Dieter Rams Design Principles - for Dungeon Design
image source: Tales from the Yawning Portal, the Doomvault
Recently I came across Dieter Rams’ 10 principles for good design. Although his design rules were originally meant for timeless, user-friendly product/industrial design, I thought it would be interesting to apply this to designing D&D dungeons or levels!
1) Design should be innovative
Your dungeon should introduce something unique for the players. Perhaps this is some cool new combat situation, new puzzle, or new environment, just make it something the players haven’t encountered yet. If your dungeons use the same monsters and puzzles and settings the dungeon won’t be as memorable nor will the players feel challenged.
If you are publishing the dungeon, ensure there is something in it that no other dungeon has. Remember, you don’t have to stick to the rules as written. New magic and creatures will make the dungeon unique.
2) Design makes the dungeon useful
Always keep in mind the purpose of the dungeon. Why are the players there? Why must they subject themselves to danger? What is their goal? Beyond this, why is the dungeon used in the world? Most dungeons either have or used to have a purpose. Why was the dungeon originally built and how is it being used now?
3) Dungeon design should be aesthetic
A dungeon should look pleasing. Make rooms interesting and make the layout balanced. A dungeon with a boring appearance would have rooms that look too much like one another or are too convoluted, confusingly complex layout or too simplistic of a layout, with no objects inhabiting the rooms. Neither players nor DMs should be bored or overwhelmed by the appearance of a dungeon.
4) Design helps us understand a dungeon
The dungeon should be intuitive enough for players to extrapolate information from its design. Players should be able to make connections like “oh this must be a feasting hall” and “this looks like a gate house.” The dungeon’s design, its architecture, inhabiting objects, and other hints will clue the players in. The dungeon can also help players further understand the setting and game world as they investigate the history of the dungeon and speak to sentient inhabitants.
5) Design should be unobtrusive
It’s often said that good design is invisible. The dungeon shouldn’t look as if it’s been overly designed. This is often noticed when the “correct path” is hamfisted and all the other exits are completely not an option. The players shouldn’t feel completely railroaded through a dungeon, unable to choose their own path. The players shouldn’t feel as if the dungeon is too much of an enigma for them to comprehend, nor too abstract for regular travel.
6) Design should be honest
The dungeon is not unfair. Players should have adequate foreshadowing for traps. Players should be able to overcome just about any encounter. This doesn’t mean they need to all be of an appropriate challenge rating, but a difficult encounter should have some other way around it. A dungeon that is designed only to kill the players serves for both terrible storytelling and unfun gameplay. If players feel cheated, as if their agency has been stolen from them, that is dishonest dungeon design.
7) Dungeons should be durable
While yes, the dungeon should be structurally sound, durability is more about using a product over and over again. If you intend to publish a dungeon, be sure that the adventure is self-contained so it’s easy to add into any campaign. Also ensure the dungeon can still be fun if played through again. Riddles and plot twists should occur probably just once per dungeon since each becomes known after one playthrough.
8) Design is consequent to the last detail
Every detail you describe in your narrative or add to your dungeon should be added with purpose, no matter how small. Even something as small as dust informs players of two things: the area is old and has not been disturbed.
However, you don’t need to add details that do not inform the players or are not relevant. For instance, a book might show signs of its age and have information they need, but you don’t need to write the entirety of the book if the players only need one passage. Omit objects and details that cannot be used for either story or combat.
9) Design is concerned with the environment
The dungeon is affected by the world around it. Whether it is crumbling from time, settled by new creatures, inhabited by its original owners, spoken of in rumors, avoided by the villagers, or what have you.
On a more abstract level, the dungeon should also be concerned with the narrative environment. Should the dungeon be a sprawling megadungeon when the players just got out of one? Probably not. The rhythm and flow of the dungeon in the overarching story of the players should be considered.
10) Dungeons should have as little design as possible
Simplicity is stronger than designing every last detail. That’s not to say details shouldn’t exist, but those details should be meaningful. Simplicity means that players will be able to run through your dungeon more easily without spending hours being lost or stuck without knowing what to do. Overwhelmed with the unnecessary, they wrack their brains until they give up. You players should never want to stop playing. And trust me, even the most competent players will overthink the most simple puzzles, so you don’t need to try too hard.
Furthermore, an overabundance of design can come from trying to guide the players’ movement, actions, and decisions. Such design should be done subtly and infrequently or else it becomes obvious and intrusive; an insult to players’ intelligence and a consequence for pro-active exploration. Instead, such things should be rewarded. Only employ such design when players might potentially get confused to help subconsciously guide them.