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@organichemistry101
The glorious dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. Green (GFP) stains astrocytes. Red (mcherry) stains double cortin, proteins present in immature neurons. Blue (DAPI) stains cell bodies.
I wish I had more time to explain how this is taken, how the brains were stained, but like... enjoy this as art. It’s freakin’ dope.
It’s been a freakin’ hot minute hasn’t it? I graduated. Bachelor’s of Science in Biology with a neurobiology concentration. Minor in psychology. Currently applying to graduate school programs in pharmacology and neuroscience. Leaving my home state to escape to Washington, Oregon, Colorado, California, or Maryland. Researching in a neural stem cell biology lab until I (hopefully) get in to grad school. Anyways, I’ll just post some old notes that might help y’all out or some pictures from research.
Here are photos of titration problems. I include examples of monoprotic/polyprotic acids under different amounts of acid/base. For general chemistry II, students struggle to solve for the pH of “weak” polyprotic acids titrated by a strong base. I work the first three parts of a sample problem. Students are taught the “ice table” method but it’s too complex once the polyprotic acid reaches the equivalence point. You need to dive into the concepts. Work with what you know. How is equivalence point defined? Moles of acid = moles of base. So in the Henderson-hasselbach equation (did I spell that right lol?) the pka of the weak acid only matters. The log component is equal to zero because the log of 1 is 0. For multiple deprotonations, the average of the pkas gives you a point in the middle.
I had my biochemistry final today :.D last final of the semester! One more semester left... WHAT AM I DOING WITH MY LIFE? Oh well, 3 weeks off to figure it out. If any of you guys need help in general chemistry I or II (acid/base chemistry, titrations, buffers, electrochemistry), genetics, organic chemistry I or II, and biochemistry I have time off to help out! My inbox is EMPTY. Perhaps it's because it's scary WHEN I USE ALL CAPS. I swear ITS BECAUSE IM JUST EXCITED ALL. THE. TIME. LET'S GET SpOoooOOooPy. spooky / spoopy IN DECEMBER HECK YEAS.
I think a big part of what makes procrastination so common is that we underestimate how hard it is to “just get out your books and study.”
I always see tips for not procrastinating, and maybe they are really helpful to people with good self-discipline but I read them and feel worse about myself bc for some reason I had a preconceived idea that I just couldn’t do those things…maybe seeing all those tips and tricks made me believe that studying was an easy task, only suitable for people with the newest stationery, most aesthetic study spaces or prettiest notebooks.
I thought studying was just something i couldn’t do well, like my brain wasn’t built for that. I felt like I was destined to always procrastinate and be a failure.
A big part of getting over procrastination was realizing that studying is one of the most difficult things to do as a student. for procrastinators, it takes a huge amount of effort to stop scrolling through social media and get out books. personally there is a huge fear and anxiety associated with “studying” and it makes my stomach churn and heart race just thinking about it. to get out from the safe space of distractions to facing our fears is immensely difficult.
if you want to study, it takes a LOT of effort to turn off your phone, get out your books & pens and do questions that make you feel dread and anxiety and inadequacy.
it takes a great deal of effort to confront the habitual thoughts in your brain that say “you’re stupid” or “what’s the point” or “this is too hard” or “i’ll never understand this” or “this essay will never be perfect so why even try.”
it’s immensely difficult to fight your inner perfectionism, denial, avoidance, making excuses, or feelings of inadequacy as they are deeply ingrained defense mechanisms all created to avoid studying.
for some people like me these voices are even louder because they’ve procrastinated so much that there’s an overwhelmingly huge pile of studying they need to catch up on.
People regard studying as some sort of common thing that “anyone knows how to do.” but it’s actually a difficult skill that needs to be learned and practiced, like learning a musical instrument. you wouldn’t give up on that if you weren’t good after 2 days, why feel the same about studying?
but like any difficult task it is 100% possible and it will be worth it, you might even enjoy studying after a while. I promise that it will be freaking uncomfortable and stressful and terrifying at first to face your fear of studying. you might feel sick and every inch of you wants to procrastinate. But try to force yourself to study on a routine for maybe 3 weeks and it will get easier I promise. I’m trying to do that right now and you should too, I believe in you.
it took me 3 years to really get over the fear of studying, but i did it and ended up being so, so proud of myself for overcoming it. this is a great message that i wish i heard a long time ago.
Oh Grignard, the Beautiful
(sung to the tune of “America the Beautiful”)
The carbonyl is polarized The carbon end is plus A nucleophile will thus attack The carbon nucleus A Grignard yields an alcohol Of types there are but three It forms a bond to correspond From C to shining C. A secondary’s synthesis Requires an aldehyde For tertiary, a carbanion And ketone may collide And Grignards add formaldehyde The product’s primary They stick like glue to CO2 Join C to lonely C.
on my gravestone. Put this on my gravestone and strap the acoustics for the melody on a tape recorder with a solar powered battery so it NEVER ends. Brilliant.
Biochemistry Lab notes for the second half of the semester! I just finished the final and my brain is.... my brain is not. There is nothing left. How am I typing this. Who am I? Who are YOU PEOPLE AHHHHHHH I know who you are. Smole beans. A bowl of smol beans. Beans lovin' beans. #swag
HEY FAM WHADDUP.
Last time you “heard” from me (lol because you can’t hear me but colloquialism) was around the time of he solar eclipse (honestly not an exaggeration). SO ANYWAYS, here are some biochemistry notes on glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, oxidative phosphorylation, citric acid cycle, and then some!
I’m graduating next semester and IM GONNA LOSE MY SH*T. I started working as a tutor, researching, and got a leadership position in a club. OH YEA, and I moved out HAHA. All of that within one semester. I am so ridiculously stressed. I don’t know how I’m still alive, OH WAIT, it’s because my mom has been helping me out and friends. Just YAS. Tutoring has been the greatest thing to happen to me. I have gained so many acquaintances. And I say that right after I said friends because I don’t use the “f” word that often (NOT THE BAD F WORD). As in, when I tutor, all the students/ my peers open up to me. I guess it’s because I have some gnarly self deprecating jokes. But anyways, mental health is so important. This is helping me come to terms with the idea of being a clinical psychologist. A clinical neuropsychologist.
Thanks for even getting to this point of that paragraph. You amazin’ darlin’.
@jafeti asks: “Hey men…. How do you work on thermodynamics…. This unit has been a hard nut to me”
I freakin’ dig “has been a hard nut to me.” I am now going to call my friends that when they’re being sassy.
Anyways, let’s tackle thermodynamics in the context of general chemistry / organic chemistry. Thermodynamics. “Thermo” refers to heat and “dynamics” evokes some type of motion.
The first law of thermodynamics: the total energy in the universe is conserved (constant). The second law: for any spontaneous process, the change in entropy of the universe is greater than 0 ( ΔS>0). The third law: entropy of any substance at 0 Kelvin is 0.
This link goes more in depth:http://chemed.chem.purdue.edu/genchem/topicreview/bp/ch21/chemical.php
The heat of a reaction determines whether a reaction is exothermic vs endothermic. Delta H° reaction = Delta H° of products - Delta H° of reactants In kJ/mol. If this number is positive, then the reaction is endothermic. That means a lot of energy needs to be put in for the reaction to meet enough energy to go through it's transition state and form products. The products are at a higher energy level than the reactants. Therefore the products are less stable than the reactants.
The attached image shows this difference between exothermic and endothermic reactions.
Entropy (S): stands for the delocalization of particles. Gas has more entropy than liquids and solids. This is due to the interactions between the molecules / formula units. Imagine a gas, a liquid, and a solid in a container. The gas fills it completely, the liquid takes its shape, and the solid retains it shape. The gas has the most chaos, it can rapidly move and spread as particles collide.
Thermodynamics can be seen in terms of Gibbs free energy. Gibbs free energy (delta G) determines the determines spontaneity of the reaction. A negative value corresponds to a spontaneous reaction, and a positive value corresponds to a non spontaneous reaction.
For organic chemistry, when we refer to thermodynamics, we are talking about the stability of the product. When we talk about kinetics we refer to the rate of reaction which is dependent upon the transition state and that activation energy required to get passed that barrier. This spontaneity links with the stability of a product. Which reaction is more desirable? A reaction where the products are lower in energy than the reactants, or a reaction where the end materials are greater in energy than the starting material? Which one would occur more ‘naturally’?
In biochemistry we learn more about enzymes that facilitate reactions to lower this barrier to speed up reactions. These enzymes act as catalysts.
I know I said a bunch of stuff, but I'm just trying to give you some bits and pieces so you can start connecting the dots!
Thanks for your question.
<p>It’s been FOREVER since I’ve posted anything! So here’s a little taste of a class I took over the summer. Neuropsychopharmacology. What a mouthful. AN AMAZING MOUTHFUL. This class is literally my favorite class I have ever taken, it even beats organic chemistry, so bruh it’s great. While focusing on the neuroanatomy, chemical messengers and drugs, this class really helped me realize what you put in your body can alter the structure and function of your brain. </p> <p>This class had quite a bit of memorization with drug names, but a lot of the chemical structures and enzymes (learning the precursors of neurotransmitter) were easy to understand from organic chemistry. Most of the G-coupled protein pathways brought back memories of AP bio back in high school. </p> <p>This class further solidified the idea that it’s okay to take medication to replace NTs you lack. Those basic/minuscule molecules affect everything about you. How you grow and develop/ decision making/ memory/ emotions… everything. I also learned how more individuals die each year from the lack of medical care and drunk driving (both directly and indirectly) than those drugs the government called “war” over. What if halfway houses were still in society today? What if instead of throwing someone who is homeless with a mental illness into prison, we actually help them? I guess money could be an excuse, but this statement my professor stressed still resonates with me today: our society is a reflection of those who are marginalized. How we treat these individuals determines the quality of our civilization. </p> <p>Bruh, deep. I can honestly say I’ve forgotten 75% of the information I memorized. But I retained 100% of the information I learned and understood. I can apply that knowledge in future classes, and so far, Advanced Physiology has been a repeat of this course! </p> <p>Also, here are some sample questions from exams! These little puzzles WERE THE BOMB DOT COM.
June 10 2017
Yesterday I scribed for my ochem TA, so here are those notes! We’re finishing off the quarter with synthesis reactions (honestly I am so scared they are so hard) and we have to memorize like, 30 different reactions. I. am. scared.
I just finished my 12 page term paper for my writing class and last night I finished studying for my life science class, all that’s left is to study chem lab and trrrryyyy to understand what the heck is synthesis in ochem!!!!
Ellee
(From The Twitter-verse)
Exothermic reactions bruh.
exo = release; thermic= heat. If you were given a free energy diagram, would the products be above or below the reactants according to energy? Think about stability...
OHHHH I MADE A QUESTION FOR YOU GUYS. INTERACTING WITH FOLLOWERS? GIMME A WHOLE BUCKET OF THAT. AND A SIDE OF mutual respect. Delish.
Hello beautiful, handsome, majestic beans! This is an example of a three point cross problem. This method worked out for me. I really try to be clear with my wording (not necessarily my penmanship haha), but if it's confusing, comment or message me! This is one important math component in any genetics course. My professor would include two of these problems on every test. Side note: let me know what type of content you want to see! I can ATTEMPT to elaborate on any specific topic in organic chemistry / cell biology / genetics / general chemistry / biology! My goal is to make an NMR / IR cheat sheet some time!
Some helpful genetics notes! I got a job tutoring students at my university and one of my peers asked a question of this material. It’s helpful to know common trends in pedigrees in order to determine the genotype / phenotype of an unknown individual or if you want to find what trait the pedigree displays.
I HAVE BEEN SO INACTIVE BECAUSE RESEARCH / CLASSES / WORK and idk how I’m even awake rn. I miss summer when it was actually summer. Late nights reading novels not required by English classes. Going somewhere every weekend with friends. Having dreams actual dreams at night rather than passing out and waking up without recollection of sleeping at all. Bruh, can we not?
(Side note: pedigrees do not show the multitude of genders that actually exist. This is for educational purposes, I have no intention of offending anyone. We are all smol and tol beans :D ).
I'm looking back through my notes, finally putting everything away. No more organic chemistry :( how sad it makes me knowing that I won't have the same professor in the same lecture hall with the same book makes me question if I really do want to go for a PhD in clinical psych. Should I study pharmacology? Heck, why not try an MD/ PhD program?(LOL JK I think I'd pass out). I think I just need to expose myself to some research in cognitive neuroscience first before I call it quits. I am so used to all the biologies and chemistries that I need more knowledge in psychology to finally know if I'm cut out to research in that field. I find myself comfortable with things I know, and that restricts me into thinking I won't be good at anything else even if I haven't tried it. Reach outside of your comfort zone.
And this is where I leave you: if you do not know what you want to do in your life, that's ok. All that matters is that you are taking every possible step you can to find out where you want to be. If you're hesitating or scared of rejection, it takes just a few seconds of courage to press send on that email, to call that Doctor you want to shadow, to message that professor you want to research with. It doesn't hurt to try as long as you are respectful and include all pertinent information. Just try. If you don't personally know any doctors / the professor, look them up in your area. The interwebs are handy with finding professionals in your area bruh. Call them and let them know who you are and why you're calling them and why you so passionately want to work with them.
But anyways, enjoy more small handwriting! To study for ochem, I would do as many practice problems as possible! Also, I'd write helpful notes at the top! If any of you are taking organic chemistry in the summer: 1- WHY 2- WHY 3- I understand, u can do it buddy 4- LET ME KNOW IF I CAN HELP YOU! AHHHHH
For my organic chemistry II final, we have an ACS test. I recommend renting the review guide or finding a PDF version and practicing those problems. At each section write helpful notes. Those general ideas for how you should rank acids, or what reaction follows “anti-” Markovnikov addition, or whether the reaction is concerted. For me, writing stuff out, visualizing it, and saying it aloud will help me remember it. Try to go through the whole packet. There are only 70 questions on the exam, but each question can combine more than one principle from different chapters.
If you need study motivation, maybe this can help you. This is what I personally do, so it may not be best for you, but try it out:
-listen to music with a good beat, something catchy that you can listen to over and over again to give you a rhythm; i usually bob my head to the drums or bass and really focus -OR use noise cancelling earphones or earplugs and concentrate on one question at a time if you really need to critically think -OR ask a small group of friends to be around you and study with you; if they are more prepared ask them to teach you some concepts; if you are more prepared ask if you can teach the material to them because this is the final test to see if you really know your stuff -OR walk around and write on a white board; adding movement creates another dimension to studying, a specific arm motion or the movement of your writing can help you recall information
-pace yourself -take breaks when YOU need to; I have a problem taking frequent breaks because it takes me awhile to focus again, so I need to sit for a few hours straight -go run, walk, jumprope, stretch to get the blood flowing if you feel like you can’t sit anymore -try to sleep well so spread your studying over a few days
You can do it. Stay motivated. Why are you studying in the first place? Don’t try to just please people (unless that motivation honestly brings you personal happiness). Find out why you study, why you try to achieve an A or just want to pass. Give your motivation a name. Be proud of yourself, be proud of others when they succeed and reach their own personal best / potential. Just don’t give up. It will all be worth it in the end. I may not know you, but I believe in you. I’m rooting for you. I know you can succeed, you just have to try. It’s all going to be worth it in the end.
(I hope I didn’t sound so demanding or controlling D: I just really have faith in you).
Some parts of my last, THAT’S RIGHT, my last EVER organic chemistry II exam! The final problem was that NMR and “roadmap” as my professor likes to call it. Those questions usually take me 20 minutes to answer, but right when I saw that beautiful NMR, I KNEW… I was screwed. JK, I KNEW exactly what it had to be based off of context clues! A Heck reaction occurred to form the molecule given as the NMR. So those hydrogens that were associated with an alkene did not PHASE ME.
Gosh I usually write some long explanation for these things, but I’m just so proud of myself. I’m happy because I actually understand the material. Ochem has been 60 % learning and 40% memorizing. Not 100% memorizing and that’s the beauty of what I’m feeling right now. My friends and peers want to get into medical school and are struggling with just learning to pass one exam, the MCAT. I’m trying to get into graduate school and I find myself not so stressed out with deadlines, but enjoying myself and the learning process.
If you guys need any clarification with these questions, let me know! I had my final today for organic chemistry II and I’m wishing I signed up for advanced organic chemistry, but then I smacked myself in the face and remembered I’m taking biochemistry next semester. Hahaha I’m terrified and excited. Terrified of those late nights and trying to balance my health, friendships, extra curriculars. Excited because I’m one step closer to doing what I am so passionate about which is… SCROLLING THROUGH TUMBLR AT 4 AM. Jk, helping people as clinical neuropsychologist going the neurobiology route in undergrad. Swag my fellow followers, swag.
I’m gonna give you guys some advice: help as many people as you can when you’re young; when you're older, the world has worn you down and you become less open. So do as much as you can now, knowing your limits, because you might not be able to later. That’s why I’m here. To give advice, to help you ace a science course, to make u laugh with some DANK MEMES BRUH.
#my aesthetic #art 10/10 RECOMMEND USING DRY ERASE BOARDS.
