How the Hylian government works
Disclaimer: this is for my original loz comic and not an actual explanation of how it works in canon
The name ‘Zelda’ itself is a title given to a member of the royal family who shows the most promising signs of having a connection with Hylia. This person is referred to traditionally as the ‘spirit maiden’ and is expected to lead the kingdom as its holy ruler, or operate as a religious figure if they choose not to rule. The connection to Hylia is shown by the person’s ability to harness their ancestral powers (not the triforce, but rather the powers Hylia’s reincarnation passed down the family bloodline), this gift appears once a generation, normally passing down one family lineage. The worship of Hylia herself is only just beginning to gain traction as most common/non-royalty people worshipped the golden goddesses.
The Hylian monarchy operates under the “Divine Right of Kings” notion, and holds complete sovereignty over all peoples and nations in the kingdom. It also rules under the Virtues of Hylia, which states that one’s destiny is shaped by faith in the royal family and Hylia; poor faith = a bad fate, honest faith = a good fate. This helps contribute to maintaining order over the population, and to determine what counts as treason or disloyalty. Outside of the the royal family, Hylian society closely resembles a feudal system: common people serve under a lord for protection and shelter, the lord hires vassals to protect their territory from dangers and provides them their own private land, the lord also sends aid and soldiers to the royal army in exchange for being allowed to own a large piece of land and authority from the royal family.
Responsibility of the royal family
The king and queen have very similar roles and duties depending on who was married in and who was born into the royal family. Since the ‘spirit maiden’ is usually the queen, the monarchy has leaned into a matriarchy more since the one bearing Hylia’s gift has the responsibilities of: highest commander during wartime, just above the general; making sure the subjects of Hyrule were not being terrorized by the forces of Ganon or other related entities, and to prepare the kingdom when signs of his arrival appear; have the final say on establishing alliances, war/peace declarations; establish/enforce order with nobles and entities with sovereignty, this includes having to appoint another leader if necessary; uphold the law to keep order, though the monarch often can get away with excusing themselves; and carry out Hylia’s wishes, which includes all of the above. The other ruler, often the king, has the responsibilities of: forging alliances with other nations; making sure the second tier government (high council, treasury, foreign affairs, record-keeping) does their job; uphold the image of the royal family, often through organizing public events or propaganda; and organize formal meetings/parties. Oftentimes the relationship between king and queen is completely platonical, this is encouraged so they don’t become distracted with each other, and can work more efficiently as political partners.
Since the heir of the throne often depended on who was the next ‘Zelda,’ there was no reliable way of telling which sibling/cousin would become the next in line, and so the government did not focus on first borns. But until a ‘Zelda’ was confirmed, princes/princesses were responsible for being educated on the affairs of government, religion, inter-kingdom politics, and general studies of the highest degree. For the siblings/cousins who were not ‘Zelda,’ their duties evolved to a variety of positions, such as: high council member, or other second tier official; married into noble families or other royal families; ambasadoors, or foreign relations; and to provide possible heirs to the throne, or step up to help the king/queen’s duties if one or the other had died.
In this story, Hyrule is stepping into a new era of prosperity thanks to the works of a prior king some 8-9 generations ago. This has led to Hyrule opening up to communications and commerce with other nations overseas, a much needed aspect in its economy. Hyrule itself is well self-sufficient because of its vast resources, but lacks in industrial or technological advances when having to deal with the kingdom being repeatedly thrown into a dark age nearly everytime Ganon is resurrected. Most foreign nations find Hyrule to be outdated as monarchies have died out or been replaced, and that the worship of Hylia isn’t commonly practiced anywhere else.
All subjects in Hyrule answer to the power of the Hyrulian royal family, but there are a few groups that have their own governing process under the monarchy. Groups such as the Gorons, Ocean & River Zora, and Gerudo are capable of establishing their own independent set of laws and customs as long as it met the royal family’s standards, although some groups have to struggle for their own sense of sovereignty. Their share of power is exchanged for solidified loyalty and openness to Hylian travel and commerce.
Despite having been the backing force behind the royal family’s ambitions and enforcers of the law, the Sheikah are gradually taking a step back from political agendas (many fear that their purpose as Hylia’s servants has been misguided) and are moving towards a peaceful lifestyle.