Low-Carb, No-Carb, Good-Carb, Bad-Carb: What’s the Deal??
Carbs get a bad rap. This upsets me in ways that I can not fully explain. I fully live in accordance to Tan France’s quote, “We love a carb”. Most people assume that a carb is a carb and that no matter what brush you use to paint them, they’re bad for you. This isn’t true!! Yes, it is advised to be careful/mindful of your consumption of added sugars (like that Coke) and simple carbohydrates (such as white rice), your body NEEDS carbohydrates to function! And while you may think your only daily source of carbs is in the bagel you have for breakfast, vegetables and fruits also supply you with needed carbohydrates.
The term “Carbohydrate” has seemingly become synonymous with “bad”, especially with increases in diets that focus on high fat/protein and low/no carbohydrates. It’s important to know the difference between foods that are high in carbohydrates, and foods that contain added sugars (the carbohydrates you should be mindful of).
High in Carbohydrates vs. High in Added-Sugars
Added sugars are defined in Nutrition for Foodservice and Culinary Professionals as follows:
Sugars, syrups, and other kcaloric sweeteners that are added to foods during processing, preparation, or consumed separately. These do not include naturally occurring sugars such as those in fruit or milk. (Drummond, Brefere, Grosvenor & Bedoya, 2017)
While carbohydrates are defined as:
A large class of nutrients, including sugars, starch, and fiber, that function as the body’s primary source of energy. (Drummond, Brefere, Grosvenor & Bedoya, 2017)
The easiest way to tell if something is high in added sugars is to look at the product label – more specifically, the ingredients.
Do you see ingredients like fructose, honey, glucose, corn sweetener, cane crystals, maltose, dextrose, corn syrup, or agave nectar? What about just plain “sugar”? The closer these are to the beginning of the list of ingredients and the more often these appear signals a high likelihood that the food you are consuming has added sugars (The Nutrition Source, 2019a). Ingredient lists are organised to show components in order of quantity (for example: the higher percentage of the over all recipe it is, the higher it is on the list) – as a good rule, if sugar or a sugar product is within the first 5-10 ingredients, you should be careful of how much of it you are consuming.
It’s also important to look at the product labels because of how nutrients are classified. Fibre, an essential and beneficial part of our diets, is grouped under carbohydrates. The food you’re eating may say it contains 15g of carbohydrates, the breakdown of that 15g allotted to sugars would be higher if the food had 0g of Fibre as opposed to 5g.
Negative Impacts of Too Much Added Sugar
Nutrition research has shown that eating too much added sugar in our diet has negative results (Harvard Publishing, 2017).
In addition to increasing your risk of obesity, Type II diabetes, risk of high blood pressure, coronary heart disease and stroke, and tooth decay, eating too many added sugars usually signifies that the type of food you are eating is not nutritionally balanced (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2019)(Drummond, Brefere, Grosvenor & Bedoya, 2017). These added sugars are usually added for flavour reasons, and when flavour, not nutrition, is top priority it makes it easier to justify why a product needs to contain 5-6 different forms of sugar.
The problem here lies in the fact that a LOT of what we eat has added sugars. These are fine once in a while but consuming too much can lead to sugar addiction in addition to the numerous health problems mentioned previously (Harvard Publishing, 2017).
Reducing your added sugar intake may seem incredibly difficult, but with a few changes like reducing your consumption of juice, soda, and other sugary drinks, and choosing whole grains/foods over processed carbohydrates, you’ll be on the right track (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2019).
Well, What’s a Whole Grain? (And Why You Should Be Adding Whole Grains to Your Diet)
Now you may be thinking, “Jasmine…. What’s a whole grain and why is it so important I replace my delicious, delicious Honey Nut Cheerios with them?”
To that I say the following: Whole grains are grains that have the germ, the bran, and the endosperm all intact/remaining (Raman, 2018). Typically, grains are processed so that only the endosperm (the food source of the grain) is consumed in the form of white flour. In this process, the nutritious and fibre-rich germ and bran are removed and used for different purposes, leaving only the starchy endosperm behind.
When you choose to opt for foods/grains that have all three components (germ, bran and endosperm) still intact, you’re getting the most nutrient-rich version of the grain you can. So yes, why HNC are delicious, opting for steel-cut oats (while more time consuming) gives you a less refined carbohydrate that is lower in added sugars.
In addition to being nutrient-rich, whole grains have the potential ability to lower cholesterol as a result of their high-fibre content and slow the breakdown a glucose down to prevent blood sugar spikes. There is also some research that indicates that some of the vitamins and minerals present in whole grains have been linked to decreasing cancer risks, and risks of heart related diseases (The Nutrition Source, 2019b).
Spotting All of This in the Wild
It’s one thing to read all of this, but when you’re out in the real world, will you know what to look for? I’ve included some pictures of packaged foods with added sugars (with the added sugars circled), foods that contain carbohydrates, and whole grains. Check your favourite foods to see how they stack up in terms of added sugars – you might be surprised!
An apple! (A great source of a healthy carbohydrate)
Ketchup has added sugar in addition to the natural sugar present in the tomatoes
Both Steel-Cut Oats and Quinoa are whole grains, pure and simple. No added sugars.
Now what’s in your cupboards?
Drummond, K. E., Brefere, L. M., Grosvenor, M. B. & Bedoya, D. L.. (2017). Nutrition for Foodservice and Culinary Professionals. Chapter 3: Carbohydrates. pp 64-94. (9th Custom Edition for GBC) [Texidium version]. Retrieved from https://texidium.com
Flinn, M. (2019.). Bagel and vegetables with spread [Photo]. Nutritious Eats. Retrieved from http://www.nutritiouseats.com/the-best-veggie-bagel-sandwich/
Harvard Publishing. (2017). The sweet danger of sugar. Retrieved from https://www.health.harvard.edu/heart-health/the-sweet-danger-of-sugar
Klattell, P. (2012). Nutritional Facts Chart [Graphic]. Eat Out Eat Well. Retrieved from https://eatouteatwell.com/what-do-total-carbohydrate-and-added-sugar-mean-on-the-nutrition-label/
Mayo Clinic Staff. (2019). Don't get sabotaged by added sugar. Retrieved from https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/added-sugar/art-20045328
The Nutrition Source. (2019a). Added sugar in the diet. Retrieved from https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/carbohydrates/added-sugar-in-the-diet/
The Nutrition Source. (2019b). Whole grains. Retrieved from https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/what-should-you-eat/whole-grains/
Ragesoss (2013). A close-up of dry steel-cut "Irish Style" oats, Country Choice Organic brand [Photograph]. Wikipedia. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bowl_of_dry_steel-cut_oats_with_full_spoon.jpeg
Raman, R. (2018). 14 healthy Whole-Grain foods (Including Gluten-Free Options). Retrieved from https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/whole-grain-foods
Snap4CT. (n.d.). Added Sugars on Ingredient List [Photo]. Snap4CT. Retrieved from https://www.snap4ct.org/added-sugar.html