Cosmic Funnies
trying on a metaphor

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Xuebing Du

tannertan36
styofa doing anything
Cosimo Galluzzi
we're not kids anymore.

祝日 / Permanent Vacation

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Misplaced Lens Cap

@theartofmadeline
Sweet Seals For You, Always

★
NASA
Jules of Nature
2025 on Tumblr: Trends That Defined the Year

❣ Chile in a Photography ❣
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Stranger Things

seen from United States
seen from Malaysia

seen from Argentina

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@galswintha
Behind the iron fence
#fatherandsonthings A KNIGHT OF THE SEVEN KINGDOMS (2026) ↳01x04 "Seven"
show!Maekar and Dyanna Dayne in dornish style ✨
The spring rains have swollen many of our streams.
Trzej Królowie (The Three Kings) - a group of basaltic rocks. They are part of the lava dome, making the low, flat hill Kopista. The whole rock formation results from fissure eruptions, probably of Oligocene age.
Chojnowska Plain, at the foot of the Pogórze Kaczawskie. Active basalt quarries are found on two lava domes in the region: Kopista and Winna Góra.
From my yearly pilgrimage to admire red lillies.
https://archiveofourown.org/works/21394684/chapters/50968021
Rock with the medallion. Cretaceous limestones in Zbylutów Graben in the westernmost part of Pogórze Kaczawskie.
To moja 9 rocznica na Tumblrze 🥳
Small abandoned amphibolite quarry on the Kunowska Góra in the Ślęża Massif. It's called mountain, but in fact it's the hill of 190 m. For some reasons I wanted to visit this place since long and finally did.
Auguste Toulmouche - Le Billet, 1883
Partly developed circumscribed halo with circumzenithal arc.
Plate tectonic surprise: Utrecht geologist unexpectedly finds remnants of a lost mega-plate
Utrecht University geologist Suzanna van de Lagemaat has reconstructed a massive and previously unknown tectonic plate that was once one-quarter the size of the Pacific Ocean. Her colleagues in Utrecht had predicted its existence over 10 years ago based on fragments of old tectonic plates found deep in the Earth’s mantle. Van de Lagemaat reconstructed lost plates through field research and detailed investigations of the mountain belts of Japan, Borneo, the Philippines, New Guinea, and New Zealand. To her surprise, she found that oceanic remnants on northern Borneo must have belonged to the long-suspected plate, which scientists have named Pontus. She has now reconstructed the entire plate in its full glory. Suzanna van de Lagemaat will defend her dissertation on this plate tectonics puzzle at Utrecht University on Friday, October 13.
Understanding the movements of the tectonic plates that make up the earth’s rigid outer shell is essential to understand the planet’s geological history. The movements of these plates strongly influenced how the planet’s paleogeography and climate have changed over time, and even where to find rare metals. But large oceanic plates from the geological past have since disappeared into the earth’s mantle by means of subduction. They have left behind only fragments of rock hidden in mountain belts. Van de Lagemaat studied the planet’s most complicated plate tectonic region: the area around the Philippines. “The Philippines is located at a complex junction of different plate systems. The region almost entirely consists of oceanic crust, but some pieces are raised above sea level, and show rocks of very different ages.”
Reconstruction
Using geological data, Van de Lagemaat first reconstructed the movements of the current plates in the region between Japan and New Zealand. That revealed how large the area was of plates that must have disappeared in the current western Pacific region. “We also conducted field work on northern Borneo, where we found the most important piece of the puzzle. We thought we were dealing with relicts of a lost plate that we already knew about. But our magnetic lab research on those rocks indicated that our finds were originally from much farther north, and had to be remnants of a different, previously unknown plate.” But the important realisation was yet to come. “11 years ago, we thought that the remnants of Pontus might lie in northern Japan, but we’d since refuted that theory”, explains Douwe van Hinsbergen, Van de Lagemaat’s PhD supervisor. “It was only after Suzanna had systematically reconstructed half of the ‘Ring of Fire’ mountain belts from Japan, through New Guinea, to New Zealand that the proposed Pontus plate revealed itself, and it included the rocks we studied on Borneo.”
Relics
The relics of Pontus are not only located on northern Borneo, but also on Palawan, an island in the Western Philippines, and in the South China Sea. Van de Lagemaat’s research also showed that a single coherent plate tectonic system stretched from southern Japan to New Zealand, and it must have existed for at least 150 million years. That is also a new discovery in the field.
Waves
The previous predictions of the existence of Pontus were made possible because a subducted plate leaves behind traces when it ‘sinks’ into the earth’s mantle: zones in the mantle with anomalous temperatures or compositions. These anomalies can be observed when seismographs pick up signals from earthquakes. Earthquakes send waves through Earth’s interior, and when they travel through an anomaly, such as a fragment from an old plate, the anomaly produces a disruption of the signal. Geologists can trace these disruptions to the existence of phenomena in the mantle, such as fragments of tectonic plates. That allows them to look 300 million years into the past; older plate fragments have ‘dissolved’ at the boundary between the mantle and the core. The study from 11 years ago showed that a large subduction zone must have run through the western paleo-Pacific Ocean, which separated the known Pacific plates in the east from the hypothetical Pontus plate in the west. This hypothesis has now been independently demonstrated by Van de Lagemaat’s research.
IMAGE....The Pontus oceanic plate that was reconstructed by Suzanna van de Lagemaat: its location in the paleo-Pacific ocean 120 million years ago, and its present relicts. An earlier study showed that a large subduction zone must have run through the western paleo-Pacific Ocean, which separated the known Pacific plates in the east from a hypothetical Pontus plate in the west. This hypothesis has now been independently demonstrated by Van de Lagemaat’s research. CREDIT Suzanna van de Lagemaat, Utrecht University
Bagieniec village lies on the line of the Tertiary Bagieniec-Paszowice fault, which is the north-western border of the Strzegom - Sobótka granite massif. Strzelnica hill, towering over the village, is the raised wing of this fault, built of the Paleozoic granite intrusion of Carboniferous age. The depressed part in which Bagieniec is located belongs to the Roztoka-Mokrzeszów Graben, filled with sediments of the Tertiary and Quaternary period.
The outcrops of Strzelnica hill show granite rocks called the Strzegom granite and products of their weathering.
The sunken lane (wąwóz drogowy, holweg), at the north-western edge of Samborowiczki village, made in Pleistocene loess deposits. It runs in a depth of up to 5 meters, with characteristic, very steep walls with an inclination reaching 80°. Loess deposits of the area lie on much older paleozoic and proterozoic rocks, building the majority of the Strzelińskie Hills.
Armitage & Kylo