L’imperfetto e il passato prossimo - Italian grammar
Quando usiamo l’imperfetto e quando il passato prossimo?
= When do we use imperfect and when past simple?
1. Imperfetto = Imperfect
a) Azione passata abituale- ripetuta
= Action in the past which was usual/ repeated
Di solito andavo al lavoro in macchina. = Usually, I was going to work by car.
Da giovane non studiava molto. = (as young, lit.) As a young person, she/ he was not studying a lot.
Venivano ogni giorno a casa mia. = They were coming every day to my house.
b) Azione in un momento preciso non conclusa
= Action in a precise moment which is not concluded
Ieri alle 10 dormivo. = Yesterday at 10 I was sleeping.
Il 2 marzo ero già in Italia. = On 2nd of may I have already been in Italy.
2. Imperfetto + imperfetto
a) azioni contemporanee
= parallel actions
Mentre mangiavo, leggevo il giornale. = While I was eating, I was reading the newspaper.
Quando lui parlava, lei era sempre nervosa. = When he was talking, she was always nervous.
Camminava e parlava al telefono. = He was walking and talking on his phone.
a) azione conclusa
= concluded actions
Sono rimasta a casa tutto il giorno. = I stayed at home the whole day.
Ho studiato dalle 5 alle 8. = I studied from 5 to 8.
Ho dormito fino alle 11. = I slept till 11.
4. Passato prossimo + passato prossimo
a) azioni successive concluse
= 2 followed, concluded actions
Ha aperto il frigorifero e ha preso il latte. = He opened the fridge and took the milk.
Primo ha acceso la luce e poi la tv. = Firstly, he turned on the light and then the TV.
Ho chiamato Francesco e abbiamo parlato un sacco. = I called Francesco and we talked a lot.
5. Passato prossimo + imperfetto
a) azione in corso interrota
= interrupted actions
Mentre camminavo, ho visto il cane. = While I was walking, I saw the dog.
Quadro ero a Roma, ho visitato il Vaticano. = When I was in Rome, I visited the Vatican.
Mentre ero in macchina, è suonato il cellulare. = While I was in the car, the phone rang.
A new italian grammar post!
I must admit, this is a grey area for me and I am not 100% sure whether the translations are correct, but the usage itself is.
Anyone who speaks italian is more than welcome to correct me and add anything else relevant.
<3