Fun geography time.
This isn’t an unprecedented or unusual piece of folklore, and I think there’s a notable demographic reason that this lore shows-up in the long-grass prairies of the northern Corn Belt of the U.S. This appears to be a classic telling of “Roggenwolf” folklore, a variation on the “feldgeister” concept.
Roggenwolf - or sometimes, Kornwolf - specifically refers to the German folk belief in a phantom wolf spirit which hides in tall corn fields and stalks children. Roggenwolf is one of the more popular and widely-known of the feldgeister spirits.
In German folk culture, Feldgeisters, as is probably obvious from the name, are malevolent spirits which dwell in crops and rural agricultural fields. Feldgeisters are almost always specifically associated with children; that is, they are said to target children for torment and death. They are not really associated with naturally-occurring grasslands or woodlands, but instead are distinctly related to domesticated crops. Sometimes, some rural residents will make small ritualistic offerings during harvest season as a gesture to appease the spirit. The spirit is said to be most active when crops are at their tallest.
Other variations of the crop-dwelling feldgeister include an evil pig (Roggensau); a dog that tickles children to death (Kiddelhunde); a witch-like corn-woman who kidnaps children (Roggenmuhme); and a chicken that pecks-out children’s eyes (Getreidehahn).
I would say that there are two (2!) very good reasons why feldgeister lore shows-up in some micro-regions of the Midwest, while being absent in others. Specifically, both the ethnic heritage and the ecology of a certain part of the Plains/Midwest create good conditions for replicating this European lore in North America
People familiar with the cultural geography of the American Midwest are probably well-aware of the strong ethnic Norwegian presence among rural agricultural cultures in the glaciated plains of the Red River Valley of western Minnesota, the northern half of North Dakota, and northeastern Montana. Ecologically, this landscape is glaciated prairies with pothole lakes, and often hosts much more barley than corn. Meanwhile, the Heartland region of rural Illinois and Indiana, though hosting quite a bit of heavy corn industry, isn’t too much more ethnically German than other parts of America, and much of the landscape is a mixture of Rust Belt industrial areas in-between the cornfields (so it’s not exactly desolate and creepy).
However, there is very strong ethnic German presence in the long-grass prairies southern Minnesota, South Dakota, south-central North Dakota, parts of western Wisconsin, and central Nebraska and Kansas away from the urban areas of Omaha and Kansas City. In most of this land, over 50% of the population has German ancestry. Aside from this cultural composition, this region also lends itself better to creepy, eerie stories because it is more empty and ecologically homogenous than the rest of the Great Lakes and Heartlands; this is the region where crops run uninterrupted for miles and rural dirt-roads run in empty grid networks in every direction. Though the feldgeister concept has a closer association with cornfields in Europe, the long-grass prairies (roughly centered neared Sioux Falls) host 1) heavy German influence, and 2) the most expansive crops in the country. Therefore, the region is probably ripe for a replication of spooky German lore about haunted cornfields.
Source: Me
Map 1 – Cultural Micro-Regions of the Heartland and Great Plains:
I think that this map might help to visualize where both cornfields and rural lifestyle predominate, opening the door to rural folklore. The two regions here where corn agriculture is predominant are the orange and yellow regions. The orange region, the classic “Heartland”, hosts Indiana Hoosier culture and the cornfields of Illinois and Ohio. However, the region is marked by smaller farms and a higher population density, and is not that rural compared to the plains further west; much of this region also hosts larger cities and a lot of Rust Belt industrial zones and dairy farms. The yellow region, however, is both covered in corn and quite rural, where crops can span from horizon to horizon. That’s where we would look for German folk culture.
Source: An anonymous hero cartographer who’s had their work stolen by Pinterest users
Map 2 – German Ancestry in the U.S.
This might help to visualize the places where predominant corn agriculture overlaps with German ancestry. Note that in much of central Wisconsin and central North Dakota, over 50% of people have German ancestry. But this land isn’t really dominated by corn. However, the region roughly from Fargo (on the Minnesota-North Dakota border) to Kansas City is both heavily German and dominated by corn.
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Anyway, feldgeister lore is scary. I’d love to hear more American versions, since a lot of the scholarship on these spooky corn-wolves is based on folk culture in Germany itself, rather than the diaspora in the U.S.
jacobvanloon
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