What is Radical Acceptance / Reality Acknowledgement
Radical Acceptance / Reality Acknowledgement is a Distress Tolerance Skill in DBT.
I’ve had bad experiences with how Radical Acceptance is taught and how it can be a really harmful concept if it’s not taught properly (my previous post on How to Practice Reality Acknowledgement went into some of those reasons). I’m not going to pretend that I can teach Radical Acceptance any better, but I do hope that by explaining my personal understanding of the concept that I developed so I could apply the basic concept to my life regardless of how poorly it was presented to me will help some of you in some way, and I’ll include my personal understanding alongside the way it’s presented in the Skills Training Manual for DBT.
It’s important to note that Radical Acceptance (despite the positive connotation of “acceptance”) is not encouraging you to condone or approve of the things in your life that are causing you pain, nor is it saying that the pain this thing is causing you is okay.
What Radical Acceptance really is, is acknowledging reality instead of fighting reality (with denial, with procrastination, with many things really). This is why I prefer to call it Reality Acknowledgement because it doesn’t have any of those positive connotations that make it difficult for people to accept the premise of this concept/skill. Reality Acknowledgement along with a concept of a more positive perspective of Radical Acceptance, can help you come to terms with many things, such as painful events, painful emotions, and painful thoughts that display hatred towards yourself.
It’s a skill that you use when you cannot stop painful events and painful emotions and painful thoughts from coming your way. Having BPD makes us much more sensitive to painful things like this, our disorder makes us feel the pain more intensely, and the intensity of our feelings can lead us to want to push all this pain away and deny it because we can’t handle it. Some of us may try to deny the effects that having BPD can have on us, and some people have a very hard time accepting the reality that BPD is something most of us will struggle with for a very long time and that few of us will ever be able to feel comfortable or ready to call ourselves a “recovered borderline.”
This is why it’s especially important learn to apply Radical Acceptance / Reality Acknowledgement to things you cannot accept about yourself, as well.
So what IS Radical Acceptance / Reality Acknowledgement?
Radical means all the way, complete and total
It is accepting / acknowledging in your mind, your heart, your body, and your soul
It is when you stop fighting or denying reality, and stop becoming overwhelmed and hurt and upset when reality is not the way you want it to be or what it should be in your eyes (though it’s important to note you are allowed to be hurt by hurtful things and to be upset by upsetting things, don’t invalidate your emotions when practicing this skill)
“Acceptance” does not mean approval of the things that are hurting you or condoning these painful things as okay or right
It also means acknowledging the facts of situations or things that we cannot change or fix
And ultimately through Radical Acceptance / Reality Acknowledgement you can come to terms with painful things and “free yourself” from the burden of bitterness and (emotional) pain that causes suffering. However, in some cases suffering is not something you can free yourself from, but you can Radically Accept that your suffering is valid
Radical Acceptance / Reality Acknowledgement is a very important skill to learn in DBT while on a journey of recovery because the way I understand it, it can be incredibly validating and help you come to terms with painful things in your past and present.
What Has to be Accepted / Acknowledged:
Reality as it is. The facts about the past and the present are the facts, even if you don’t like them or approve of them or think they were fair. This also means accepting / acknowledging the parts of your past or present that you want to deny ever happened. Denial of reality (fighting reality) will only make healing from these painful parts of your past or present even harder.
There are limitations on the future for everyone, though these limitations for people with BPD and other mental illnesses are often greater than they are for non-borderline individuals and neurotypical individuals. However, only realistic limitations need to be accepted / acknowledged.
Everything has a cause, including events and situations that cause you pain and suffering. These causes don’t excuse the pain an event or a person has caused you, but you have to accept / acknowledge that all things don’t just happen randomly (though some might) and that there is often a cause for what is happening to you or situations you find yourself in that you don’t like, or even parts of yourself that you don’t like.
Life can be worth living even with painful events in it. This is especially important for people who have BPD because we feel a lot of pain and suffering, and we’ve often gone through a lot of terrible things. But pain and suffering does not reduce the worth of your life or whether you deserve to live. You deserve happiness but you might not always get it, so this point is really important to remember and accept in hard times.
Why should you Accept / Acknowledge reality?
Rejecting or fighting reality does not change reality.
Changing reality requires you to first acknowledge that reality. Acknowledgement/acceptance of reality can give you the beginning strength to start working to change the aspects of reality that you believe are not okay, or not just, or not fair.
Pain can’t be avoided; it is nature’s way of signalling that something is wrong.
Refusing to acknowledge reality can keep you stuck in unhappiness, bitterness, anger, sadness, shame, or other painful/negative emotions. Nevertheless, you have a right to feel these emotions. You just don’t want to be stuck feeling these emotions forever, and acknowledging reality is the first step towards healing from painful things that cause negative emotions.
Acknowledgement may lead to sadness, but sometimes a sense of deep calmness or inner peace follows. It can be comforting to come to terms with reality as it is rather than the frustration that comes from fighting it and denying the painful things that may have happened to you. It can also give you strength, strength in your knowledge or beliefs, as well as strength to change the situation in order to improve it.
“The path out of hell is often through misery. By refusing to acknowledge/accept the misery that is part of climbing out of hell, you will eventually fall back into hell.” (That’s directly from Handout 11 in the Skills Training Manual but I couldn’t figure out how to reword it in order to make it more acceptable to people of other faiths or no faiths where hell is not a thing)
The way a friend described Radical Acceptance to me, which is similar to how I conceptualize it, is that fundamentally you’re acknowledging that you don’t have control over everything that happens to you. A lot of what happens to you may be terrible or awful or unjust or unfair, and your feelings about those things are valid. It’s not your choice that these things are unfair, for example, but ignoring it, denying it, or refusing to acknowledge it will not help move you to a place where you can heal from the shitty things that have happened in your life that are affecting you.
You’re allowed to hate the things (in particular, people) who have badly hurt you. But if that hate consumes you, it will control you and drag you farther off the path of recovery and self-acceptance.
Radical Acceptance / Reality Acknowledgement is about acknowledging and accepting that you don’t have control over anything but yourself and that you have to work with what you’re given, even if what you’ve been given is shitty. You can’t change what you’re given in life. You’re allowed to feel/think that this is unfair and unjust, because it often is! But those thoughts should be used with Radical Acceptance / Reality Acknowledgement or else they will just spawn more negative emotions rather than giving you the strength to change the things in your life which are within your control.
Reality Acknowledgement gives you the first and most basic tool that you can use to fix situations that are hurtful to you, if that situation can be fixed. Ultimately, you can use Reality Acknowledgement to learn the facts about a situation and then you can develop a plan to either change that situation, or a plan for how you can emotionally cope with a similar situation. This is called “Coping Ahead” which is an Emotion Regulation Skill. (We will discuss this along with all the DBT skills on SBD eventually)
Radical Acceptance can also be applied to yourself. People who have BPD (and other mental illnesses) often feel like damaged goods or unworthy of love and resent that they ever developed this disorder. Our first impulse when many of us were diagnosed was to deny that it was even possible for us to have BPD. But through Radical Acceptance (using acceptance here to have a positive connotation), you can learn to grow to accept who you are even though you have BPD. I think that’s something many of us are working on, learning how to accept ourselves when we feel like so much is wrong about who we are. But those are judgements, and the reality is you’re a person who happens to have BPD. And that’s one of the first steps you can take towards accepting who you are and ultimately growing to love yourself.
Reality Acknowledgement has helped me a lot personally, once I was able to conceptualize it for myself rather than the ways I was taught that invalidated my valid feelings about my pain and the suffering I’ve endured. It was Reality Acknowledgement that actually helped me come to terms with the fact I was seriously abused by a number of people, and that knowledge of reality gave me the strength to finally sever contact with my abusers. I was lucky that it worked out the way it did or else I still would have been emotionally tied to one of my abusers and I never would have been able to have the healthy and loving relationship I do now. I’m still a work in progress.
Reality Acknowledgement / Radical Acceptance is not a magic fix for anything, it still is work and sometimes it can feel like thankless work. Also it can take a while for you to fully be able to Radically Accept / Acknowledge Reality in the way you need to for your recovery. It can take time, it can take a lot of time and there will be times when you slip back into fighting reality (especially if you’re triggered by something) but it’s a work in progress. Some days it might be easy to acknowledge something bad that happened, but not so easy (or even impossible) on other days. Don’t get discouraged!
Ultimately, Reality Acknowledgement / Radical Acceptance is an important component of DBT for helping people start their journey of managing overwhelming painful/negative emotions that result after painful or distressing events by acknowledging the things that have hurt them.
I hope this helps you understand what Radical Acceptance / Reality Acknowledgement is and how to use it.
Further Reading: How to Practice Reality Acknowledgement Step By Step for Abuse and Trauma Victims, Things that Interfere with Reality Acknowledgement
TL;DR: Radical Acceptance / Reality Acknowledgement is a DBT Distress Tolerance Skill that encourages you to acknowledge reality as it is, despite what you wish the reality was. It encourages you to stop fighting reality (usually by denying it) and acknowledge what has or is happening to you or people around you.
Radical Acceptance / Reality Acknowledgement teaches us that the only thing we have any control over is ourselves and that it is futile to try to change things that are out of our control–this is why we must acknowledge or accept these things. It can also help ease negative emotions by validating your emotional response while also giving you the strength to change the aspects of your situation that are within your power to change.