its wandering time
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@dreamumus
its wandering time
welcome home
annettes three hopes design is EVERYTHING
2.1âČs revolutionaries, everyone
mimi tomoÂ
i want a church girl who go to church
i just think the wangsheng funeral duoâs neat
âïžâšmeka squad, reporting for duty! âšâïž
sheâs the real dealÂ
did anyone elseâs brain need to do a double take with pearl thereÂ
"simping" is like the idealized form of heterosexual love and companionship, and is the contemporary revival of the legendary courtly love of the high middle ages
Vijay Singh with the most outrageous golf shot the masters has ever seen. Ever.
G O L F W I T H O U T L I M I T S
I can only assume this is from some amazingly realistic looking sports anime because there ainât no goddamn way that happened in real life.
Iâve definitely reblogged this before, but I just think itâs super cute because there are like âgolf mannersâ where youâre not supposed to make a huge ruckus but like EVERYONE felt it warranted cheering because HOLY SHIT THAT WAS A GREAT SHOT.
how do you not hold your club above your head and hoot like a tusken raider after a shot like that
Choose your fighter.
Political compass
Invention of bread is weird bc itâs like some Neolithic ppl were like âhey you know that tall grass thing thatâs sorta edible but not really how about we take it and grind it into a very very fine powder which is extra backbreaking right now bc the wheel wonât be invented for awhile and then we mix it with water and heat it up and you know what letâs also toss some mold in there just to see what happensâ
there are a number of distinct steps though, each of which can be observed in isolation. âgrind tough seeds to make them edibleâ is practiced with other foods besides grains (like acorns). the natural next step after that is to add water, which gives you porridge: a common ancient roman meal was puls, very similar to modern cream of wheat. once you have that you also have a simple dough, and baking it to preserve it is a logical experiment (as is baking some you forgot about and left out for a few days, just so you donât waste it... voila, leavened bread)
there could have been, and probably was (though iâm not an archaeologist) a substantial time between each of these innovations. itâs not too hard to imagine people being chill with âgrind seeds for soup, select plants for bigger seedsâ for a good while
Do you ever wonder how many amazing things are fated to go forever uninvented because each step necessary to invent them is a completely unintuitive thing to do?
Okay, that's not how bread was invented. I wrote a potted history, I could try to dig that out if anyone is interested?
Please do
I'm putting this on my bread blog, because of course I am. Also tagging @appendingfic who I think expressed interest.
Tens of thousands of years ago people foraged and hunted for their food and ate whatever they could. Among their forage were wild cereals, which included the ancestors of modern cultivated wheat, barley and others.
People like sweet things. Grains are starchy, but if sprouted they start converting those starches to sugars, so people would've left grains in water to sprout. These sprouts are also easier to digest, thus more nutritious, which bestowed an invisible advantage on those sprouting their grains.
If grains are left in water too long, however, they begin to ferment. Alcohol is produced. People like alcohol.
In ancient Mesopotamia the fermented grains were experimented with, resulting in an early form of beer. The process of making that beer was quite complicated and involved a combination of sprouted and mashed grains.
People wanted beer all year round, but early beers did not have long shelf lives and the grain could only be harvested at certain times. So the ancient Mesopotamians invented a way of storing the ingredients for beer.
It was made of the grain mash, honey, dates and spices that were fermented to make beer. For storage, prior to fermentation, the mixture was baked dry, cut into smaller pieces and baked again to remove all water. This produced bapir, a product very much like biscotti, which could be stored for later rehydration and fermentation. Sometimes it was eaten instead.
I've made bapir, and I've eaten it. It is brittle but delicious. It's also a form of unleavened bread.
Bread was invented as a way to store the ingredients for beer, which was most likely a development from a chance discovery. Leavened bread (that is, with bubbles) may well have been discovered when a mixture like that for bapir was accidentally allowed to ferment before baking. Yeast is responsible for both alcohol production and leavening.
There's a lot more to it, in terms of the cultivation of grains and the development of milling, than I've written here. It's been a process of millennia to go from chewing sprouts to eating soft white bread like that pictured. But every step along the way was small and simple.
I never would have guessed that beer pre-existed bread. I've always just assumed that beer was an accidental discovery by breadmakers.
Traces of coca and nicotine found in Egyptian mummies -Â WTF fun facts
well DUH. a lot of historians are still trying to process the fact that ancient egyptians knew how to build boats, which is ridiculous. why would they not be seafarers and explorers?
this is not new or surprising information at all. it pretty much day one of any african-american studies course.
the egyptians knew that if they put their boats in front of the summer storm winds itâd blow them right across the sea to the Americas and they shared that with the greeks.
Itâs really hard for people to understand that everyone had boats, exploration, and trade interactions without the same level of murder, colonization, and violence that the Europeans did. Itâs really hard for people to get that.
Well, no people find hard to understand that one of the earliest civilizations could build a boat sturdy enough and reliable enough to cross a 8,766 mile stretch that gave people thousands of years of technological progress later great difficulty.
The notion that technology is a steady upward climb of âprogressâ is, itself, part of a Eurocentric historical narrative revolving around the tacit teleological assertion that Western European civilisation represents the culmination and endpoint of history.
In reality, technologies are frequently discovered, lost and rediscovered, often multiple times, and frequently in parallel. A Dark Age in one region may be a time of rapid technological development in another region, and itâs not uncommon to encounter evidence of ancient civlisations using technologies a thousand years out of whack with the âproperâ order of discovery⊠where âproperâ is defined in terms of the order in which those technologies were discovered in Western Europe - thereâs that Eurocentrism again.
I mean, just to give you an idea of how flexible the order in which technologies are developed can be and how ultimately wrong-headed the notion of linear technological progress is, there are Central American civilisations that had indoor plumbing, central heating and hot and cold running water before inventing the wheel. Some of the First Nations in what is now Eastern Canada had sophisticated climate models and reliable weather prediction - including functioning barometers and other simple meteorological instruments - before they figured out metallurgy.
So no, itâs not particularly incredible that the ancient Egyptians had boats far more advanced than they âshouldâ have given their overall level of technology. That stuff happens all the time.
People invent the technology they need. They can even invent a technology, then not use it.
The Inca are often accused of ânot knowing about wheels.â
Except, they did have wheels. They just didnât use wheels for long distance transportation. They had a huge road system. On which everything was moved by pack animals and people. The Inca road is an incredible feat of engineering.
So, why didnât they use wheels?
Because their land was so freaking mountainous that the road would repeatedly turn into this:
Tell me what earthly use a wheel is when your road keeps having to have steps and narrow bridges because you live on top of a mountain.
But that image shows us what they did have.
Thatâs a suspension bridge. Europeans didnât invent those until centuries after the Inca did.
Because when the most efficient route through your home hits chasms, guess what?
You get real good at making bridges!
And when the best way to move goods through your desert homeland is a big river?
You get real good at making boats.
The technology a culture develops and uses is the technology they need. In Europe that was one suite of technology, and because white folk are so dang arrogant, we think thatâs the superior means of development. Itâs not, itâs just how technology develops in Europe.
The Minoan civilisation in Greece, around 2,500 BCE, developed huge technological advancements, including fully operational water and sewage systems, complete with flushing toilets. This would be around 3,000 years before one was invented in England.
Minoan Greece was also a sea power. They had huge fleets of ships, which meant they did a lot of exploration. They also built one of the biggest trade networks in the world, reaching as far as Egypt, Cyprus, Canaan, Syria, the Iberian Peninsula (modern-day Spain and Portugal), the Levantine coast, Anatolia and Mesopotamia (modern-day Turkey, Israel and Iraq).
A volcano eruption on a nearby island, which caused a tsunami, possibly destroyed their sea power and left them vulnerable, which is why most of their technology was lost.
The Late Bronze Age Collapse a few centuries later led to the simultaneous destruction of advanced civilisations in Greece, Egypt, the Near East, Asia Minor, North Africa, Caucasus, Balkans and the Eastern Mediterranean. This caused a dark age across two continents which created isolated village cultures, and is the reason most of their advancements were lost.
The notion that technology can only advance is some white nonsense.
That too.
(Minoan Crete may have been part of the inspiration for Atlantis).
This is also why Egyptians didnât bother with the wheel* for like three thousand years. What fucking good are wheels when EVERYTHING IS SAND?
But on the flip sideâŠthey came up with a way to use water to basically hydroplane those giant stone blocks in their buildings across the desert. Which is a hell of a lot more useful in an unpaved sandy region.
Likewise letâs not forget the Aztecs, who came up with a farming system so efficient (chinampas) that parts of it are still used today and really ought to be revived on a wider scale as part of sustainable farming. And also Native Americans, and Iâm using that term BECAUSE itâs so broad: look at tribes across the country and youâll see something interesting. Iroquois, living in a cold, well-forested, and often icy land, built immovable longhousesâwhich would survive the bitter northeastern winters. Plains tribes developed the tipi/teepeeâwhile they also faced long, even dangerous winters, they also lived in a place where travel was far easier and the worst of winter could be weathered by heading south. Or down where I live, the Sinagua (later assimilated into the Hopi) built their homes IN CLIFFS. And by that I mean âoff the ground, built into the cliff face with adobe.â Aka, some of the best pre-refrigeration insulation against the heat that you could possibly hope for. We still donât know how they did it, incidentally. âWith ladders, dumbassâ is an obvious answer in some of their dwellings, but in others itâs not clear how they justâŠ.hung over a sinkhole, a quarter of a mile or so above the water, and chipped out the front doors so they had a place to sit while they made the rest. Scaffolds? Very well-balanced rope ladders? Smaller cliffs they chipped off afterward to prevent enemy incursion? We donât know, but we do know they found a way to make the extreme heat survivable and even sort of a nonissue. They never bothered with stuff like modern central AC because they found a way to let the stone and clay do the job for them.
Technology isnât always a race. Sometimes itâs just an evolution.
*nominally. We have extant toys from this period that have wheels to make them move.
my grandma told me something yesterday that pretty much changed my outlook on life. we were having dinner and talking about my future, and how all of my friends seem to be doing so much better than i am, and she looked at me and said âhey, if we all had the same path in life the road would be too crowdedâ and i havenât stopped thinking about that since.