Split je najveÄi grad u Dalmaciji, drugi po veliÄini grad u Hrvatskoj, prema posljednjem popisu stanovniĹĄtva, provedenom 2011. godine Split ima 178.192 stanovnika, druga je po veliÄini hrvatska luka i treÄa luka na Mediteranu po broju putnika. Upravno je srediĹĄte Splitsko-dalmatinske Ĺžupanije i gravitira mu podruÄje triju najjuĹžnijih hrvatskih Ĺžupanija (nekadaĹĄnja Zajednica opÄina Split), te dio Hercegovine, pa i Bosne. U luci Lori na sjevernoj strani poluotoka nalazi se sjediĹĄte Hrvatske ratne mornarice. Gradsko srediĹĄte Äini starovjekovna Dioklecijanova palaÄa iz 4. stoljeÄa (pod UNESCO-vom zaĹĄtitom od 1979. godine), ĹĄto je jedinstven primjer u svijetu.
Pretpostavlja se da je na podruÄju danaĹĄnjeg srediĹĄta grada joĹĄ u antici postojalo naselje Aspalathos/Spalatos (grÄ.). Podrijetlo njegova imena se izvodi od biljke brnistre (Ĺžuke, lat. Calicotome villosa) koja ovdje raste u izobilju. GrÄki naziv za nju je aspalathos (ÎąĎĎΏΝιθοĎ).U srednjovjekovnim latinskim ispravama i velikom broju dokumenata grad se naziva Spalatum, a talijanska izvedenica imena je Spalato. Hrvatsko ime grada bilo je Split, a tijekom 19. stoljeÄa u sluĹžbenim se dokumentima hiperijekaviziralo uSpljet, da bi potom opet bilo promijenjeno u danaĹĄnje ime grada.Po drugoj teoriji, koju navodi Toma ArhiÄakon ime grada je nastalo od latinske rijeÄi za Dioklecijanovu palaÄu (palatium = S-palatium).Druga zabiljeĹžena imena su: Spalatrum, Spalathron, Spalantum, Spaleta, Spalat, Spalatro.
STARI VIJEK - Iako se nastanak grada Splita povezuje s gradnjom Dioklecijanove palaÄe, 295.-305.godine, tj. u 4. stoljeÄu, arheoloĹĄki nalazi iskopani poslije 2000. godine (sakralni objekti, amfiteatar, luka na sjevernoj strani Marjana), dokazuju da je ovo podruÄje bilo naseljeno u starorimskom dobu, davno prije Dioklecijana. MoguÄe je da je tu bila i jedna od grÄkih kolonija, a zbog povoljnog zemljopisnog poloĹžaja vjerojatno i ilirsko naselje.Dioklecijan, rimski car od 284. - 305., potekao je iz skromne obitelji i originalno se zvao Diokles. Poznat je kao veliki reformator Rimskoga Carstva jer je uveo sustav zvan tetrarhija, ĹĄto je simultana vladavina Äetiri vladara. Bio je progonitelj krĹĄÄana koji se smatrao bogom. VelikapalaÄa na podruÄju danaĹĄnjega Splita sagraÄena je da u njoj provede umirovljeniÄke dane (Dioklecijan je bio jedini rimski car koji je odstupio bez prisile).Dioklecijanova palaÄa najveÄa je i najbolje saÄuvana kasnoantiÄka palaÄa na svijetu. IstoÄni i zapadni zid dugaÄki su 216 m, juĹžni 181 m, a sjeverni 175 m. U sjevernom dijelu palaÄe bila je smjeĹĄtena posluga i vojska dok su juĹžno bile same careve odaje. U upotrebi je biovodovod koji dovodi vodu s izvora rijeke Jadro, a koristi se jednim dijelom i danas. Najnovija od teorija tvrdi da Dioklecijanova palaÄa nikad nije bila samo mjesto za odmor, nego prava tvornica za preradu vune. Godine 480. u palaÄi je otrovan posljednji zakoniti car Zapadnog Rimskog carstva Julije Nepot (Äesto navoÄeni Romul Augustul 'vladao' je samo Italijom). Jedna ulica danaĹĄnjega Splita nosi njegovo ime.Danas su od kompleksa saÄuvane zidine, 4 vrata (Zlatna - Porta Aurea, Srebrna - Porta Argentea, Ĺ˝eljezna - Porta Ferrea i Mjedena - Porta Aenea), carev mauzolej (danasKatedrala sv. Dujma), kutne kule, Jupiterov hram ili Hram svih bogova, srediĹĄnji trg - Peristil, te neposredno na jug od Peristila, Vestibul.
SREDNJI VIJEK -Â ZnaÄajnije naseljavanje Dioklecijanove palaÄe zapoÄelo je vjerojatno od 7.st., u vrijeme prvih slavensko-avarskih provala. Kasnije se Split proĹĄirio i izvan zidina. Poslije doseljenja Hrvata, Split je ostao romanski grad. Dugo je bio dio takozvane Bizantske Dalmacije buduÄi da je kao i drugi gradovi na obali povremeno bio pod vlaĹĄÄu Bizanta, a povremeno pod kontrolom hrvatskih knezova i kraljeva . Split je kristijaniziran u to doba, pa je tako i carev mauzolej postao crkva. Naknadno je, u baroku za vrijeme nadbiskupa Marka Antonija de Dominisa dodan kor, a od 13.-18. st. dozidan je monumentalni zvonik, (u 19. st. temeljito obnovljen.)U 10. stoljeÄu su se u Splitu odrĹžali kljuÄni crkveni sabori, koji su odluÄili o sudbini glagoljaĹĄa, Ninske biskupije (vidi Grgur Ninski) i crkve u Hrvata.
Na poluotoÄiÄu zapadno od Gradske luke se u srednjem vijeku nalazio benediktinski samostan sv. Stipana pod borima (San Stephanus de Pinis, sub pinis[11]). Po istome je taj poluotoÄiÄ i nazvan - Sustipan. Najpoznatiji zareÄenik tog samostana je bio sin hrvatskog kralja Dmitra Zvonimira, Stjepan. OsnivaÄ tog samostana je bio splitski nadbiskup Lovre, inaÄe prijatelj kralja Zvonimira . Izvori spominju ovaj samostan prvi put 1020.[11].Od 11. stoljeÄa, bizantsku vlast u Splitu nastavljaju razliÄiti vladari (normanski, ugarski), a grad sve do XV. stoljeÄa djeluje kao samostalnakomuna, s vlastitim VijeÄem i Statutom iz 1312. godine. Statut grada Splita i Libro d`oro ili Zlatna knjiga Äine jedinstvenu cjelinu i dragocjeno su vrelo za upoznavanje pravno-politiÄkog i uopÄe druĹĄtvenog Ĺživota grada od 13. stoljeÄa do propasti MletaÄke Republike 1797. godine. Prvi statut nazvan Capitularium iz 1240. godine nije se saÄuvao. Sastavljen je za prvog potestata Gargana de Arscindisa, koji je pozvan iz Ankone za gradonaÄelnika po ideji Tome ArhiÄakona. Novu kodifikaciju splitskog prava naÄinio je Perceval, sin Ivana, iz Ferma, takoÄer iz talijanske regije Marche 1312. godine i pisan je kako je tada bilo uobiÄajeno u Europi, latinskim jezikom. Postoje razni prijepisi.Â
NOVI VIJEK -Â Od 15. stoljeÄa do pada Mletaka 1797., cijela je Dalmacija (s izuzetkom DubrovaÄke Republike) bila pod mletaÄkom vlaĹĄÄu. Za vrijeme turskih osvajanja, dijelom splitskog zaleÄa zavladali su Osmanlije pa se Split poÄeo razvijati kao grad na granici i kao uvozno-izvozna luka. Grad je i ranije bio kulturno srediĹĄte u kojem je djelovao jedan od prvih i najboljih hrvatskih knjiĹževnika, pisac Marko MaruliÄ, autor poznatog epa Judita.Od 1805. do 1813. Splitom je, kao i cijelom Dalmacijom, vladala napoleonska Francuska. Uspomena na kratkotrajnu vlast Francuza u Splitu je prva suvremena ulica, danas Marmontova, nazvana po francuskom marĹĄalu Augustu Marmontu i marjanski vrh Telegrin. Po Napoleonovom porazu, Dalmacija je pripala habsburĹĄkoj Austriji.Splitska riva u 19. stoljeÄuSplitska riva 2007. godineKip Grgura Ninskog u SplituNakon austro-ugarske nagodbe i stvaranja dvojne monarhije, Split je pripao austrijskom dijelu Monarhije kao dio Kraljevine Dalmacije. Split je bio jedno od ĹžariĹĄta borbe pro-talijanskih (u poÄetku ne pro-talijanskih) autonomaĹĄa i narodnika koji su se zalagali za ÄvrĹĄÄe veze s ostatkom Hrvatske.
Dne 28. listopada 1882. narodnici pod vodstvom Gaja Bulata su preuzeli vlast u splitskoj gradskoj opÄini. Prvi narodniÄki gradonaÄelnik Splita bio je Dujam RendiÄ-MioÄeviÄ.Ipak, do kraja prvog svjetskog rata Dalmacija nije ujedinjena s ostatkom Hrvatske. UnatoÄ velikom luÄkom prometu, izgradnja poveznice s kontinentalnom ĹželjezniÄkom mreĹžom zapoÄela je tek 1912. (i upitno je je li iĹĄlo prema Zagrebu ili prema Livnu i Banjoj Luci), ali je prekinuta zbog izbijanja prvog svjetskog rata. Pretpostavlja se da je u tom razdoblju nacionalnog buÄenja nastala hrvatska domobljubna pjesma Marjane, Marjane, koja pjeva odu hrvatstvu simboliziranog kroz hrvatsku zastavu na vrhu Marjana. Simbolika tog vrha kao simbola hrvatstva zadrĹžala se do danas i predstavljala je prkos nenarodnim reĹžimima. S time je u svezi demonstrativni Äin u Splitu od 10. travnja 1947. kad je skupina hrvatskih domoljuba Älanova Hrvatskog oslobodilaÄkog pokreta (Frane Bettini, Ivica BavÄeviÄ, Nikola Pensa, Jelka Betica, Vlado Zelinak, Borica JoniÄ, RuĹža AniÄ, Katica Ĺ aniÄ, Jakov Kirigin, Tomislav Karaman, Vjekoslav MatijeviÄ i Frane Tente)Â skinula zastavu s crvenom zvijezdom i izvjesila na vrhu Marjana 18 metarski hrvatski barjak.Po svrĹĄetku prvog svjetskog rata Dalmacija ulazi u novostvorenu drĹžavu (Kraljevina Srba, Hrvata i Slovenaca), koja kasnije postajeJugoslavija). Grad od tada dijeli sudbinu Hrvatske i Hrvata u njoj.
Split is the largest city in Dalmatia, the second largest city in Croatia, according to the last census, conducted in 2011, Split has 178 192 inhabitants, is the second largest Croatian port and third port on the Mediterranean by the number of passengers. It is the administrative center of Split-Dalmatia County, and he gravitates to the most southern areas of three Croatian counties (formerly the Association of Municipalities of Split), and part of Herzegovina and Bosnia. In the port of Lora on the north side of the peninsula is the seat of the Croatian Navy. The city center is the old Diocletian's palace from the 4th century (under UNESCO protection since 1979.), which is unique in the world.
It is believed that the area of ââtoday's city center in ancient times there was a settlement Aspalathos / Spalatos (Gr.). The origin of its name is derived from the plant broom (Ĺžuke, lat. Calicotome villosa) which here grows in abundance. Greek name for it is Aspalathos (ÎąĎĎΏΝιθοĎ) .In medieval Latin documents and a large number of documents the city is called Spalatum, and Italian names is a derivative of Split. The Croatian name of the city was split, and during the 19th century in the official documents hiperijekaviziralo uSpljet, but then again was changed to its present name grada.Po another theory, which states Tom Archdeacon city name is derived from the Latin word for Diocletian's palace (palatium = S-palatium) Another recorded names are: Spalatrum, Spalathron, Spalantum, burn, Spalat, Spalatro.
OLD AGES -Â Although the emergence of the city of Split associated with the construction of Diocletian's Palace, year 295 and 305, ie. In the 4th century, archaeological finds excavated after 2000 (religious buildings, an amphitheater, a port on the north side of Marjan), proving that this area was inhabited in ancient Roman times, long before Diocletian. It is possible that this was one of the Greek colonies, and because of its favorable geographical position and probably Illyrian naselje.Dioklecijan, Roman Emperor from 284th to 305th, came from a modest family and his original name was Diokles. He is known as a great reformer of the Roman Empire because he introduced a system called tetrarchy, the simultaneous government of four rulers. He was a persecutor of Christians who believed God. VelikapalaÄa in the area of ââtoday's Split was built in order to spend his retirement days (Diocletian was the only Roman emperor who willfully abdicated) .Dioklecijanova Palace is the largest and best preserved late antique palace in the world. The east and west walls are 216 m long, 181 m south and north 175 m. In the northern part of the palace housed the servants and the army while the south were themselves the kings quarters. In use the biovodovod that brings water from the river Jadro, used in part today. The latest theory is that of Diocletian was never just a place to rest, but a veritable factory for processing wool. In 480 the palace was poisoned last legitimate Western Roman Emperor Julius Nepos (often cited Romulus Augustus 'ruled' only Italy). One street today bears his split ime.Danas are preserved walls of the complex, 4-door (Gold - Porta Aurea, Silver - Porta Argentea, Iron - Porta Ferrea and Brass - Porta Aenea), the emperor's mausoleum (danasKatedrala St. Duje), corner towers , Temple of Jupiter, or the temple of all the gods, central square - the Peristyle, and immediately south of the Peristyle, vestibule.
MIDDLE AGES -Â Significant settling Diocletian's Palace started probably from the 7th century, at the time of the first Slavic and Avar invasions. Later, Split expanded outside the walls. After the arrival of the Croats, Split remained Romanesque castle. It has long been part of the so-called Byzantine Dalmatia as it is as the other cities on the coast at times was under Byzantine rule, and sometimes controlled by Croatian princes and kings. Split is Christianized in that time, and so the emperor's mausoleum became a church. Subsequently, in the Baroque period to the time of Archbishop Marcus Antonius de Dominis added choir, and from 13th to 18th c. addition, a monumental tower, (in the 19th century. thoroughly renovated.) In the 10th century were held in Split key church councils, who decided the fate of the Glagolitic, of Nin (see Gregory of Nin) and the Church in Croatia.
On the peninsula west of the port city in the Middle Ages there was a Benedictine monastery of St. Stephen sub-committees (San Stephanus de Pinis, sub Pinis [11]). After this same peninsula and named - Sustipan. The most famous zareÄenik this monastery was the son of Croatian King Dmitar Zvonimir, Stephen. The founder of this monastery was the Archbishop of Split, Lawrence, a friend of King Zvonimir. Sources mention this monastery for the first time 1020. [11] .From the 11th century, the Byzantine rule in Split continued by different rulers (Norman, Hungary), a city to the XV. century acts as samostalnakomuna, with its own Council and Statute from 1312. The Statute of the City of Split and Libro d`oro or Golden Book constitute a whole and a precious source for exploring the legal, political and even social life of the city since the 13th century until the fall of the Venetian Republic in 1797. The first statute called Capitularium from 1240 has not been preserved. It is composed of the first potestatem Gargano de Arscindis, who was invited from Ancona mayoral idea by Tom Archdeacon. The new codification of Split law made by Perceval, Ivana son, from Ferma, also from the Italian region of Marche in 1312 and was written as it was common in Europe, in Latin. There are various copies.
NEW AGES -Â From the 15th century until the fall of Venice in 1797, the entire Dalmatia (with the exception of the Dubrovnik Republic) was under Venetian rule. During the Turkish conquest, part of the Split hinterland ruled by the Ottomans, the split began to develop as a city on the border and as an import-export port. The city had already been a cultural center which is operated one of the first and the best Croatian writers, writer Marko MaruliÄ, the author of the famous epic Judita.Od 1805th to 1813th Split, like the whole of Dalmatia, ruled by Napoleonic France. The memory of the short French rule in Split's first modern street, today Marmont, named after the French marshal Auguste Marmont and Marjanski top Telegrin. After Napoleon's defeat, Dalmatia went to Habsburg Austriji.Splitska waterfront in the 19th stoljeÄuSplitska waterfront 2007 godineKip Gregory of Nin in SplituNakon Austro-Hungarian agreement and the creation of the dual monarchy, Split belonged to the Austrian part of the monarchy as part of the Kingdom of Dalmatia. Split was one of the hotbeds of fighting pro-Italian (initially not pro-Italian) autonomists and narodnik who were in favor of closer ties with the rest of Croatian.
On 28 October 1882 narodnici led Gaja Bulat took over the city of Split municipality. First narodniÄki mayor of Split was Dujam RendiÄ-MioÄeviÄ.Ipak, by the end of the First World War Dalmatia is not united with the rest of Croatian. Despite the large port traffic, building links with the continental railway network began only in 1912 (and it is questionable whether went to Zagreb or to Livno and Banja Luka), but was interrupted by the outbreak of the First World War. It is assumed that in this period of national awakening emerged Croatian domobljubna song Marjane, Marjane, who sings go Croatianism symbolized the national flag on the top of Marjan. The symbolism of this summit as a symbol Croatianhood kept up to date and was a defiance of anti-people regimes. The time is related demonstrative act in Split of 10 April 1947 when a group of Croatian patriots members of the Croatian Liberation Movement (Francis Bettini, Ivica BavÄeviÄ, Nikola Pensa, Spruce Betica, the Government Zelinak, Borica JoniÄ, Rose Anic, Katica Ĺ aniÄ, Jacob Kirigin, Tomislav Karaman, Vjekoslav Matijevic and Francis Tent) off the flag with the red star and hung on top of Marjan 18 meter Croatian barjak.Po the end of World war Dalmatia into the newly created (Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes), which later postajeJugoslavija). The city has since shared the fate of Croatian and Croats in it.
