The Science of the Subconscious
An in-depth overview of Carl Jung’s “Shadow Self”
"Who looks outside, dreams; who looks inside, awakes." -Carl Jung
Introduction
Carl Jung, a renowned Swiss analytical psychiatrist, developed and introduced the concept of our “Shadow Self,” which provides us the captivating and intriguing idea that there are two aspects of our selves: The conscious side and the subconscious side; the latter which is normally hidden and only may be acknowledged or accessed via the use of specific forms of therapy. He also had advanced the concept of introvert and extravert personalities as well as personality archetypes (Biography, 2023).
Carl Jung also helped develop analytical psychology, commonly termed as “Jungian Psychology” or alternatively, “Jungian Therapy.” It is the study of a comprehensive, analytical form of therapy to distinguish the conscious mind from the subconscious mind, with the objective to gain an immense understanding of the patient’s “real” self, rather than the perception of self they display to the world around them (Psychology Today, 2022).
Practicing Jungian Psychology
The practice of Jungian Therapy is used for a broad range of mental health conditions, such as depression, anxiety, grief, low self-esteem, or it may be used generally to determine an individual's purpose and their life direction. There are some widely accepted methods to identify the conscious and subconscious mind, including dream analysis, performing arts therapy, and by word association (Psychology Today, 2022).
At its fundamental level in understanding the purpose of Jungian Psychology, it is essentially used as a form of psychotherapy (or talk therapy,) and can be used as a sole substitute for other therapy or supplemented with conventional forms of therapy.
There are a set of criteria needed to become a practitioner, which includes the completion of two programs, taught concurrently, called “The Jungian Psychotherapy Program and the Jungian Studies Program,” and have licensure as a mental health professional (The C.G. Jung Institute of Chicago, 2025).
The Jungian Archetypes
There are twelve Jungian archetypes when psychologically assessed and each archetype provides a deeper comprehension of the individual’s subconscious mind. An archetype, in this context, is defined as a particular mental view that is inherited from the late human ancestors, that shapes our emotional patterns, thought processes, and our behaviors (Copley, 2025).
Of the twelve archetypes, there are four core archetypes:
The Self
An egoless persona of the individual, serving as a luminescent light to light the path for discovering the realization of self and personal transformation.
The Persona
Serves as the aspect of ourselves that we may “mask” or conceal from others, and instead use other behaviors only known of superficially to function in the outside world.
The Shadow
Hidden within the human psyche are a system of behavioral and personality traits that are normally not seen or accessed regularly, and therefore often repressed deeply within our subconscious that it may become difficult to expose.
The Anima/Animus
The equivalent of what is deemed as “twin flames” in mysticism, or what is considered as our masculine and feminine selves. Understanding the anima/animus may transcend societal and social expectations, discovering more profound traits for self-improvement and navigating through life.
The Anima refers to the feminine parts of a man’s personality whereas the Animus refers to the masculine parts of a woman’s personality (Centre of Applied Jungian Studies, 2023).
To uncover your individual Jungian Archetype can also be achieved by taking assessments, many of which can be found online. Although you can find tests to take for free, bear in mind these may not be as accurate as a paid assessment, or a result given by a Jungian practitioner (Copley, 2025). There are a few different options when taking a Jungian Archetype test, which can either be available online or be given by a practitioner.
The Jungian “Shadow” Archetype
The Shadow archetype, that is introduced by Carl Jung, captures the aspects of ourselves that we often reject, resent, or perhaps are not recognized. The Shadow Self has traits about us that are consciously frowned upon, but nonetheless still can be found within our subconscious mind. Our Shadow Self contrasts with our other archetype, The Persona, which can be easily found within our conscious mind (McLeod, 2024).
Our Shadow Self manifests when we project our rejected traits onto yourselves, which serves as a mirror of the aspects of ourselves that we oppose of. To acknowledge, engage, and address our Shadow Self can present as a major challenge, but can be possible with an adequate amount of time practicing Shadow Work, and/or working with a Jungian Therapist (Psychology Today, 2022).
This interplay of the Persona and the Shadow has been previously explored in literature, and a more famously known one is, “Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde,” as it highlights the character’s dual natures, hence providing an illustration of Carl Jung’s theory (McLeod, 2024).
Carl Jung’s Psychology Test resonate with another well-known personality assessment, called the “Myers-Briggs Indicator” test, which categorizes people into 16 personality types, with each type represented by four letters (Simkus, 2024).
There are four dichotomies, or core categories in this assessment:
Extraversion (E) or Introversion (I)
Sensing (S) or Intuition (N)
Thinking (T) or Feeling (F)
Judging (J) or Perceiving (P)
This assessment can also be found online, with a free version and a paid version. Just like the Jungian Test, the free test results can be inaccurate or use outdated information and therefore should not be solely relied upon if desiring the most objective result based on the most recent credible sources.
You can take the Myers-Briggs test online, which has a free version and a paid version available, on 16Personalities.com. Alternatively, you can access a free Jungian Personality Type assessment at ‘Open Psycho Metrics.’
Summary of Carl Jung’s “Shadow Self”
Carl Jung’s theory of Personality Archetypes offers a profound lens through which we can understand human behavior and the unconscious mind. Among the archetypes, “Shadow" plays a pivotal role. The Shadow represents the repressed or hidden aspects of our psyche—traits, desires, and impulses that society or personal ideals deem unacceptable. Often lurking in the unconscious, the Shadow can influence behavior in subtle and surprising ways, manifesting as fears, projections, or even unacknowledged talents.
Confronting the Shadow is essential for self-awareness and personal growth. Jung believed that integrating the Shadow into our conscious mind leads to individuation, a process of becoming whole and balanced. By acknowledging and embracing our Shadow, we can transcend inner conflicts and unlock deeper layers of authenticity.
In closing, the Shadow reminds us that self-discovery is not just about celebrating our light but also understanding and harmonizing with our inner darkness. It is through this integration that we achieve a fuller sense of self.
Integrating the Shadow Self
Practice Self-Reflection: Set aside time for introspection, journaling, or meditation. Reflect on your thoughts, emotions, and behaviors, especially those that trigger discomfort or defensive reactions.
Observe Your Projections: Pay attention to traits or behaviors you strongly dislike in others. These reactions can often reveal aspects of your own Shadow that you may be unconsciously avoiding.
Embrace Vulnerability: Acknowledge and accept your fears, flaws, and insecurities without judgment. This allows you to face your Shadow with compassion rather than resistance.
Engage in Creative Expression: Art, music, writing, or other creative outlets can provide a safe space to explore and express the hidden parts of your psyche.
Seek Feedback: Trusted friends, family, or mentors can offer insights into blind spots in your personality. Their perspectives may help you see traits you might overlook in yourself.
Work with a Professional: Therapists or counselors trained in Jungian psychology can guide you through Shadow work and help you uncover deeper layers of your unconscious.
Practice Mindfulness: Develop the habit of observing your thoughts and emotions without judgment. Mindfulness creates space for deeper awareness and helps you stay present as you explore your Shadow.
Cultivate Curiosity: Approach your Shadow with curiosity rather than fear. Ask yourself what lessons it holds and how it might contribute to your growth.
As you bring your Shadow into the light, you may find hidden strengths, creative energy, and a greater sense of wholeness. Which of these methods resonates with you the most?
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References
Biography. (2023, August 9). Carl Jung. Retrieved March 5, 2025, from Biography: https://www.biography.com/scientists/carl-jung
Centre of Applied Jungian Studies. (2023, February 4). The Archetypes of the Anima and Animus. Retrieved March 5, 2025, from The Centre of Applied Jungian Studies: https://appliedjung.com/the-archetypes-of-the-anima-and-animus/
Copley, L. (2025, April 8). 12 Jungian Archetypes: The Foundation of Personality. Retrieved March 5, 2025, from Positive Psychology: https://positivepsychology.com/jungian-archetypes/
McLeod, S. (2024, January 24). Carl Jung’s Theory of Personality: Archetypes & Collective Unconscious. Retrieved March 10, 2025, from Simply Psychology: https://www.simplypsychology.org/carl-jung.html
Psychologist World. (n.d.). Jungian Archetype Test. Retrieved from Psychologist World: https://www.psychologistworld.com/tests/jung-archetype-quiz
Psychology Today. (2022, December 19). Jungian Therapy. Retrieved March 5, 2025, from Psychology Today: https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/therapy-types/jungian-therapy
Simkus, J. (2024, January 29). Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI): 16 Personality Types. Retrieved March 10, 2025, from Simply Psychology: There are a few different options when taking a Jungian Archetype test, which can either be available online or be given by a practitioner.
The C.G. Jung Institute of Chicago. (2025, March 5). Jungian Psychotherapy Program & Jungian Studies Program. Retrieved from The C.G. Jung Institute of Chicago: https://jungchicago.org/blog/training/jungian-psychotherapy-studies-program/
Yuan, L. (2024, April 10). Guide: 12 Different Archetypes as Popularized by the Hero and the Outlaw. Personality Psychology, 1. Retrieved March 5, 2025, from https://personality-psychology.com/guide-12-jungian-archetypes/









