alliteration: The repetition of consonant sounds.
allusion: An indirect reference in art or writing to another visual or literary work or a historical personage or event.
antithesis: The contrast of ideas through the use of terms with opposite meanings.
appropriation: The practice of incorporating elements from a preexisting literary or visual work to create a new work.
assonance: The repetition of vowel sounds.
calligram: A type of poem, such as that created by the French poet Guillaume Apollinaire in his book Caligrammes, made up of words that are placed in such a way that they visually represent the subject of the poem.
coined words: Invented words.
concrete poem: A poetic work that calls a reader’s attention to the visual appearance or shape of the letters, words, or lines comprising the poem.
ekphrastic [ek-FRAS-tic] poem: A poetic work written about a work of art.
epic poem: A long, rhymed, narrative poem, usually about heroic characters and their actions.
epic verse: Text written in a rhythm traditionally used for an epic poem.
epistolary [eh-PIS-toh-lehr-ee] poem: A poetic work written like a letter, with one person addressing another, often including conventions typical of letters, such as a heading, greeting, body, closing, and signature.
form: The structure of a poem, whether standard (like a sonnet) or without a regular pattern.
hyperbole: A figure of speech in which exaggeration is used to convey a particular effect.
imagery: In literature, mental pictures of a feeling, sensation, or idea that are suggested by language; also, actual pictures.
list poem: A poetic work composed of a list of items.
metaphor: A type of figurative language in which a term for one thing serves as a symbol for another thing.
onomatopoeia: A word, such as swish, zoom, or whiz, whose name describes a sound.
pattern poem: A poetic work in which the words are artfully placed in the shape of a picture or symbol.
plastic poem: Term used by the Japanese Surrealists to describe a poetic work that utilizes photography, in addition to or in place of text, to evoke complex and symbolic meanings.
rhyme: The repetition of the sounds of words in a poem.
rhythm: In poetry, a pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables.
simile: A type of figurative language in which two different things are compared using “like” or “as.”
sonnet: A poem traditionally comprised of 14 lines written in a set rhyme scheme.
surrealism: A 20th-century artistic and literary movement that emphasized the role of the unconscious mind in creating visual and textual works.
symbolism: The process of using an object or idea to represent or suggest something else.
tableaux: Scenes depicted through posing without talking or moving, usually with costumes.
typographic poem: A poetic work in which the way words and letters look on the page is more important than what the words say.
visual poem: A general term for a poetic work, such as a calligram, concrete poem, pattern poem, or plastic poem, that uses an arrangement of text and/or images to visually convey meaning.
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