Feminine Rebellion In ASOIAF
One of the things I love most about ASOIAF is how carefully crafted each of the female main characters are. GRRM has taken so much time to create meaningful characters that arenât stereotypical, sexist, or caricatured. Though each female character is unique and shows a different perspective of what itâs like to live in such an incredibly patriarchal society, I think the three I find most interesting are Sansa, Arya, and Cersei. Â Each of them shows one of the three main ways a woman can react to the expectations a patriarchal society places on them. Â Sansa reacts by fully embracing societyâs expectations of her, Arya reacts by rejecting the expectations sheâs not naturally suited for and pursuing other skills, and Cersei reacts by becoming embittered towards everybody, but especially other women she views as not fighting hard enough for her idea of womenâs equality in Westeros. Â In their own way each of these points of views is fighting against the sexist society theyâre living in (some in a much healthier way than others). Â Itâs fascinating what can be learned from the perspective of each of these three women, and I love that GRRM gave us these contrasting characters. Â I think understanding how each of them relates to the societal expectations around them is crucial to understanding them fully as characters, so itâs worthwhile to break down each of these reactions to patriarchal society:
Of all the female perspectives in ASOIAF, Sansaâs rebellion against her circumstances is often the most subtle, but it is effective and important nonetheless. Â Though Sansa has mostly catered to the Westerosi male standard of what a woman âshould beâ (she excels at activities like needlework, is polite to a fault, and constantly thinks about the duties of a Lady) she still uses these attributes to help those around her and put herself in a better social position. Â Despite being ridiculed endlessly by the likes of Cersei, Joffrey, and the Hound for her kindness and pleasantries, she still never gives up on her ideal of what a true Lady should be. Â Instead of allowing her situation to make her bitter and resentful, she stays resiliently gentle throughout her whole arch, even when sheâs in the throes of depression. Just because her rebellions against society are gentle doesnât make them any less worthwhile. Â Each time she refuses to play the part thatâs expected of her, even when itâs subtle, ends up leading to a defining character moment or to an improvement in her circumstance â for instance, the Hound expects her to play the role of scared little girl, but instead she remains polite and caring just as a lady should, choosing to comfort him instead of shy away from him, which leads to him protecting her later. Â This type of scenario happens over and over again â her decision to show no outer signs of distress while Joffrey torments her so as not to allow him the satisfaction, her choosing to de-stress the guests in Maegorâs Holdfast during Blackwater when Cersei expects her to beg for her life. Â Westerosâs patriarchal society has forced roles upon Sansa, expecting her to be weak because of them, but instead she takes every opportunity to prove that courtesy, kindness, and goodness are strengths that shouldnât be underestimated. Â It should also be noted that Sansaâs strength can be seen in more obvious rebellions, like her actually physically fighting against her marriage to Tyrion:
âSansa tried to run, but Cerseiâs handmaid caught her before sheâd gone a yard. Ser Meryn Trant gave her a look that made her cringe, but Kettleblack touched her almost gently and said, âDo as youâre told, sweetling, it wonât be so bad. Wolves are supposed to be brave, arenât they?â
Brave. Sansa took a deep breath. I am a Stark, yes, I can be brave.â
-Â Sansa III, A Storm of Swords
Though some people view Arya as a simple tomboy, her character is actually much more complex than that. Â Arya is naturally considerably less suited for Westerosâs idea of what a highborn lady should be, but that doesnât mean she doesnât wish she was suited for life as a lady:
âAryaâs stitches were crooked again. Â She frowned down at them with dismay and glanced over to where her sister Sansa sat among the other girls. Sansaâs needlework was exquisite. Everyone said so.â
-Â Arya I, A Game of Thrones
She is upset by the fact that she isnât as capable of lady-like activities as Sansa is, and that constant feeling of inadequacy is mostly whatâs driven her to pursuing other interests like swordplay. Â But rather than wallow in her feelings of inadequacy, she embraces the talents sheâs better suited for. Â One of my favorite things about her character is that she never lingers too long on the conflict of her refusal to meet societyâs expectations. Â Instead of worrying about her identity as a female in a patriarchal society, she just digs deeper into her identity as a âwolfâ:
âArya was a trial, it must be said. Half a boy and half a wolf pup. Forbid her anything and it became her heartâs desire.â
-Â Catelyn VII, A Clash of Kings
âYes, Arya thought. Yes, itâs you who ought to run, you and Lord Tywin and the Mountain and Ser Addam and Ser Amory and stupid Ser Lyonel whoever he is, all of you better run or my brother will kill you, heâs a Stark, heâs more wolf than man, and so am I.â
-Â Arya VIII, A Clash of Kings
Though Arya takes every chance she can get to rebel against the expectations Westeros has for women, itâs never a conscious decision she decided to make â itâs just her nature:
ââYou look different now. Like a proper little girl.â
âI look like an oak tree, with all these stupid acorns.ââ
-Â Arya IV, A Storm of Swords
Arya misses a lot about her life at Winterfell, but the fineries of highborn life arenât one of them. Despite the fact that sheâs slowly turning into a total badass, GRRM has still managed to make sure her character has a subtle feminism thatâs never too on the nose. Â Sheâs a strong woman, who can take of herself, but itâs never overly emphasized, and itâs never the only dimension her character has. Â All of her development into a warrior of sorts is always tied to her inner struggle about what it means to be a Stark:
ââThe wolf blood.â Arya remembered now. âIâll be as strong as Robb. I said I would.â She took a deep breath, then lifted the broomstick in both hands and brought it down across her knee. It broke with a loud crack, and she threw the pieces aside. I am a direwolf, and done with wooden teeth.â
- Arya X, A Clash of Kings
Of these three characters, Cerseiâs method of coping with patriarchal expectations is by far the most maladaptive. Â While Arya acknowledges that sheâs very different from most women in Westeros, she still loves to befriend them and bares them no ill will. Â Cersei, on the other hand, views herself as superior above all women because of her awareness of the expectations and men that are holding her back. Her resentment against patriarchy has actually led her to contribute to the problem by being horribly prejudiced against the majority of women who she views as unintelligent and weak. Â Some of the best examples of Cerseiâs prejudice against women is her unnecessary hostility towards Sansa and Margaery:
âDontos chuckled. âMy Jonquilâs a clever girl, isnât she?â
âJoffrey and his mother say Iâm stupid.ââ
-Â Sansa IV, A Clash of Kings
âThe king studied her a moment. âPerhaps youâre not so stupid as Mother says.â"
-Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Sansa I, A Clash of Kings
âIf Margaery Tyrell thinks to cheat me of my hour in the sun, she had bloody well think again.â
- Cersei  V, A Feast For Crows
Though a lot of her hostility can be explained by her fear of the YMBQ, it still has a lot to do with her bitterness towards women. Â Instead of viewing other women as her comrades in a fight for equality, she prefers to see herself as a pseudo-man, and uses that position to further oppress other women. Â Though Cersei views herself as the only woman in Westeros whoâs truly fighting the patriarchy, sheâs actually contributing to the system that holds women back.
I love the contrast between these three. Â Each of their actions makes total sense when considering their back stories and past traumas. Â Though some view Sansa as weak, Arya as approaching sociopathy, and Cersei as a one note villain, GRRM has actually crafted them to be multi-dimensional characters that avoid tropes, while staying morally grey and intriguing.