps sparing (MIQS) TKA can provide both a shorter incision and, by minimizing soft tissue disruption, a quicker recovery. Being technically more demanding the MIQS approach has the potential for increased early complication rates. We performed a systematic review and meta analysis comparing MPP vs MIQS TKA.

Methods: A systematic literature search was performed with only randomised controlled studiesincluded for analysis. Data reported on incision length, knee flexion, straight leg raise,component positioning, knee society scores and post-operative complications were analysed.

Results: Nine studies were included: 342 patients in the MIQS group and 351 in the MPP group. There were statistically significant differences between the groups in terms of operative time, incision length and ability to straight leg raise within the first week. There were more outliers for tibial and femoral component positioning in the MIQS group. There was also a higher complication rate in the MIQS group. There was no statistically significant difference in post-operative functional score.

Conclusion: MIQS TKR allows shorter incision and earlier straight leg raise. This analysis raises concerns regarding the rate of complications, particularly component malpositioning, compared with MPP TKA. Over our relatively short term follow up this did not present a statistically significant difference in terms of overall outcome; longer term follow-up is needed to assess this.

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CT-Guided Percutaneous Radiofrequency Thermal Ablation of Osteoid Osteoma _ Crimson Publishers

CT-Guided Percutaneous Radiofrequency Thermal Ablation of Osteoid Osteoma by Pedro Manuel Serrano* in Crimson Publishers: Peer Reviewed Orthopedic Research Journals 

The purpose of this work was to describe our experience in treating osteoid osteomas (OO), using percutaneous computed tomography (CT)‐ guided radiofrequency ablation (RFA).

Materials and methods: Retrospective review of 48 patients with OO, treated with percutaneous RFA, in the same institution, from 2003 to 2015. Clinical success, assessed at a minimum follow-up of 1 year, was defined as complete pain relief. Early and late complications as well as local recurrences were recorded.

Results: Clinical success was achieved in 45 patients (93.75 %). After RFA, mean Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) significantly improved from 7±1 to 1±1 (p < 0.05). Recurrence was found in one patient with an OO of the proximal humerus, associated with pain. Two other patients presented complications related to the procedure. There were no long-term complications.

Conclusion: CT-guided RFA of osteoid osteomas is a safe and effective procedure with a low morbidity rate.

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Scapula Winging With a Clavicle Fracture: A Case Report _ Crimson Publishers

Scapula Winging With a Clavicle Fracture: A Case Report by Karunakgaran K* in Crimson Publishers: Peer Reviewed Orthopedic Research Journals 

We report a case of a patient who sustained closed comminute mid-shaft right clavicle fracture with ipsilateral scapula winging. The winging persisted for 4 weeks after the fracture and spontaneously resolved after open reduction and internal fixation of right clavicle. We suspect that the winging is caused by scapular dyskinesia secondary to shortening of the clavicle. 

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Benefits of Mechanical Manipulation of the Sacroiliac Joint: A Transient Synovitis Case Study _ Crimson Publishers

Benefits of Mechanical Manipulation of the Sacroiliac Joint: A Transient Synovitis Case Study by Brady Hauser* in Crimson Publishers: Peer Reviewed Orthopedic Research Journals 

Transient synovitis is a diagnosis of exclusion for acute hip pain in children. It has largely been associated with viral and traumatic etiologies despite most of the cases being idiopathic in nature. The purpose of this study is to present a patient with transient synovitis that also demonstrates Sacroiliac Joint dysfunction. Established Sacroiliac Joint (SIJ) manipulation technique was used to resolve his symptoms. The patient in this study displayed physical and radiological finding consistent with transient synovitis of the hip associated with SIJ dysfunction. We theorize that mechanical joint dysfunction of the SIJ may lead to changes in the tension-length relationship of the iliopsoas muscle predisposing the hip joint to tendinitis and bursitis. This results in the clinical presentation of transient synovitis of the hip. Our patient was successfully treated with SIJ manipulation. This study emphasizes the importance of a thorough spinal examination in patients presenting with transient synovitis to rule out a mechanical pathology. Our case illustrates the efficacy of spinal manipulation in treating SIJ dysfunction. We propose that this evaluation and treatment option should be considered with patients diagnosed with transient synovitis of the hip. 

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Results of Nerve Transfer in C5-C6 Traumatic Brachial Plexus Palsy _ Crimson Publishers

Results of Nerve Transfer in C5-C6 Traumatic Brachial Plexus Palsy by Yacine Talbi* in Crimson Publishers: Peer Reviewed Orthopedic Research Journals 

Brachial plexus injuries involve male patients 90% of time, and are responsible of partial or total loss of motion in the upper extremity. C5-C6 traumatic brachial plexus injury is responsible of shoulder and elbow flexion palsy. In case of C5-C6 brachial plexus palsy, in addition to classic nerve repair by root graft there are also nerve transfers or tendon transfers.Nerve transfers have been used with success for reconstruction of brachial plexus injuries [1].

Oberlin et al. [2] described in 1994 a technic for reestablishment of elbow flexion after transfer of motor fascicle of ulnar nerve to the nerve of the biceps. The results of this technic showed MRC grade M3 or M4 strength in 24 of 32 patients.

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Calcaneal Lengthening Using Bone Substitute Graft for Neurological Flatfoot Treatment _ Crimson Publishers

Calcaneal Lengthening Using Bone Substitute Graft for Neurological Flatfoot Treatment by Mario Lampropulos* in Crimson Publishers: Peer Reviewed Orthopedic Research Journals 

Flatfoot with hindfoot valgus is a common problem in neurological patients. It characterized by the loss of the longitudinal arch, pain, ulceration and dermal plantar hyperkeratosis, shortening of the Achilles tendon and failure in the use of orthoses. The objective of our job is to show the results of the neurological flatfoot treatment with calcaneal lengthening using Bone Substitute graft (Pro-Dense®). Material and methods: A retrospective study was carried out in which we included all patients who underwent surgery for neurological symptomatic flatfoot. Measures were made of the Talo-Calcaneal angle, Talo-1MT y Calcaneal Pitch. It has been also analyze the postoperative clinic results. Results: 17 patients (27 feet). Astragalus-Calcaneo angle preoperative 26.07° and postoperative de 21.22°. Talo-1MT angle 27.04° preoperative y 13.22° postoperative. Calcaneal Pitch preoperative angle 12.63° and postoperative 21.37°. It was observed a statistically significative change. In all cases we obtain painless feet, with the disappearance of the plantar hyperkeratosis, correction of the hindfoot valgus and longitudinal arch formation. Conclusions: The calcaneal lengthening with Bone Substitute graft technique is an alternative for the Neurological flatfoot treatment. With good results, corrections of the angular deformities and low rate of complications. 

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Effect of Suture Tubularization on Quadruple Stranded Hamstring ACL Grafts with Femoral Suspensory Fixation: A Biomechanical Study _ Crimson Publishers

Effect of Suture Tubularization on Quadruple Stranded Hamstring ACL Grafts with Femoral Suspensory Fixation: A Biomechanical Study by Matthew Richard Moralle* in Crimson Publishers: Peer Reviewed Orthopedic Research Journals 

Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction success is dependent on several factors including fixation strength, anatomical placement, and the mechanical properties of the graft tissue. Currently it is unclear if tubularization of a quadruple hamstring graft is an effective way to increase its tensile strength. The purpose of this study was to quantify the impact of whip stitching as a form of suture tubularization on the mechanical properties of quadruple-strand hamstring anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using a femoral suspensory fixation. This study utilized bovine hamstring grafts, prepared as quadruple-strand hamstrings with and without tubularization. Each graft type was tested using a synthetic bone block model and a porcine tibia model to determine ultimate load, yield load, stiffness, and graft displacement at failure. The synthetic bone block model demonstrated that grafts with tubularization had statistically higher yield load then grafts without tubularization. The porcine model demonstrated that the ultimate load and yield load were found to be statistically similar between the graft groups but the tubularized group had greater stiffness when compared to untubularized grafts. In conclusion, our data shows that the effect of tubularization on a quadruple-strand hamstring graft with a femoral suspensory device positively effects the mechanical properties of the graft. 

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